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JPH0624118B2 - Non-aqueous electrolyte battery - Google Patents
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JPH0624118B2 - Non-aqueous electrolyte battery - Google Patents

Non-aqueous electrolyte battery

Info

Publication number
JPH0624118B2
JPH0624118B2 JP61088906A JP8890686A JPH0624118B2 JP H0624118 B2 JPH0624118 B2 JP H0624118B2 JP 61088906 A JP61088906 A JP 61088906A JP 8890686 A JP8890686 A JP 8890686A JP H0624118 B2 JPH0624118 B2 JP H0624118B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
positive electrode
weight
battery
silicon
aluminum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP61088906A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS62246263A (en
Inventor
修弘 古川
俊彦 齋藤
俊之 能間
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP61088906A priority Critical patent/JPH0624118B2/en
Publication of JPS62246263A publication Critical patent/JPS62246263A/en
Publication of JPH0624118B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0624118B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66Selection of materials
    • H01M4/669Steels
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119Metals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 イ 産業上の利用分野 本発明はリチウム、ナトリウムなどの軽金属を活物質と
する負極と、金属の酸化物、硫化物、ハロゲン化物など
を活物質とする正極と、非水電解液とを備えた一次或い
は二次電池に関するものである。
The present invention relates to a negative electrode whose active material is a light metal such as lithium and sodium, and a positive electrode whose active material is a metal oxide, sulfide or halide. The present invention relates to a primary or secondary battery provided with a water electrolytic solution.

ロ 従来の技術 この種電池において正極活物質と直接或いは間接的に接
する正極構成部材、例えば正極缶や正極集電体の材料と
してはニツケル含有量が約3〜20重量%の所謂オース
テナイト系ステンレス鋼が一般に用いられているが、電
池の保存中に特に正極に電気接続された正極缶や正極集
電体はその構成金属が電解液中に溶解し負極上に析出し
て内部抵抗を増大させ、又極端な場合には穴あき現象を
生じることがある。この原因はステンレス鋼に含まれる
ニツケル量に依存すると考えられニツケル量が大なるほ
ど顕著であつた。
(B) Conventional technology In this type of battery, a so-called austenitic stainless steel having a nickel content of about 3 to 20% by weight is used as a material for a positive electrode constituent member that directly or indirectly contacts a positive electrode active material, for example, a positive electrode can or a positive electrode current collector. Is generally used, the positive electrode can and the positive electrode current collector, which are electrically connected to the positive electrode during storage of the battery, have their constituent metals dissolved in the electrolytic solution and deposited on the negative electrode to increase the internal resistance. In extreme cases, a perforation phenomenon may occur. This cause is considered to depend on the amount of nickel contained in the stainless steel, and was more remarkable as the amount of nickel increased.

そこで、例えば特公昭55−15067号公報に開示さ
れているように正極構成部材としてニツケルをほとんど
含まず応力下での割れ感受性の少ないフエライト系ステ
ンレス鋼を用いることが提案されたが、この場合にも高
温で長期間保存すると正極構成部材の溶解現象が認めら
れた。
Therefore, as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-15067, it has been proposed to use ferrite stainless steel containing almost no nickel as a positive electrode constituent member and having little cracking susceptibility under stress. Even when stored at high temperature for a long time, the phenomenon of dissolution of the positive electrode constituent member was observed.

さて、この種電池は従来の銀電池、アルカリ電池に比し
て自己放電が小さいため長期間の使用に耐えうるもので
あり、そのため最近では使用機器側のエレクトロニクス
の発展と相俟つて、微少電流による長期に亘る放電特性
の安定性が求められるようになつてきた。ここで述べる
微少電流とは高々数μAであるが、このような微少電流
放電下において長期間安定した放電特性を得るためには
電池自身の高信頼性が要求される。
By the way, this type of battery can withstand long-term use because it has a smaller self-discharge than conventional silver batteries and alkaline batteries. Therefore, the stability of discharge characteristics over a long period of time has been required. The minute current described here is at most several μA, but in order to obtain stable discharge characteristics for a long period of time under such minute current discharge, high reliability of the battery itself is required.

又、近年においては比水電解液電池の二次系も開発が活
発化したおり、充電時に正極構成部材が溶解して正極構
成金属イオンが負極に析出すると負極の充放電効率が低
下しサイクル特性が劣化することになるため、溶解し難
い、云い換えれば耐蝕性に優れた正極構成部材が求めら
れている。
Further, in recent years, the secondary system of the specific water electrolyte battery has been actively developed, and when the positive electrode constituent members are dissolved and the positive electrode constituent metal ions are deposited on the negative electrode during charging, the charge and discharge efficiency of the negative electrode is reduced and the cycle characteristics are reduced. Therefore, there is a demand for a positive electrode constituent member that is difficult to dissolve, in other words, has excellent corrosion resistance.

ハ 発明が解決しようとする問題点 非水電解液を備えた一次或いは二次電池において、高温
保存時或いは充電時における正極構成部材の溶解を因と
する電池特性の劣化を抑制しようとするものである。
(C) Problems to be solved by the invention In a primary or secondary battery provided with a non-aqueous electrolyte, it is intended to suppress deterioration of battery characteristics due to dissolution of the positive electrode constituent member during high temperature storage or charging. is there.

ニ 問題点を解決するための手段 正極構成部材としてアルミニウムを0.5〜10.0重
量%、硅素を1.2〜5.0重量%含有するフエライト
系ステンレス鋼を用いることを特徴とする。
(D) Means for Solving Problems A ferritic stainless steel containing 0.5 to 10.0% by weight of aluminum and 1.2 to 5.0% by weight of silicon is used as a positive electrode constituent member.

ここでフェライト系ステンレス鋼とは、Fe−Crを主
体とする合金であり、組成的には、Cr11〜27%含
有し、炭素含有量が0.2%以下のものである。また組
織的には、α(体心立方格子)またはα+γ(面心立方
格子)の範囲に入るもので、焼入硬化性が殆どないもの
を指す。
Here, the ferritic stainless steel is an alloy mainly composed of Fe-Cr, and in terms of composition, it contains Cr 11 to 27% and has a carbon content of 0.2% or less. In terms of texture, it means that it falls within the range of α (body-centered cubic lattice) or α + γ (face-centered cubic lattice), and has almost no quench-hardenability.

ホ 作 用 本発明によれば、アルミニウムは貴な電位でも不活性な
金属であり電位的に溶解(腐蝕)現象を抑制することが
でき、また硅素は粒界腐蝕感受性を低下させる効果があ
り、これらアルミニウム及び硅素の相乗効果によつてフ
エライト系ステンレス鋼の耐蝕性は飛躍的に向上する。
According to the present invention, aluminum is an inactive metal even at a noble potential and can suppress the dissolution (corrosion) phenomenon at a potential, and silicon has the effect of reducing the intergranular corrosion susceptibility, Due to the synergistic effect of these aluminum and silicon, the corrosion resistance of the ferrite stainless steel is dramatically improved.

尚、含有量についてはアルミニウムの場合には、0.5
〜10.0重量%、硅素の場合には1.2〜5.0重量
%の範囲においてその効果は顕著である。
The content is 0.5 in the case of aluminum.
The effect is remarkable in the range of up to 10.0% by weight, and in the case of silicon in the range of 1.2 to 5.0% by weight.

ヘ 実施例 以下本発明の一実施例を図面に基づき説明するに、第1
図は電池の半断面図を示し、(1)はリチウム圧延板を所
定形状に打抜いた負極であつてオーステナイト系ステン
レス鋼(SUS304)よりなる負極缶(2)の内面に固
着せる負極集電体(3)に圧着されている。(4)は活物質と
しての二酸化マンガンに、導電剤としてのカーボン粉末
及び結着剤としてのフツ素樹脂粉末を85:10:5の
重量比で混合し、この混合物を成型して得た正極であつ
て、正極缶(5)の内面に固着せる正極集電体(6)に圧接さ
れている。
F. Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
The figure shows a half cross-sectional view of a battery. (1) is a negative electrode obtained by punching a rolled lithium plate into a predetermined shape, and is a negative electrode current collector fixed to the inner surface of a negative electrode can (2) made of austenitic stainless steel (SUS304). Crimped to the body (3). (4) is a positive electrode obtained by mixing manganese dioxide as an active material with carbon powder as a conductive agent and fluorine resin powder as a binder in a weight ratio of 85: 10: 5, and molding this mixture. And, it is pressed against the positive electrode current collector (6) fixed to the inner surface of the positive electrode can (5).

ここで正極缶(5)および正極集電体(6)はアルミニウムを
2.0重量%、硅素を2.0重量%含有するフエライト
系ステンレス鋼で構成されている。
Here, the positive electrode can (5) and the positive electrode current collector (6) are made of ferritic stainless steel containing 2.0% by weight of aluminum and 2.0% by weight of silicon.

尚、(7)は非水電解液を含浸せるセパレータ、(8)は絶縁
パツキングである。
Incidentally, (7) is a separator impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte, and (8) is an insulating packing.

下表は各種ステンレス鋼を正極缶および正極集電体とし
て用いた電池を60℃において3ケ月保存後、周波数1
KHZで測定した内部インピーダンスを比較したもので
あり、(A)は本発明電池、(B)はアルミニウムおよび硅素
をほとんど含まないフエライト系ステンレス鋼(SUS
430)を用いた第1の比較電池、(C)はオーステナイ
ト系ステンレス鋼(SUS304)を用いた第2の比較
電池の場合を夫々示す。
The table below shows batteries with various types of stainless steel used as positive electrode cans and positive electrode current collectors, stored at 60 ° C for 3 months, and then subjected to frequency
The internal impedance measured by KHZ is compared, (A) is the battery of the present invention, (B) is a ferritic stainless steel containing almost no aluminum and silicon (SUS).
430) for the first comparative battery and (C) for the second comparative battery for the austenitic stainless steel (SUS304).

上記より本発明電池によると高温、保存後の内部インピ
ーダンスを低く、且バラツキも小さいことがわかる。
尚、測定後の各電池の正極缶を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察
したところ比較電池(B)(C)の正極缶では腐蝕が見られた
が、本発明電池(A)の正極缶では腐蝕現象は認められな
かつた。
From the above, it can be seen that the battery of the present invention has a low internal impedance after storage at high temperature and a small variation.
Incidentally, when the positive electrode can of each battery after the measurement was observed by a scanning electron microscope, corrosion was observed in the positive electrode cans of the comparative batteries (B) and (C), but in the positive electrode can of the present invention battery (A), the corrosion phenomenon was observed. Was never recognized.

第2図は硅素の含有量を0.7重量%、1.2重量%、
2.0重量%、5.0重量%及び7.0重量%とした時
の、アルミニウムの含有量と、60℃で3ケ月保存後の
電池を周波数1KHZで測定した時の内部インピーダン
スの平均値との関係を示す。第2図からアルミニウムの
含有量が0.5〜10.0重量%、硅素の含有量が1.
2〜5.0重量%の時に高温保存時における内部インピ
ーダンスは低いことがわかる。
Fig. 2 shows that the content of silicon is 0.7% by weight, 1.2% by weight,
Aluminum content at 2.0% by weight, 5.0% by weight and 7.0% by weight, and the average internal impedance when the battery was stored at 60 ° C for 3 months and the frequency was measured at 1 KHZ. Shows the relationship with. From FIG. 2, the aluminum content is 0.5 to 10.0% by weight, and the silicon content is 1.
It can be seen that the internal impedance during high temperature storage is low when the content is 2 to 5.0% by weight.

次に、作成直後のこれら電池(A)(B)(C)の充放電試験を
行なつた。充放電条件は充電;3.6mA×4Hr、終
止電圧4.0V、放電;3.0mA×4Hr終止電圧
2.0Vとした。
Next, a charging / discharging test of these batteries (A) (B) (C) immediately after preparation was performed. Charge / discharge conditions were charge: 3.6 mA × 4 Hr, final voltage 4.0 V, discharge: 3.0 mA × 4 Hr final voltage 2.0 V.

第3図に示す結果をみると本発明電池(A)のサイクル寿
命は著しく向上していることがわかる。充放電試験終了
後の電池を分解し、内部を観察したところ比較電池(B)
(C)ではセパレータに褐色の付着物が見られ分析の結
果、ステンレスの成分が認められたが本発明電池では付
着物が認められなかつた。
From the results shown in FIG. 3, it can be seen that the cycle life of the battery (A) of the present invention is remarkably improved. After the charge / discharge test was completed, the battery was disassembled and the inside was observed.Comparative battery (B)
In (C), a brown deposit was found on the separator, and as a result of the analysis, a stainless component was found, but no deposit was found in the battery of the present invention.

第4図は硅素の含有量を0.7重量%、1.2重量%、
2.0重量%、5.0重量%及び7.0重量%とした時
のアルミニウムの含有量と、充放電試験におけるサイク
ル寿命の平均値との関係を示す。第4図からアルミニウ
ムの含有量が0.5〜10.0重量%、硅素の含有量が
1.2〜5.0重量%の時に優れたサイクル特性を示す
ことがわかり、アルミニウム及び硅素の含有量としては
第2図における高温保存時の内部インピーダンスの場合
と同じ結果が得られた。
Fig. 4 shows the silicon content of 0.7% by weight, 1.2% by weight,
The relationship between the content of aluminum at 2.0% by weight, 5.0% by weight and 7.0% by weight and the average cycle life in the charge / discharge test is shown. It can be seen from FIG. 4 that excellent cycle characteristics are exhibited when the content of aluminum is 0.5 to 10.0% by weight and the content of silicon is 1.2 to 5.0% by weight. As the amount, the same result as in the case of the internal impedance at the time of high temperature storage in FIG. 2 was obtained.

ト 発明の効果 上述した如く、正極構成部材としてアルミニウムを0.
5〜10.0重量%、硅素を1.2〜5.0重量%含有
したフエライト系ステンレス鋼を用いることにより、非
水電解液中で貴な電位に対して安定なアルミニウムと、
粒界腐蝕感受性を低下させる硅素との相乗効果によつて
正極構成部材の溶解を有効に抑制することができるの
で、高温保存特性に加えて、二次電池系についてはサイ
クル特性に優れた非水電解液電池を得ることができるも
のであり、その工業的価値は極めて大である。
G. Effects of the Invention As described above, aluminum is used as the positive electrode constituent member in the range of 0.
By using ferritic stainless steel containing 5 to 10.0% by weight and 1.2 to 5.0% by weight of silicon, aluminum which is stable against a noble potential in the non-aqueous electrolyte,
The synergistic effect with silicon, which reduces the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion, can effectively suppress the dissolution of the positive electrode constituent members.Therefore, in addition to high-temperature storage characteristics, the secondary battery system has excellent non-aqueous characteristics with excellent cycle characteristics. It is possible to obtain an electrolytic solution battery, and its industrial value is extremely large.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

第1図は本発明電池の半断面図、第2図は硅素の含有量
を変化させた時のアルミニウム含有量と電池の内部イン
ピーダンスとの関係を示す図、第3図は電池のサイクル
特性比較図、第4図は硅素の含有量を変化させた時のア
ルミニウム含有量と電池のサイクル数との関係を示す図
である。 (1)……負極、(2)……負極缶、(3)……負極集電体、(4)
……正極、(5)……正極缶、(6)……正極集電体、(7)…
…セパレータ、(8)……絶縁パツキング、。
FIG. 1 is a half sectional view of the battery of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the aluminum content and the internal impedance of the battery when the silicon content is changed, and FIG. 3 is a comparison of the cycle characteristics of the battery. FIG. 4 and FIG. 4 are views showing the relationship between the aluminum content and the cycle number of the battery when the silicon content is changed. (1) …… Negative electrode, (2) …… Negative electrode can, (3) …… Negative electrode current collector, (4)
…… Positive electrode, (5) …… Positive electrode can, (6) …… Positive electrode current collector, (7)…
… Separator, (8) …… Insulation packing ,.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】リチウム、ナトリウムなどの軽金属を活物
質とする負極と、非水電解液と、正極とを備え、正極活
物質と直接或いは間接的に接する正極構成部材としてア
ルミニウムを0.5〜10.0重量%、硅素を1.2〜
5.0重量%含有するフエライト系ステンレス鋼を用い
ることを特徴とする非水電解液電池。
1. A positive electrode component comprising a negative electrode using a light metal such as lithium or sodium as an active material, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a positive electrode, and aluminum of 0.5 to 0.5 is used as a positive electrode constituent member which is in direct or indirect contact with the positive electrode active material. 10.0 wt%, silicon 1.2 ~
A non-aqueous electrolyte battery characterized by using a ferrite stainless steel containing 5.0% by weight.
JP61088906A 1986-04-17 1986-04-17 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery Expired - Fee Related JPH0624118B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61088906A JPH0624118B2 (en) 1986-04-17 1986-04-17 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61088906A JPH0624118B2 (en) 1986-04-17 1986-04-17 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS62246263A JPS62246263A (en) 1987-10-27
JPH0624118B2 true JPH0624118B2 (en) 1994-03-30

Family

ID=13955989

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP61088906A Expired - Fee Related JPH0624118B2 (en) 1986-04-17 1986-04-17 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0624118B2 (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS62246263A (en) 1987-10-27

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