Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JPH0628155B2 - Zinc electrode for alkaline storage battery - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JPH0628155B2 - Zinc electrode for alkaline storage battery - Google Patents

Zinc electrode for alkaline storage battery

Info

Publication number
JPH0628155B2
JPH0628155B2 JP60107911A JP10791185A JPH0628155B2 JP H0628155 B2 JPH0628155 B2 JP H0628155B2 JP 60107911 A JP60107911 A JP 60107911A JP 10791185 A JP10791185 A JP 10791185A JP H0628155 B2 JPH0628155 B2 JP H0628155B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
zinc
zinc electrode
electrode
indium
storage battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP60107911A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS61267266A (en
Inventor
修弘 古川
健次 井上
光造 野上
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP60107911A priority Critical patent/JPH0628155B2/en
Publication of JPS61267266A publication Critical patent/JPS61267266A/en
Publication of JPH0628155B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0628155B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/42Alloys based on zinc
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〈産業上の利用分野〉 この発明はアリカリ蓄電池用亜鉛極に関し、詳しくは、
ニッケル−亜鉛蓄電池や銀−亜鉛蓄電池等のアルカリ蓄
電池の陰極として用いられる亜鉛極に関するものであ
る。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial field of application> The present invention relates to a zinc electrode for alkaline storage batteries, and
The present invention relates to a zinc electrode used as a cathode of an alkaline storage battery such as a nickel-zinc storage battery or a silver-zinc storage battery.

〈従来の技術〉 上記の如きアルカリ蓄電池において亜鉛極の陰極活物質
として用いられる亜鉛は、単位重量あたりのエネルギー
密度が大きく且つ安価である等といった利点を有する反
面、放電時に亜鉛がアルカリ電解液に溶出して生じた亜
鉛酸イオンが充電時に亜鉛極表面に樹枝状あるいは海綿
状亜鉛となって電析し成長するので、充放電を繰り返す
と、この電析亜鉛がセパレータを貫通し対極に接触して
内部短絡を引き起こしたり、亜鉛極形状変化に伴って電
池容量が低下するため電池のサイクル寿命が短くなると
いう不都合がある。
<Prior Art> Zinc used as the cathode active material of the zinc electrode in the alkaline storage battery as described above has the advantage that the energy density per unit weight is large and inexpensive, but on the other hand, zinc becomes an alkaline electrolyte during discharge. The zincate ions generated by elution grow as dendritic or spongy zinc on the surface of the zinc electrode during charging and grow.Therefore, when charging and discharging are repeated, this electrodeposited zinc penetrates the separator and contacts the counter electrode. There is an inconvenience that the cycle life of the battery is shortened because an internal short circuit is caused and the battery capacity is reduced due to the change of the zinc electrode shape.

この電析亜鉛に起因する不都合に対処し、電池のサイク
ル寿命を改善するため、アルカリ電解液量を規制して亜
鉛酸イオンの拡散防止を図ったり、各種の金属あるいは
その酸化物等を亜鉛活物質中あるいは電解液中に添加し
含有させることが提案されている。このような金属酸化
物等としては、例えば特公昭51-32365号公報に開示され
ている如き金属インジウム,酸化インジウム、あるいは
水酸化インジウム等が挙げられる。これらの金属酸化物
等は、亜鉛の水素過電圧を高めて樹枝状あるいは海綿状
亜鉛の成長を防止すると共に、結晶を緻密にして亜鉛活
物質の形状を保持するという機能があり、電池長寿命化
に寄与してきた。
In order to deal with this inconvenience caused by electrodeposited zinc and improve the cycle life of the battery, the amount of alkaline electrolyte is regulated to prevent the diffusion of zincate ions, and various metals or oxides of zinc are activated. It has been proposed to add it to a substance or an electrolytic solution to contain it. Examples of such metal oxides include metal indium, indium oxide, indium hydroxide and the like as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-32365. These metal oxides have the function of increasing the hydrogen overvoltage of zinc, preventing the growth of dendritic or spongy zinc, and making the crystals dense to maintain the shape of the zinc active material, which prolongs battery life. Have contributed to.

〈発明が解決しようとする問題点〉 しかしながら、本発明者の研究によれば、上記の如き金
属酸化物等を含有させた場合、長期にわたる充放電サイ
クルを経過すると亜鉛の結晶化が進み、粒子が粗大化し
て亜鉛極の多孔度が失われてくるため、放電容量が低下
するという現象がみられ、これが電池寿命低下の一因と
なるという問題点があることが判った。
<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> However, according to the study of the present inventors, when the metal oxides as described above are contained, crystallization of zinc proceeds after a long charge / discharge cycle, and particles are formed. It has been found that the phenomenon in which the discharge capacity decreases due to the coarsening of the zinc electrode and the loss of the porosity of the zinc electrode, which contributes to a decrease in the battery life.

〈問題点を解決するための手段〉 本発明者は前述の如き金属インジウムあるいは水酸化イ
ンジウムなどのインジウム化合物を含有する亜鉛極に於
いても充分に抑制できなかった充放電サイクル進行に伴
う亜鉛の結晶粗大化に起因する容量劣化を、これら金属
インジウムあるいはインジウム化合物に加えて無水ケイ
酸を亜鉛極に含有させることによって更に抑制できるこ
とを知得して本発明を完成するに至ったものである。
<Means for Solving Problems> The inventors of the present invention were unable to sufficiently suppress zinc in the zinc electrode containing an indium compound such as metal indium or indium hydroxide as described above. The present inventors have completed the present invention by knowing that capacity deterioration due to crystal coarsening can be further suppressed by containing silicic acid anhydride in the zinc electrode in addition to these metal indium or indium compound.

即ち、この発明のアルカリ地電池用亜鉛極は、亜鉛活物
質に、金属インジウムあるいはインジウム化合物、及び
無水ケイ酸を含有させてなるとを要旨とする。
That is, the gist of the zinc electrode for an alkaline earth battery of the present invention is that the zinc active material contains metallic indium or an indium compound, and silicic acid anhydride.

尚、インジウム化合物としては、酸化インジウム,水酸
化インジウム等が挙げられる。
Examples of the indium compound include indium oxide and indium hydroxide.

〈作 用〉 上記無水ケイ酸はアルカリ電解液、例えば苛性ソーダ溶
液中で溶解し、SiO 2-,Si 2-等の溶解種と
して存在する。
<Operation> The above silicic acid anhydride is dissolved in an alkaline electrolyte, for example, a caustic soda solution, and exists as dissolved species such as SiO 3 2− and Si 2 O 5 2− .

ところで、亜鉛極の放電反応は物質収支のみで記すと次
式のように表わせる。
By the way, the discharge reaction of the zinc electrode can be expressed by the following equation if it is described only by the mass balance.

Zn+2OH→ZnO+HO+2e 上記反応式で示されているように、放電反応では水酸イ
オンOHが消費されるので、亜鉛極において放電が進
行している部位では局所的に pHが下がり、このため、
ケイ酸の上記溶解種は、KSiO・(HO)
Si・(HO)等で示される形のケイ酸
塩水和物で析出し、放電生成物中に取り囲まれるものと
考えられる。
Zn + 2OH → ZnO + H 2 O + 2e As shown in the above reaction formula, since the hydroxide ion OH is consumed in the discharge reaction, the pH is locally reduced at the part of the zinc electrode where the discharge is progressing, For this reason,
The above-mentioned dissolved species of silicic acid is K 2 SiO 3. (H 2 O) m ,
It is considered that it is precipitated by a hydrated silicate in the form represented by K 2 Si 2 O 5. (H 2 O) m and is surrounded by the discharge product.

一方、亜鉛極充電反応は次式 ZnO+HO+2e→Zn+2OH で示される反応であるが、この時、上記ケイ酸塩水和物
がこの充電反応に関与してケイ酸塩水和物中の結晶水が
反応に使われるものと考えられる。そして、このように
放電生成物中に水分子が多く存在すると、上記充電反応
式からも明らかなように、亜鉛極の充電反応は容易且つ
極くスムーズに進行し、この結果として、充放電サイク
ルの進行に伴う亜鉛結晶の粗大化が緩和され、必要充分
な多孔度が長期に亘って保たれる。
On the other hand, the zinc electrode charging reaction is a reaction represented by the following formula: ZnO + H 2 O + 2e → Zn + 2OH . At this time, the silicate hydrate participates in this charging reaction and crystal water in the silicate hydrate is involved. Is believed to be used in the reaction. When a large amount of water molecules are present in the discharge product, the charge reaction of the zinc electrode proceeds easily and extremely smoothly, as is clear from the above charge reaction formula. The coarsening of the zinc crystal due to the progress of is reduced, and the necessary and sufficient porosity is maintained for a long time.

尚、無水ケイ酸に代えてアルカリ土類金属のケイ酸塩を
亜鉛極に含有させることも考えられるが、アルカリ土類
金属のケイ酸塩は電解液を保持して電極性能向上に寄与
するものの、不溶性であることから、無水ケイ酸のよう
にアルカリ電解液中に溶解し、充電反応に関与して放電
生成物中に取り囲まれて上記の如き格別の作用をするこ
とはない。つまり、本発明のように無水ケイ酸塩を用い
ることにより、分子レベルで作用して水の分子が活物質
中に取り込まれるので、活物質の充電反応がより有効に
促進される。また、このように活物質に水の分子が取り
込まれることにより、活物質は充電し難い結晶である緻
密な結晶になりにくくなり、結果として亜鉛極の充放電
反応かより一層均一且つ深く進行して亜鉛極の劣化を抑
えることができる。
Although it is possible to include an alkaline earth metal silicate in the zinc electrode in place of silicic acid anhydride, the alkaline earth metal silicate retains the electrolytic solution and contributes to the improvement of the electrode performance. Since it is insoluble, it does not dissolve in an alkaline electrolytic solution like silicic acid anhydride, participates in a charging reaction, and is surrounded by a discharge product and does not have the above-mentioned special action. That is, by using anhydrous silicate as in the present invention, water molecules are incorporated into the active material by acting at the molecular level, so that the charging reaction of the active material is promoted more effectively. In addition, by incorporating water molecules into the active material in this manner, the active material is less likely to be a dense crystal that is a crystal that is difficult to charge, and as a result, the charge / discharge reaction of the zinc electrode proceeds more uniformly and deeply. The deterioration of the zinc electrode can be suppressed.

また、金属インジウムあるいはインジウム化合物は充電
の際の金属亜鉛が生成する時の核となり、緻密な亜鉛結
晶を作る作用があり、無水ケイ酸と共に亜鉛極に含有さ
せると、無水ケイ酸との騒擾効果により充放電を繰返し
た際亜鉛結晶の形状変化をより一層抑制する。
In addition, metallic indium or indium compound serves as a nucleus when metallic zinc is generated during charging, and has an action of forming a dense zinc crystal. When contained in a zinc electrode together with anhydrous silicic acid, it has a disturbing effect with anhydrous silicic acid. This further suppresses the change in shape of zinc crystals when charging and discharging are repeated.

以上の理由により、金属インジウムあるいはインジウム
化合物、及び無水ケイ酸を併用して亜鉛活物質中に添加
することにより、長期にわたる充放電サイクルに対して
も電極活物質の形状変化が少なく、且つ、電解液の経路
である多孔度が十分に保たれるような亜鉛極を得ること
ができる訳である。
For the above reasons, by adding metal indium or an indium compound and silicic acid anhydride together in the zinc active material, the shape change of the electrode active material is small even during a long-term charge / discharge cycle, and the electrolytic That is, it is possible to obtain a zinc electrode in which the porosity, which is the route of the liquid, is sufficiently maintained.

〈実施例〉 酸化亜鉛末、金属亜鉛粉末等の亜鉛活物質に添加剤であ
る水酸化インジウムおよび無水ケイ酸を下表に示す割合
で混合して粉末A(本発明品)を作成した。同様にし
て、無水ケイ酸を含ませず他物質を下表に示す割合で混
合して粉末B(従来品)、あるいは水酸化インジウムを
含ませず他物質を下表に示す割合で混合して粉末C(比
較例)をそれぞれ作成した。
<Example> Powder A (product of the present invention) was prepared by mixing zinc active material such as zinc oxide powder, metallic zinc powder and the like with the additive indium hydroxide and silicic acid anhydride in the proportions shown in the following table. Similarly, other substances were mixed in the ratio shown in the table below without containing silicic acid anhydride, and powder B (conventional product) or other substances containing no indium hydroxide were mixed in the ratio shown in the table below. Powder C (comparative example) was prepared.

次に、これらの粉末A〜Cにそれぞれ結着剤であるPT
FE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)ディスパージョン
と水とを加え混練し、ローラによりシート状に形成した
後、集電体である銅鋼の両面に圧着し、加圧成形し乾燥
させて亜鉛極を作成した。このようにして得た亜鉛極と
公知の焼結式ニッケル極とを組合せ、巻き取りを行な
い、酸化亜鉛で飽和させた30%水酸化カリウム溶液の
電解液として注液し、公称容量1800mAh の円筒型ニッケ
ル亜鉛蓄電池(本発明品I,従来品II,比較品III)を
各々作成した。
Next, these powders A to C are respectively bound to PT which is a binder.
FE (polytetrafluoroethylene) dispersion and water are added and kneaded, and after being formed into a sheet by rollers, they are pressure-bonded to both sides of copper steel as a current collector, pressure-molded and dried to form a zinc electrode. did. The zinc electrode thus obtained was combined with a known sintered nickel electrode, which was wound up and poured as an electrolytic solution of a 30% potassium hydroxide solution saturated with zinc oxide, and a cylinder having a nominal capacity of 1800 mAh. Type nickel-zinc storage batteries (invention product I, conventional product II, comparative product III) were prepared.

そして、これらの電池について、450mA で5時間充電
し、その後直ちに450mA で電池端子電圧が 1.3Vに達す
るまで放電するという一連のサイクルテストを、電池放
電時間が3時間を切るところまでに電池容量が低下する
まで連続して行なった。このテスト結果は添付図面に示
す通りであり、本発明品Iは従来品II等に較べてそのサ
イクル特性が大幅に改善されていることがわかる。
These batteries were then charged for 5 hours at 450mA and then immediately discharged at 450mA until the battery terminal voltage reached 1.3V. A series of cycle tests showed that the battery capacity reached the point where the battery discharge time was less than 3 hours. It carried out continuously until it fell. The results of this test are as shown in the attached drawings, and it can be seen that the product I of the present invention has significantly improved cycle characteristics as compared with the product II of the related art.

〈発明の効果〉 以上のように構成されるこの発明のアルカリ地電池用亜
鉛極は、長期の充放電サイクルに亘って亜鉛活物質の結
晶化及び粗大化を防ぎ、結晶化及び粗大化に起因する容
量低下が少ない。このため、放電容量を長期に亘り保持
することができて電池のサイクル特性向上に寄与するこ
とができるという効果を奏する。
<Effect of the Invention> The zinc electrode for an alkaline earth battery of the present invention configured as described above prevents crystallization and coarsening of the zinc active material over a long-term charge / discharge cycle, and is caused by crystallization and coarsening. There is little decrease in capacity. Therefore, it is possible to maintain the discharge capacity for a long period of time and contribute to improving the cycle characteristics of the battery.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

図面は本発明の実施例,従来例,あるいは比較例を用い
たニッケル亜鉛蓄電池のサイクル−電池容量特性をそれ
ぞれ示したグラフである。
The drawings are graphs showing cycle-battery capacity characteristics of nickel-zinc storage batteries using the examples of the present invention, conventional examples, or comparative examples.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】亜鉛活物質に、金属インジウムあるいはイ
ンジウム化合物、及び無水ケイ酸を含有させてなること
を特徴とするアルカリ蓄電池用亜鉛極。
1. A zinc electrode for an alkaline storage battery, comprising a zinc active material containing metallic indium or an indium compound, and silicic acid anhydride.
JP60107911A 1985-05-20 1985-05-20 Zinc electrode for alkaline storage battery Expired - Lifetime JPH0628155B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60107911A JPH0628155B2 (en) 1985-05-20 1985-05-20 Zinc electrode for alkaline storage battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60107911A JPH0628155B2 (en) 1985-05-20 1985-05-20 Zinc electrode for alkaline storage battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS61267266A JPS61267266A (en) 1986-11-26
JPH0628155B2 true JPH0628155B2 (en) 1994-04-13

Family

ID=14471182

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP60107911A Expired - Lifetime JPH0628155B2 (en) 1985-05-20 1985-05-20 Zinc electrode for alkaline storage battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0628155B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5626988A (en) * 1994-05-06 1997-05-06 Battery Technologies Inc. Sealed rechargeable cells containing mercury-free zinc anodes, and a method of manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS61267266A (en) 1986-11-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2014214909B2 (en) Process for forming a battery containing an iron electrode
JP4049811B2 (en) Primary electrochemical cell
JPH09237630A (en) Active material for alkaline storage battery and positive electrode
US12027693B2 (en) Method for production by aqueous route of a zinc electrode
WO1999017388A1 (en) Nickel-hydrogen storage battery
JPH0628155B2 (en) Zinc electrode for alkaline storage battery
JP3788484B2 (en) Nickel electrode for alkaline storage battery
JP3311454B2 (en) Alkaline zinc secondary battery
JP2000058046A (en) Anode plate for lead-acid battery
JP2871065B2 (en) Metal oxide-hydrogen storage battery
JP2627336B2 (en) Metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery
JPH09199119A (en) Alkaline storage battery
JPS6089068A (en) Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
JP2538303B2 (en) Zinc electrode for alkaline storage battery
JPH10172559A (en) Nickel active material for alkaline storage battery and method for producing the same
JPS60225372A (en) Alkaline zinc storage battery
JPH0619985B2 (en) Cathode for alkaline storage battery
JP2002110219A (en) Lead-acid battery
JPH0711957B2 (en) Non-aqueous secondary battery
JPH09219214A (en) Alkaline storage battery
JPH05217580A (en) Nickel electrode for alkaline storage battery
JPS58178956A (en) Zinc electrode for alkaline storage battery
JPS58163160A (en) Alkaline zinc storage battery
JPS6352745B2 (en)
JPH01117279A (en) Lead-acid battery

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term