JPH0619480B2 - Rain gauge with rain correction device - Google Patents
Rain gauge with rain correction deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0619480B2 JPH0619480B2 JP4893690A JP4893690A JPH0619480B2 JP H0619480 B2 JPH0619480 B2 JP H0619480B2 JP 4893690 A JP4893690 A JP 4893690A JP 4893690 A JP4893690 A JP 4893690A JP H0619480 B2 JPH0619480 B2 JP H0619480B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rainfall
- rain
- raindrop
- amount
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Indicating Or Recording The Presence, Absence, Or Direction Of Movement (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は、風の伴う降雨の場合に起こる雨量の誤差を、
雨量と風速により補正する装置を備えた雨量計に関する
ものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial field of application) The present invention eliminates the error of rainfall amount that occurs in the case of rainfall accompanied by wind.
The present invention relates to a rain gauge equipped with a device that corrects the amount of rainfall and wind speed.
（従来の技術） 雨量の計測は、気象、環境、農業、林業、治水及び水害
等の調査予測に必要なもので、特に水害の調査予測に
は、雨量の正確な値が必要であるにもかかわらず、風に
よる雨量の計測の誤差の補正はなされていなかった。(Prior Art) Measurement of rainfall is necessary for survey and prediction of weather, environment, agriculture, forestry, flood control, and flood damage. In particular, accurate value of rainfall is also required for survey and prediction of flood damage. Nevertheless, the error in the measurement of rainfall due to wind was not corrected.
（発明が解決しようとする課題） 風を原因とする雨量の計測の誤差は、風によって降雨が
斜めに落下する場合に生じるものであり、鉛直線に対す
る降雨の角度が２０゜で６％、30゜で１３％、４５゜で
３０％にも及ぶ。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) An error in measurement of rainfall caused by wind occurs when rainfall obliquely falls due to wind, and the angle of rainfall with respect to the vertical line is 20%, 6%, 30%. It reaches 13% at ° and 30% at 45 °.
そこで、本発明においは、風速と雨量から検出した雨滴
の落下速度とにより、雨量の修正係数を算出して雨量の
補正を行なう装置を具備する雨量計を提供することを目
的としている。Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a rain gauge that includes a device that calculates a correction coefficient of the rainfall amount and corrects the rainfall amount based on the wind speed and the falling velocity of raindrops detected from the rainfall amount.
（課題を解決するための手段） しかして、本発明の要旨とするところは、第２図で示す
ように、雨量に応じた信号を出力する雨量検出手段１０
０と、この雨量検出手段１００からの出力を所定時間積
算する積算手段２００と、 風速に応じた信号を出力する風速出力手段３００と、前
記積算手段200 により積算された雨量から雨滴の落下速
度を算出する雨滴落下速度算出手段４００と、前記風速
出力手段３００からの風速信号と前記雨滴落下速度算出
手段４００からの雨滴落下速度とから雨量の修正係数を
演算する修正係数演算手段５００と、この修正係数演算
手段500 によって得られた修正係数により前記雨量検出
手段１００の出力信号を補正する雨量補正手段600 とを
具備することにある。(Means for Solving the Problem) The gist of the present invention is, as shown in FIG. 2, the rainfall amount detecting means 10 for outputting a signal corresponding to the rainfall amount.
0, an integrating means 200 for integrating the output from the rain amount detecting means 100 for a predetermined time, a wind speed output means 300 for outputting a signal according to the wind speed, and a raindrop drop speed from the rain amount integrated by the integrating means 200. Raindrop falling speed calculation means 400, correction coefficient calculation means 500 for calculating a correction coefficient of rainfall amount from the wind speed signal from the wind speed output means 300 and the raindrop falling speed from the raindrop falling speed calculation means 400, and this correction And a rain amount correction means 600 for correcting the output signal of the rain amount detection means 100 by the correction coefficient obtained by the coefficient calculation means 500.
（作用） したがって、雨量検出手段１００によって出力された信
号は所定時間演算手段２００によって積算され、その演
算値は雨滴落下速度算出手段400 へとフィードバックさ
れ、雨滴落下速度値となる。この雨滴落下速度値は、風
速出力手段３００によって出力された風速と共に、修正
係数演算手段５００において演算されて修正係数とな
り、雨量補正手段６００において雨量検出手段１００に
よって出力された信号を補正する。これにより、各積算
手段によって積算された雨量はより正確な雨量となる。(Operation) Therefore, the signals output by the rainfall amount detecting means 100 are integrated by the calculating means 200 for a predetermined time, and the calculated values are fed back to the raindrop falling speed calculating means 400 to become raindrop falling speed values. This raindrop drop speed value is calculated by the correction coefficient calculation means 500 together with the wind speed output by the wind speed output means 300 to be a correction coefficient, and the rain amount correction means 600 corrects the signal output by the rain amount detection means 100. As a result, the amount of rainfall accumulated by each accumulating unit becomes a more accurate amount of rainfall.
（実施例） 以下、この発明の実施例を図面により説明する。Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第１図において、雨量計１は雨量を測定するもので、転
倒ます式のものを用いているが、これは貯水式のもので
もよく、それらの構造は公知のものであるので図示しな
い。風速計２は、風速を測定するもので、支柱１３に取
り付け、また、取付面１５に支柱取付フランジ１４によ
って雨量計１に影響を及ぼさない程度に近接した場所に
設置する。風速計２は、本実施例においてはロビンソン
式のものを使用しているが、他のものでもさしつかえな
い。In FIG. 1, the rain gauge 1 measures the amount of rainfall, and it uses a tipping type, but this may be a water storage type and their structure is well known, so it is not shown. The anemometer 2 measures the wind speed, and is attached to the column 13, and is also installed on the attachment surface 15 by the column attachment flange 14 so as to be close to the rain gauge 1 so as not to affect the rain gauge 1. As the anemometer 2, the Robinson type is used in this embodiment, but other types may be used.
第２図は本発明のブロック図である。雨量計１から 0.5
mm雨量毎に１パルスが発生されており、該パルスは、パ
ルス電圧変換回路３において雨量を積算するに適当な電
圧に変換される。この電圧は下記する補正回路５を通
り、１０分間雨量積算回路９で積算される。雨量の表示
には、通常１０分間、１時間、２４時間、連続の積算雨
量を用いるので、本実施例においては所定時間を１０分
間に設定し、補正用の特別な雨量積算回路は設置せず、
１０分間雨量積算回路９の値を補正用に用いることにし
た。尚、特別に補正用の雨量積算回路を設け、所定時間
を細かく区切ることも可能である。また、補正回路５に
おける修正係数の初期値は“１”に設定してあるので、
補正回路５の入出力電圧は等しくなる。FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the present invention. Rain gauge 1 to 0.5
One pulse is generated for each mm rainfall, and the pulse is converted into a voltage suitable for integrating the rainfall in the pulse voltage conversion circuit 3. This voltage passes through the correction circuit 5 described below and is integrated by the rainfall integration circuit 9 for 10 minutes. In order to display the rainfall amount, the accumulated rainfall amount of 10 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours, and continuous is usually used. Therefore, in this embodiment, the predetermined time period is set to 10 minutes, and no special rainfall amount accumulation circuit for correction is installed. ,
It was decided to use the value of the 10-minute rainfall accumulation circuit 9 for correction. Incidentally, it is also possible to provide a special rain amount integrating circuit for correction so as to divide the predetermined time into small pieces. Further, since the initial value of the correction coefficient in the correction circuit 5 is set to "1",
The input and output voltages of the correction circuit 5 become equal.
１０分間雨量積算回路９では、入力した電圧に応じて雨
量が１０分間積算される。各々の１時間、２４時間及び
連続雨量積算回路１０〜１２においても同様に積算され
る。１０分間雨量積算回路９において積算された雨量
は、１０分間雨量積算回路９が１０分経過後にゼロクリ
アされると同時に雨滴落下速度演算回路６へと出力され
る。In the 10-minute rainfall integration circuit 9, the rainfall is integrated for 10 minutes according to the input voltage. The 1-hour, 24-hour, and continuous rainfall integration circuits 10 to 12 are similarly integrated. The rainfall accumulated in the 10-minute rainfall accumulation circuit 9 is output to the raindrop fall rate calculation circuit 6 at the same time as the 10-minute rainfall accumulation circuit 9 is cleared to zero after 10 minutes have elapsed.
雨滴落下速度演算回路６においては、雨滴の大きさは発
生メカニズムから雨量に比例すること、雨滴の落下速度
は雨滴の大きさにより決定されることを利用して、以下
の(1)，(2)式により雨量を雨滴落下速度に変換する。In the raindrop drop velocity calculation circuit 6, the fact that the size of the raindrop is proportional to the amount of rainfall due to the generation mechanism, and the drop velocity of the raindrop is determined by the size of the raindrop, the following (1), (2 ) Is used to convert the amount of rainfall into raindrop falling velocity.
ｍｇ＝６πｒＮＶ …(1) ｒ ：雨滴半径 Ｋ：変換定数 Ｒ：雨量 ＶＲ：雨滴落下速度 ＰＷ：水の密度 ｇ ：重力各速度 Ｎ：粘性係数 実際の降雨の場合、雨滴の直径は１０００ミクロン前後
のものが多く、最大は５０００ミクロン前後であり、第
４図で示すように、雨滴の落下速度も４ｍ／ｓ〜９ｍ／
ｓであまり広範囲ではない。そのため、最も頻度の高い
４ｍ／ｓや平均値６ｍ／ｓ等の値に固定することも可能
である。また、雨滴直径１００ミクロン以下の降雨の場
合、雨量が少ないので、修正係数を“１”とする。mg = 6πrNV (1) r: Raindrop radius K: Conversion constant R: Rainfall amount V R : Raindrop drop velocity P W : Water density g: Gravity velocity N: Viscosity coefficient In the case of actual rainfall, the diameter of raindrops is often around 1000 microns, The maximum is around 5000 microns, and as shown in Fig. 4, the falling speed of raindrops is also 4 m / s to 9 m /
s is not very wide. Therefore, it is possible to fix the value to the most frequent value such as 4 m / s or the average value of 6 m / s. Further, in the case of rainfall with a diameter of raindrops of 100 microns or less, the amount of rainfall is small, so the correction coefficient is set to "1".
雨滴落下速度演算回路６において算出された雨滴落下速
度は、次の１０分間雨量が、１０分間雨量積算回路９よ
り雨滴落下速度演算回路６に送られてくるまで、傾斜角
演算回路７への出力として雨滴落下速度演算回路６にお
て保持されるか、傾斜角演算回路７において保持され
る。The raindrop falling speed calculated by the raindrop falling speed calculation circuit 6 is output to the inclination angle calculation circuit 7 until the next 10-minute rainfall amount is sent from the 10-minute rainfall accumulation circuit 9 to the raindrop drop speed calculation circuit 6. It is held in the raindrop drop velocity calculation circuit 6 or as the inclination angle calculation circuit 7.
風のある降雨の場合、風速計２において計測される風速
は、雨量の積算時間１０分間に合わせて１０分間平均風
速検出回路４によって平均化され、１０分間平均風速を
傾斜角演算回路７へ出力する。傾斜角演算回路７におい
て、雨滴落下速度演算回路６より与えられた雨滴落下速
度と１０分間平均風速検出回路４より与えられた１０分
間平均風速とが、第３図で示すようにベクトル合成され
ることにより、下記の(3)式により降雨の傾斜角θが求
められる。In the case of rain with wind, the wind speed measured by the anemometer 2 is averaged by the average wind speed detection circuit 4 for 10 minutes in accordance with the rainfall accumulation time of 10 minutes, and the average wind speed of 10 minutes is output to the inclination angle calculation circuit 7. To do. In the inclination angle calculating circuit 7, the raindrop falling speed given by the raindrop falling speed calculating circuit 6 and the 10-minute average wind speed given by the 10-minute average wind speed detecting circuit 4 are vector-synthesized as shown in FIG. Therefore, the inclination angle θ of rainfall can be calculated by the following equation (3).
θ ：降雨の傾斜角 ＶＷ：平均風速 ＶＲ：雨滴落下速度 傾斜角演算回路７によって求められた傾斜角は修正係数
演算回路８へと出力され、修正係数演算回路８におい
て、以下の(4)式により修正係数βが求められる。 theta: the inclination angle V W rainfall: mean wind speed V R: inclination angle obtained by the raindrop falling speed inclination angle calculation circuit 7 is output to the correction coefficient computing circuit 8, the correction coefficient calculation circuit 8, the following (4 The correction coefficient β is obtained by the equation).
β：修正係数 この修正係数は、補正回路５へと出力され、補正回路５
においてパルス電圧変換回路３より出力された電圧を以
下の(5)式により補正して、各々の雨量積算回路９〜１
２へ出力する。風速の測定範囲を２０ｍ／ｓ位までとす
れば、集計係数は“１”〜“１０”の範囲内となる。 β: Correction coefficient This correction coefficient is output to the correction circuit 5, and the correction circuit 5
The voltage output from the pulse voltage conversion circuit 3 is corrected by the following equation (5), and each of the rainfall accumulation circuits 9 to 1 is corrected.
Output to 2. If the measurement range of wind speed is up to about 20 m / s, the aggregation coefficient will be in the range of "1" to "10".
Ｖ５＝βＶ３ …(5) Ｖ３：補正回路５の入力電圧 Ｖ５：補正回路５の出力電圧 また、風のない降雨の場合は、１０分間平均風速検出回
路４の出力がゼロとなるため、傾斜角演算回路７によっ
て演算される傾斜角がゼロとなり、それによって修正係
数演算回路８により演算される修正係数は“１”とな
り、補正回路５において入力側の電圧と出力側の電圧と
は等しくなり、従来通りの計測がなされる。これによ
り、風のある降雨の場合は雨量の補正がなされ、風のな
い降雨の場合にも従来通りの計測がなされることにな
り、より正確な雨量を計測できることとなる。V 5 = βV 3 (5) V 3 : Input voltage of the correction circuit 5 V 5 : Output voltage of the correction circuit 5 Further, in the case of rainfall without wind, the output of the average wind speed detection circuit 4 for 10 minutes becomes zero. Therefore, the tilt angle calculated by the tilt angle calculation circuit 7 becomes zero, and the correction coefficient calculated by the correction coefficient calculation circuit 8 becomes "1", and the voltage on the input side and the voltage on the output side in the correction circuit 5 become equal to each other. Are equal, and the conventional measurement is performed. As a result, the rainfall amount is corrected in the case of rain with wind, and the conventional measurement is performed in the case of rainfall without wind, so that more accurate rainfall amount can be measured.
（発明の効果） 以上述べたように、この発明によれば、風のある降雨の
場合に、風によって起こる雨の傾斜角による誤差を補正
できることになり、より正確な雨量の計測を行なうこと
ができる点で優れた効果がある。(Effect of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, in the case of rainfall with wind, an error due to the inclination angle of rain caused by wind can be corrected, and more accurate measurement of rainfall can be performed. It has an excellent effect in that it can be done.
第１図はこの発明の実施例を示す雨量計と風速計の設置
例を示す構成図、第２図は同上のブロック図、第３図は
雨滴落下速度と風速と降雨の傾斜角との関係を示すベク
トルの説明図、第４図は雨滴の直径と雨滴の落下速度と
の説明図である。 ＶＲ……雨滴の落下速度、ＶＷ……風速、ＶＲ′……実
際の降雨速度、θ……降雨の傾斜角、100 ……雨量検出
手段、２００……積算手段、３００……風速出力手段、
４００……雨滴落下速度算出手段、５００……修正係数
演算手段、６００……雨量補正手段。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an installation example of a rain gauge and an anemometer showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the same as above, and FIG. 3 is a relationship between raindrop falling speed, wind speed and inclination angle of rainfall. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a vector showing the, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the diameter of the raindrop and the falling speed of the raindrop. V R ... drop velocity of raindrops, V W ... wind velocity, V R '... actual rainfall velocity, θ ... rainfall inclination angle, 100 ... rainfall amount detecting means, 200 ... integrating means, 300 ... wind velocity Output means,
400 ... Raindrop drop velocity calculation means, 500 ... correction coefficient calculation means, 600 ... rainfall correction means.
Claims (1)
と、 この雨量検出手段からの出力を所定時間積算する積算手
段と、 風速に応じた信号を出力する風速出力手段と、 前記積算手段により積算された雨量から雨滴の落下速度
を算出する雨滴落下速度算出手段と、 前記風速出力手段からの風速信号と前記雨滴落下速度算
出手段からの雨滴落下速度とから雨量の修正係数を演算
する修正係数演算手段と、 この修正係数演算手段によって得られた修正係数により
前記雨量検出手段の出力信号を補正する雨量補正手段と
を具備することを特徴とする雨量補正装置付雨量計。1. A rain amount detecting means for outputting a signal according to a rainfall amount, an integrating means for integrating outputs from the rain amount detecting means for a predetermined time, a wind speed output means for outputting a signal according to a wind speed, and the integrating means. A raindrop drop velocity calculating means for calculating the fall velocity of raindrops from the accumulated rain amount, and a correction coefficient for calculating the rain amount correction coefficient from the wind velocity signal from the wind velocity output means and the raindrop fall velocity from the raindrop fall velocity calculating means. A rain gauge with a rain compensator, comprising: a coefficient computing means; and a rain amount compensating means for compensating an output signal of the rain amount detecting means with a modification coefficient obtained by the modification coefficient computing means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4893690A JPH0619480B2 (en) | 1990-02-28 | 1990-02-28 | Rain gauge with rain correction device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4893690A JPH0619480B2 (en) | 1990-02-28 | 1990-02-28 | Rain gauge with rain correction device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03251791A JPH03251791A (en) | 1991-11-11 |
| JPH0619480B2 true JPH0619480B2 (en) | 1994-03-16 |
Family
ID=12817152
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4893690A Expired - Lifetime JPH0619480B2 (en) | 1990-02-28 | 1990-02-28 | Rain gauge with rain correction device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0619480B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0838015A (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-02-13 | Toshio Shimamura | Fumigator for chemical |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI116322B (en) * | 2001-09-24 | 2005-10-31 | Vaisala Oyj | Rain and hail sensors and procedure for measuring rainfall |
| CN113703072B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2024-02-20 | 温州大学 | Real-time rainfall intensity detection device based on video |
| CN115027235A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-09-09 | 的卢技术有限公司 | Environment sensing system and method with protection function |
| JP7764760B2 (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2025-11-06 | オムロン株式会社 | Raindrop detection device, raindrop detection method, and raindrop detection program |
| CN114994805A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-09-02 | 唐继顺 | Marine rainfall detection device and method |
| CN116482782A (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2023-07-25 | 深圳市欧赛特电子有限公司 | An online rainfall monitoring method and system |
-
1990
- 1990-02-28 JP JP4893690A patent/JPH0619480B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0838015A (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-02-13 | Toshio Shimamura | Fumigator for chemical |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH03251791A (en) | 1991-11-11 |
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