JPH0611174B2 - Small motor - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a small motor used for driving a tape of, for example, a tape recorder / video tape recorder.

Structure of the conventional example and its problems Explaining with the example of a small motor with the most number of contact switching,
Generally, there are two types of brushes in a small motor. One is a conductive material having elasticity, such as copper, beryllium copper, copper titanium alloy, phosphor bronze, nickel silver thin plate material or wire material, and precious metal alloys (eg Au, Pd, Pt, Ag, Cu).
Etc. and their alloys) are clad or joined to a part of a thin plate or wire by spot welding, and the other is a sintered carbon part of the thin plate or wire described above. Brushes (for example, C carbon, Ag carbon, Cu carbon, AgCu carbon, and carbon brushes obtained by compounding these materials with SiC, MoS ₂ , Pb, epoxy resin, etc.) as a conductive adhesive, spot welding, Alternatively, it is formed by means such as a crimping method, but in a small motor having these brushes,
When the commutator rotates, the commutator sliding part vibrates unnecessarily, which causes abnormal welding on the contact surface of the commutator sliding part with respect to the commutator segment, and black matter (carbon and brush and commutator It often becomes a problem that foreign matter is generated that promotes an abnormal phenomenon called a mixture of sliding wear powder generated between segments). In some brushes for small motors, a commutator sliding portion that contacts the commutator segment is integrally formed with a brush base portion that is supported by a supporting means provided on, for example, a lid of a motor case. The contact state between such a brush and the commutator segment is shown in FIG.

In FIG. 1, a bent commutator sliding portion 3 extends from a brush base portion 2 supported by a brush supporting means 1. This commutator sliding part 3 is a brush base 2
It has elasticity by being bent from and is in contact with the commutator segment 4 in a pressed state. Then, this pressing force is obtained by appropriately selecting the bending angle between the brush base 2 and the commutator sliding part 3.
It can be any value you want. The commutator segment 4 is fixed to the motor rotating shaft 6 via the insulating cylinder 5 and rotates with the rotation of the motor.

As described above, since the rotating commutator segment 4 and the commutator sliding portion 3 are in sliding contact with each other, electric sparks are easily generated between them, and electrical noise and commutator sliding are generated with the generation of the electric sparks. Inconvenient conditions such as welding on the moving part 3 will occur. And
The occurrence of this welding not only shortens the life of the brush,
When welding occurs at a position where the commutator segment 4 starts to contact and a position where the commutator segment 4 starts to separate (part a in FIG. 1), the surface of the commutator segment 4 is scratched and damaged by the welding, and further caused by this scraping. There is a disadvantage that the cutting wastes are accumulated in the gap between the commutator segments 4 adjacent to each other, and the commutator segments are electrically connected to each other, and the performance of the motor is deteriorated. .
It should be noted that electric sparks often develop in the a part of the commutator sliding part in the previous term.

The largest cause of this is brush sliding. That is, electric sparks frequently occur due to the vibration of the brush, which promotes the occurrence of welding and causes the sliding surface to become rough. As the roughness becomes larger, the generation of electric sparks further increases, and eventually it becomes impossible to obtain the required characteristics of the motor, which may lead to the start and stop.

Generally, the material of the commutator sliding part 3 is a precious metal alloy brush or a sintered carbon brush as described above, and the material of the commutator segment 4 is AgCu, AgCd, AgCu.
Cd, Cu, Au alloys, AgPd alloys, AgCuTi alloys, etc., and when using precious metal brushes, since these are almost the same material, the sliding resistance is 1.0 and at the sliding interface This is an unfavorable combination in which scratches are likely to occur. Also, when using a sintered carbon brush, although the sliding resistance is smaller than when using a noble metal alloy brush, there is a risk of scratches, and in the compounding material that constitutes the carbon brush , Impurities such as SiO ₂ are mixed, and as with the noble metal alloy brush, it is a disadvantageous combination in which scratches easily occur at the sliding interface.

The structure shown in FIG. 2a which does not have a means for suppressing the electric sparks that cause these defects, that is, the commutator sliding part 3 does not take any vibration damping measures, is a commutator. Since the vibration of the sliding part is large, welding easily occurs even at normal temperature, and it is difficult to obtain a product with a long life and excellent quality. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2b, the vibration preventive rubber 9 attached to the commutator sliding portion 3 with the adhesive 8 has good vibration absorption at room temperature and can suppress generation of sparks. 60 ℃ of upper limit temperature
When it is near, the viscosity of the pressure-sensitive adhesive is remarkably reduced, the adhesive force of the anti-vibration rubber 9 to the sliding portion is reduced, the vibration absorbing ability is reduced, and the generation of sparks is increased. It becomes stable. Further, as shown in FIG. 2c, the vibration compensating sheet 12 is attached to the commutator sliding part 3 with the adhesive 11 having the constitution in which the pressure sensitive adhesive 8 is applied to both sides of the base material 10. Compared with the example of FIG. B, the decrease in viscosity of the pressure-sensitive adhesive at high temperature is somewhat small but not sufficient, and it is impossible to obtain long life and high quality at high temperature. The ambient temperature of this motor is -10
Many are used at ℃ ~ +60 ℃. In addition, in a motor with an applied voltage of over 30 V, even if the black matter deposit, which will be described later, occurs on the sliding part of the commutator, the applied voltage is high, so that electrical continuity between the brush and the commutator segment is sufficient. It can be taken and it does not matter.

An object of the present invention is to improve the slidability of a commutator sliding portion and a commutator segment, prevent the shortening of the motor life due to abrasion damage on the commutator segment surface, and
It is intended to provide a high-performance small motor capable of reducing wow and flutter when incorporated in equipment such as a tape recorder.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a brush base made of a thin plate-shaped or linear metal elastic body and a commutator slide extended from the brush base or fixed to a part of the brush base. In a small motor equipped with a brush having a portion, paraffins having no benzene ring in a part of the motor case, for example, near the commutator sliding portion on the bracket. Chemicals 1 Monoalcohols having a single --OH group ... Chemicals 2 of the present invention 2 Polyhydric alcohols having a plurality of --OH groups ... Chemicals 3 of the present invention 3 Ethers having a single or a plurality of --O-- bonds ... …
Chemical 4 of the present invention 4 Cyclic ethers ………… Chemical 5 of the present invention 5 Ketones having one or more —CO— bonds.
Chemicals of the present invention 6 Ether alcohols having one or more —OH- groups ………… Chemicals of the present invention 7 Ester alcohols having one or more —OH groups ………………… Chemicals of the present invention 8 Ester having one or more —COO-bonds…
…………………………………… Chemicals of the present invention 9 Amino alcohols having one or more —OH groups ……………………………… Chemicals of the present invention 10 Single or plural Fatty acids having -COOH group ...
Chemicals of the present invention 11 Alkyl amides having one or more —CONH-bonds ... Chemicals of the present invention 12 Primary amines having one or more —NH ₂ — bonds. …………………………… Chemicals of the present invention 13 Secondary amines having one or more —NH— bonds ...
…………………………………… Chemicals of the present invention 14 Tertiary amines having one or more N≡ bonds ……
Chemical agent 15 of the present invention 15 oxymonocyclic terpenes ..... Adhesion of a member impregnated with at least two chemical agents of chemical agent 16 of the present invention (hereinafter, abbreviated as "chemical agent of the present invention"), for example, felt. It is fixed by means of a chemical agent or attached by means such as pressure bonding. This "inventive chemical" has a linear carbon bond having no benzene ring or has a side chain, and the boiling point thereof under 1 atm is around 100 ° C to 250 ° C. It is especially effective to select a suitable one. 3
It can be used up to about 00 ° C. The "invention chemicals" are vaporized depending on the ambient temperature, and the atmosphere of the "invention chemicals" is formed in the motor case. In addition,
In order to simplify the motor configuration, a configuration may be used in which the “chemical of the present invention” is directly applied to the brush or commutator sliding portion.

Description of Embodiments FIGS. 3 and 4 show an embodiment of the present invention. Here, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 are given to the first name portions, 14 is a bracket for holding a brush, 15 is a motor housing, and 16 is a felt impregnated with the “chemical of the present invention”. is there. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the felt 16 is arranged near the commutator sliding portion 3 on the bracket 14, and in the embodiment of FIG. 4, the felt 16 is mounted on the brush base 2.

In each of these embodiments, the commutator sliding part 3 is fixed to the tip of the brush base 2, but the commutator sliding part bent and extended from the brush base 2 as shown in FIG. Having a felt 16 on the sliding part
May be installed.

In any of the embodiments, the atmosphere in the motor case becomes a vapor atmosphere by the "chemicals of the present invention" and the purpose is to adsorb on the surface of the brush and the commutator segment by the atmosphere gas. is not.

By the way, the state in which the commutator sliding portion and the commutator segment are easily welded, or the state in which welding, abnormal wear, or conduction failure is likely to occur is being elucidated in the literature and experiments so far. Abnormality is likely to occur when the brush sliding part and the commutator segment slide in the atmosphere, or when unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons are present or adsorbed on the commutator segment itself. . At this time, foreign matter is generated which promotes an abnormal phenomenon called black matter (a mixture of carbon and sliding wear powder generated between the brush and the commutator segment).

This foreign matter has a large amount of carbon per unit volume when the unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon is burned by the arc between the sliding portion and the commutator segment, resulting in incomplete combustion,
Although it is due to its molecular structure, it is considered that hard carbon can be formed because the binding state of the produced carbon becomes dense.

Also, in the adsorption of hydrocarbons other than unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons and adsorption to commutator segments, it is due to the molecular structure, but the carbon produced is hard and does not lead to abnormal phenomena. Has been done. Based on these phenomena, a long-term operation experiment was conducted using a commutator segment in which a very small amount of hydrocarbon was adsorbed. In this experiment, 1) It is highly probable that abnormal wear will occur in the commutator segment at high temperature and low humidity.

2) When about 10 μg of hydrocarbons are adsorbed on the commutator segment, the abnormality of the commutator segment is alleviated and the life of the small motor is extended (however, the data is obtained when there is no continuous hydrocarbon replenishment). The result was obtained.

The experimental results are shown in FIG.

Therefore, in the present invention, the above phenomenon is taken into consideration in FIGS.
As shown in the embodiment of the drawing, the felt 16 impregnated with the "chemicals of the present invention" is arranged in the vicinity of the sliding portion of the commutator, which is surrounded by the motor housing 15 and the bracket 14. The "inventive chemicals" are most different from unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons in terms of their molecular structure, and therefore, they are farthest from hard black oxide formation, which is one of the abnormal phenomena, and carbon formation is Even if there is, it becomes extremely soft and reduces the sliding resistance between the commutator sliding part and the commutator segment.

High temperature with high probability of abnormal phenomenon in the above configuration,
At low humidity, an atmosphere matching the vapor pressure of the “chemical of the present invention” can be obtained in the motor case. Does not have this benzene ring,
The "inventive drug" having a linear carbon bond or a side chain strongly adsorbs to the metal surface due to its polar group. This adsorption is stronger than the organic gas adsorbed by the van der Waals 'attractive force, except that the paraffins are adsorbed by the Van der Waals' attractive force.

By adsorbing the "invention chemicals", not only commutator segments and brushes made of Au, Pd, Pt, Ag, etc. with strong catalytic action, but also those made of Cu, and the surface of the sintered carbon brush And also adsorb to other metal surfaces,
Prevents highly reactive gases (styrene monomer, toluene, etc.) from adhering to the surface. This is because the "inventive chemical" is more strongly adsorbed than the organic gas adsorbed by the van der Waals attraction of styrene monomer, toluene, etc., except for the harafins. FIG. 6 shows the results of a) a conventional product, b) a test product in a styrene monomer atmosphere, c) a test product in a toluene atmosphere, and d) a test product in the "invention chemicals" atmosphere. In addition, Fig. 6 is a photograph of the commutator segment surface, and a shows the condition of the commutator segment surface before the test.
b shows the state of the commutator segment surface after a 100-hour test in an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon (styrene monomer) atmosphere (60 ° C., 5% RH). In addition, c is 60 ° C, 5% when approximately 10 μg of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon (toluene) is adsorbed on the commutator segment surface.
It shows the state after the RH, 300-hour test. Furthermore, d is in the atmosphere according to the present invention (60 ° C., 5% R
H) shows the state after the 1500-hour test.

Further, those having (amino group) in the molecular structure also have rust preventive power to protect the metal from corrosion. Therefore, the metal component is stably protected for a long period of time. Moreover, -10 ° C to +6
For a small motor in which 0 ° C is a normal use environment atmosphere, a boiling point under one atmospheric pressure is particularly effective when it is around 100 ° C to around 250 ° C, and it is possible to use up to around 300 ° C. Listed as "inventive chemicals" are: 1) paraffins (example) 2.2.4 trimethylpentane 99.2 ° C (boiling point at 1 atm) n-decane 174.1 ° C (boiling at 1 atm) Point) n-dodecane 216.3 ° C. (boiling point under one atmosphere pressure) tetradecane 253.6 ° C. (boiling point under one atmosphere pressure) 2) monoalcohol having a single —OH group (example) n-propyl Alcohol 97.2 ° C (boiling point under one atmosphere) Isobutyl alcohol 106-109 ° C (boiling point under one atmosphere) Isoamyl alcohol 128-132 ° C (boiling point under one atmosphere) Isobutylcarbinol 176 to 184 ° C. (boiling point under 1 atm) 3) Polyhydric alcohols having a plurality of —OH groups (example) Propylene glycol 187 ° C. (boiling point under 1 atm) Ethylene glycol 197 ° C. (under 1 atm) Boiling point in water) Diethylene glycol 250 ° C (boiling point under one atmosphere) 2 Methyl 2.4 pentanediol 197.4 ° C (boiling point under one atmosphere) Glycerin 290 ° C (boiling point under one atmosphere) 4 ) Ethers having one or more —O— bonds (Example) n-butyl ether 143 ° C. (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) Isoamyl ether 173.2 ° C. (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) 5) Cyclic ethers (Example) 1.4 dioxane 101.4 ° C. (boiling point under 1 atm) 1.3 dioxane 106 ° C. (boiling point under 1 atm) 6) Having one or more —CO— bonds Ketones (Example) Cyclopentanone 130.7 ° C. (boiling point under one atmosphere) 2 Octanone 174 ° C. (boiling point under one atmosphere) 2 Nonanone 195 ° C. (boiling point under one atmosphere) 2 Undecanone 229 ℃ (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) 7) Ether alcohols having one or more —OH groups (example) 1.3 dimethoxy 2 propanol 169 ° C (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) diethylene glycol monomethyl ether 194.
2 ℃ (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether 195 ℃
(Boiling point at 1 atm) Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 230 ℃
(Boiling point at 1 atm) Tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether
242.5 ° C. (boiling point at 1 atm) 8) Ester alcohols having one or more —OH groups (Example) Ethyl lactate 154 ° C. (boiling point at 1 atm) Ethyl glycolate 160 ° C. (1 Boiling point under atmospheric pressure) 2-Hydroxyethyl acetate 188 ° C (boiling point under 1 atm) L-diethyl malate 253 ° C (boiling point under 1 atm) 9) One or more -COO-bonds Esters (Example) Dimethyl succinate 195 ° C (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) Ethyl octanoate 208 ° C (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) Diethyl fumarate 214 ° C (boiling point under 1 atmosphere) Decanoic acid Diethyl 242 ° C (boiling point under 1 atm) Diethyl adipate 245 ° C (boiling point under 1 atm) 10) Amino alcohols having one or more -OH groups (Example) Dier Leethanolamine 163 ° C (boiling point under 1 atm) Dibutylethanolamine 199 ° C (boiling point under 1 atm) 11) Fatty acids having one or more -COOH groups (Example) Pipalic acid 164 ° C (one Boiling point under atmospheric pressure) Isocrotonic acid 169 ° C (boiling point under one atmosphere) Isovaleric acid 177 ° C (boiling point under one atmosphere) Adipic acid 205.5 ° C (boiling point under one atmosphere) Hexanone Acid 205.8 ° C. (boiling point under one atmosphere) n-octanoic acid 239 ° C. (boiling point under one atmosphere) Crotonic acid 189 ° C. (boiling point under one atmosphere) 12) One or more -CONH - alkyl amide having a coupling (example) n- ethylacetamide 205 ° C. (boiling point under one atmosphere) 13) one or more -NH ₂ - primary amines having a binding (example) 2 octane amine 1 3 to 164 ° C (boiling point at 1 atm) Octylamine 188 ° C (boiling point at 1 atm) Hexylamine 130 ° C (boiling point at 762 mmHg) 1.6 Hexanediamine 81.5 ° C (at 10 mmHg) Boiling point) 14) Secondary amines having one or more —NH— bonds (example) Dibutylamine 160 ° C. (boiling point at 1 atm) 15) Tertiary amines having one or more N≡ bonds (Example) Tripropylamine 157 ° C (boiling point under one atmosphere) Tributylamine 212 ° C (boiling point under one atmosphere) 16) Oxymonocyclic terpenes (Example) γ-terpineol 114-115 ° C (under one atmosphere) Boiling point) β-Terpineol 209-210 ° C (Boiling point at 752 mmHg) α-Terpineol 219-221 ° C (Boiling point under 1 atm) 1-Menthol 216.5 ° C (Sublimation under 1 atm) For example, d-camphor 209 ° C. (sublimation under 1 atm).

The above-mentioned "chemicals of the present invention" are adsorbed on the surfaces of the brush and commutator segment to form a monomolecular film, so that the lubricity is extremely improved and the wear of the contact portion is significantly reduced. The results of the experiment are shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, A,
B is a rectified waveform in an atmosphere of styrene monomer having unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons, A is a rectified waveform before 60 ° C., 5% PH test, and B is a rectified waveform after 60 ° C., 5% RH, 100 hours test. is there. Also, C and D show the confirmation results when about 10 μg of hydrocarbon (toluene) was adsorbed on the surface of the commutator segment, C is a rectified waveform before 60 ° C, 5% RH test, and D is 60 ° C, 5%. It is a rectified waveform after RH, 300-hour test. Furthermore, E and F show the confirmation results in the atmosphere according to the present invention, and E is 60 ° C. and 5% R
Rectified waveform before H test, F is 60 ℃, 5% RH, 150
It is a rectified waveform after a 0-hour test.

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the present invention. The felt 16 is obtained by impregnating the motor housing 15 with the “chemical of the present invention”.
Equipped with. In FIG. 7, 17 is a rotor core attached to the motor rotating shaft 6, 18 is a winding wound around the rotor core 17, 19 is a ferrite magnet fixed to the inner surface of the motor housing 13, and 20 is This is a bearing that supports the motor rotating shaft 6.

The felt 16 is obtained by washing the polyester felt with a polyfluoroethylene liquid and degreasing the "chemicals of the present invention".
In the case of this configuration, "the chemical of the present invention"
Was gradually evaporated and a remarkable effect could be obtained. The felt 16 can control the evaporation speed by changing the thickness of the fiber and the apparent specific gravity.
Even if a continuous foamed plastic or rubber sponge was used instead of the felt 16, a remarkable effect could be obtained.

The "invention chemicals" can be impregnated in the magnet 19, and since the ferrite magnet 19 is porous, it has a holding force of 0.1 to 0.3 g, and a remarkable effect can be obtained. Similarly, a plastic bracket 14 is blended, a plastic commutator base is blended, a magnet wire is impregnated, a metal oil of the bearing 20 is blended, and a magnet 19 is used. The material impregnated between the housings 15 also has a force for holding the “chemicals of the present invention”, and a remarkable effect can be obtained.

Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, the following effects are achieved.

1) By providing an atmosphere of the chemical of the present invention in the motor case and adsorbing it onto the surfaces of the brush and the commutator segment, there is an effect that a lubricating action is performed and abnormal wear and scratch damage of the sliding portion can be prevented.

2) Even if there is an organic gas having a benzene ring such as styrene monomer or toluene, it is protected by the film of the chemical agent of the present invention adsorbed on the surface of the brush and commutator segment, and the generation of black matter is minimal, and the area between the brush and commutator segment is small. Contact failure can be prevented. In addition, since contact failure does not occur, the generation of electrical noise is reduced, and the speed of a small motor is stabilized due to contact instability, resulting in 1 V to
There is an effect of reducing wow and flutter of equipment using a small motor that uses a relatively low voltage of about 30V.

3) As a result of the above 1) and 2), the quality of the small motor is improved and the life can be greatly extended.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a conventional example, FIGS. 2A to 2C are diagrams showing a configuration of a commutator sliding portion of a conventional example, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are configuration diagrams of an embodiment of the present invention, respectively. Figure 5 (A) ~
FIG. 6 (a) is a diagram showing a rectified waveform of the conventional example and the present invention, FIG.
(D) is an explanatory view showing the state of the commutator segment surface of the conventional example and the present invention, and FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b) are a longitudinal sectional view and a transverse sectional view of a small motor according to still another embodiment of the present invention. is there. 3 ... commutator sliding part, 4 ... commutator segment, 14 ... bracket, 15 ... housing, 1
6: Felt impregnated with the "inventive chemical".

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References Japanese Patent Publication Sho 32-2279 (JP, B1) Carbon Material Society of Japan, “Electrical Brushes and their Usage”, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, Second Edition, 1972 Issued March 1st 149-150 Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 19, No. 1 P. 1-10, Jan. 1948, AMERI CAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A small motor with an applied voltage of 30 V or less that incorporates a brush mechanism and a commutator in which a brush and a commutator come into contact with each other, and has no benzene ring in the motor case. 1) Paraffins 2) Single -OH Group-containing monoalcohols 3) polyhydric alcohols having a plurality of -OH groups 4) ethers having a single or a plurality of -O- bonds 5) cyclic ethers 6) having a single or a plurality of -CO- bonds Ketones 7) Ether alcohols having one or more -OH groups 8) Ester alcohols having one or more -OH groups 9) Esters having one or more -COO- bonds 10) One or more Amino alcohols having an -OH group 11) Single or plural fatty acids having a -COOH group 12) Single or plural CONH- alkylamides 13 having a bond) one or more -NH 2 _- the secondary amines 15) one or more N≡ coupling having a primary amine 14) one or more -NH- bond has a binding Tertiary amines possessed 16) Small motors with an atmosphere of at least two chemicals among oxymonocyclic terpenes.