JPH0629835B2 - Automatic hardness measuring device - Google Patents
Automatic hardness measuring deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0629835B2 JPH0629835B2 JP1061341A JP6134189A JPH0629835B2 JP H0629835 B2 JPH0629835 B2 JP H0629835B2 JP 1061341 A JP1061341 A JP 1061341A JP 6134189 A JP6134189 A JP 6134189A JP H0629835 B2 JPH0629835 B2 JP H0629835B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- test piece
- diameter
- recess
- depression
- hardness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は、鉄鋼メーカー等で生産される鋼材の強度評価
方法としての硬度測定に関するものである。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to hardness measurement as a strength evaluation method for steel materials produced by steel makers and the like.
［従来の技術］ 従来、硬度測定は下記の如くである。即ち、まず適当な
寸法の試験片の上下両面を平面に仕上げ、この試験片を
台に載せて試験片の表面を水平にし、試験片に鋼球を軽
く押付け、その後この鋼球を試験片を押圧するための油
圧源の油圧を所定圧まで昇圧し、所定時間その圧力で保
持する。そして、油圧の圧力を徐々に下げて、試験片を
台から取出して、鋼球によって試験片に生じた窪みの直
径を測定する。この窪みの直径ｄを測定するため倍率が
３〜４倍のルーペを用いて行う。[Prior Art] Conventionally, hardness measurement is as follows. That is, first, the upper and lower surfaces of a test piece of appropriate dimensions are finished to be flat surfaces, the test piece is placed on a table to make the surface of the test piece horizontal, a steel ball is lightly pressed against the test piece, and then the steel ball is attached to the test piece. The hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pressure source for pressing is raised to a predetermined pressure and kept at that pressure for a predetermined time. Then, the hydraulic pressure is gradually reduced, the test piece is taken out from the table, and the diameter of the recess formed in the test piece by the steel ball is measured. In order to measure the diameter d of this depression, a magnifying glass having a magnification of 3 to 4 is used.
測定された直径ｄからブリネル硬度は で算出される。From the measured diameter d, the Brinell hardness is It is calculated by.
ここで、ＨＢ＝ブリネル硬度 Ｋｇ／ｍｍ２ Ｐ＝荷重 ｋｇ Ｄ＝鋼球の直径 ｍｍ ｄ＝窪みの直径 ｍｍ ［発明が解決しようとする課題］ 上記のような工程で測定されるブリネル硬度において、
試験片を台に載置することによって鋼球で押圧する所ま
で自動的に搬送され、かつ所定の位置まで自動搬送され
てきた試験片に自動的に鋼球に圧力をかけ、所定時間保
持して試験片に窪みを形成していた。しかしながら、こ
の試験片に形成された窪みの直径あるいは深さの測定は
ルーペやマグネットスケール等で測定し、ブリネル硬度
を算出していた。そのため、測定者による測定誤差が生
じ精度の良い測定が困難であり、かつ測定に要する時間
も長いという問題点がある。Here, HB = Brinell hardness Kg / mm 2 P = load kg D = diameter of steel ball mm d = diameter of depression mm [Problems to be solved by the invention] In the Brinell hardness measured by the above-mentioned steps,
By placing the test piece on the table, it is automatically conveyed to the place where it is pressed by the steel ball, and the test piece that has been automatically conveyed to the predetermined position automatically applies pressure to the steel ball and holds it for a predetermined time. Formed a depression in the test piece. However, the diameter or depth of the depression formed in this test piece was measured with a loupe, a magnet scale, or the like to calculate the Brinell hardness. Therefore, there is a problem that a measurement error occurs by a measurer, and it is difficult to perform accurate measurement, and the time required for measurement is long.
そこで、本発明はかかる不都合を解消する測定装置を提
供することである。Then, this invention is providing the measuring apparatus which eliminates such an inconvenience.
［課題を解決するための手段］ 鋼球を試験片に押付けた際に形成される窪みの直径を測
定して試験片の硬度を求める硬度の自動測定装置におい
て、前記試験片の窪みの上部に配置され、光源と十字ス
リットのレンズからなる第１投光器で前記窪みを照明
し、該十字を映像を形成した前記窪みを読み取るカメラ
を設置し、読み取った前記窪みの画像の前記十字線と前
記窪みの周円との交点から前記窪みの直径を算出し、か
つ、第２投光器より前記試験片を照射し、その反射光を
受光するための位置検出器を移動させ、該位置検出器の
前記反射光を受光した位置により前記算出した窪みの直
径を補正し、該補正後の直径により前記試験片の硬度を
求めることを特徴とする硬度の自動測定装置である。[Means for Solving the Problems] In an automatic hardness measuring device for determining the hardness of a test piece by measuring the diameter of the depression formed when a steel ball is pressed against the test piece, A camera for illuminating the depression with a first light projector, which is arranged and includes a light source and a lens having a cross slit, and which reads the depression forming an image of the cross is installed, and the cross line and the depression of the image of the read depression. The diameter of the recess is calculated from the intersection point with the circumference circle of the position, and the test piece is irradiated from the second light projector, and the position detector for receiving the reflected light is moved, and the reflection of the position detector is performed. It is an automatic hardness measuring device characterized in that the calculated diameter of the recess is corrected according to the position where the light is received, and the hardness of the test piece is obtained from the corrected diameter.
［作用］ 上述の本発明の構成によれば、試験片に形成された窪み
に十字の映像を形成し、その像をカメラで読み取って、
読み取った前記窪みの画像の前記十字線と前記窪みの円
周との交点から前記窪みの直径を算出している。更に、
試験片の厚さによる測定差を解消するために、第２投光
器によって試験片を照射し、その反射光を受光する位置
検出器の移動した位置により前記直径を補正し、この補
正値から試験片の硬度を算出している。[Operation] According to the above-described configuration of the present invention, a cross image is formed in the depression formed in the test piece, the image is read by the camera,
The diameter of the depression is calculated from the intersection of the cross line of the read image of the depression and the circumference of the depression. Furthermore,
In order to eliminate the measurement difference due to the thickness of the test piece, the test piece is irradiated by the second projector, the diameter is corrected by the moved position of the position detector that receives the reflected light, and the test piece is calculated from this correction value. The hardness of is calculated.
［実施例］ 本実施例を第１図及び第２図に基づいて説明する。第１
図は本実施例の全体概念図である。[Embodiment] This embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. First
The figure is an overall conceptual diagram of the present embodiment.
第１図において、２０は第１投光器であり、２１はカメ
ラである。鋼球で窪み３を形成された試験片２は台１に
水平に載置された状態で図示しないパルスモータで窪み
３が第１投光器２０の下部に位置するように搬送され
る。窪み３を照明する第１投光器２０は光源２５とその
下部に配置されているコリメータレンズ２６、集光レン
ズ２７及び対物レンズ２８より構成されていて、窪みに
３に十字の光影を形成するためコリメータレンズ２６と
集光レンズ２７との間には十字のセリット３０が挿入さ
れている。In FIG. 1, 20 is a first light projector, and 21 is a camera. The test piece 2 having the depression 3 formed of a steel ball is horizontally placed on the table 1 and is conveyed by a pulse motor (not shown) so that the depression 3 is positioned below the first floodlight 20. The first light projector 20 for illuminating the depression 3 is composed of a light source 25 and a collimator lens 26, a condenser lens 27 and an objective lens 28 arranged below the light source 25. The collimator 3 forms a cross shadow in the depression 3. A cross-shaped serrit 30 is inserted between the lens 26 and the condenser lens 27.
又、第１投光器２０で証明されている窪み３の像を撮る
ため斜め左上にカメラ２１が設置され、カメラで撮った
映像は図示しないＣＲＴ上に写し出される。Further, a camera 21 is installed diagonally to the upper left in order to take an image of the depression 3 certified by the first projector 20, and the image taken by the camera is displayed on a CRT (not shown).
第１投光器２０の側部に取付けられているレーザー光源
を有する第２投光器３２は試験片２上に照射角θ゜で照
射し、一方試験片２で反射する光線を受光するため位置
検出器３５が設けられ、この位置検出器３５は第１図に
示す第２投光器３２の試験片２への照射角θ゜と平行で
あるＺ−Ｚ方向に移動可能に取付けられていて、試験片
２の厚みに対応して第２投光器３２からの光線を受光で
きるように構成されている。A second light projector 32 having a laser light source mounted on the side of the first light projector 20 illuminates the test piece 2 at an irradiation angle θ °, while receiving a light beam reflected by the test piece 2 to detect a position detector 35. The position detector 35 is attached so as to be movable in the ZZ direction parallel to the irradiation angle θ ° of the second projector 32 shown in FIG. It is configured to be able to receive the light beam from the second light projector 32 according to the thickness.
上記の構成に基づいて試験片のブリネル硬度の測定方法
について説明する。A method for measuring the Brinell hardness of the test piece will be described based on the above configuration.
第１投光器２０で証明される試験片２の窪み３はカメラ
２１で撮られて図示しない処理装置を介して第２図に示
す図がＣＲＴ上に得られる。この第２図において、４０
は窪み３の周円であり、４１はスリット３０に形成され
た十字である。そこで周円４０と十字線４１との交点を
それぞれＡ、Ｂ、Ｃとして三角形Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃを形成し、
交点Ａ、Ｂ間の辺長をｃ、交点Ｂ、Ｃ間の辺長をａ、交
点Ｃ、Ａ間の辺長をｂとする。The depression 3 of the test piece 2 which is proved by the first light projector 20 is photographed by the camera 21 and the diagram shown in FIG. 2 is obtained on the CRT through the processing device (not shown). In FIG. 2, 40
Is a circumferential circle of the depression 3, and 41 is a cross formed in the slit 30. Therefore, the triangles A, B, and C are formed with the intersection points of the circumferential circle 40 and the crosshair 41 as A, B, and C, respectively.
The side length between the intersections A and B is c, the side length between the intersections B and C is a, and the side length between the intersections C and A is b.
又、交点Ａの角度をα、交点Ｂの角度をβ、交点Ｃの角
度をγとして処理装置内で演算して上記の各値を求め、
下記の式により窪みの半径を求める。Further, the angle of the intersection point A is α, the angle of the intersection point B is β, the angle of the intersection point C is γ, and the above values are obtained by calculation in the processing device.
Calculate the radius of the depression by the following formula.
これら、ｒ１、ｒ２、ｒ３の値の平均値としての窪みの
半径をｒ＝（ｒ１＋ｒ２＋ｒ３）／３として直径ｄ′
（＝２ｒ）を求める。 The radius d of the depression as the average value of these r1, r2, and r3 is r = (r1 + r2 + r3) / 3, and the diameter d '
(= 2r) is calculated.
次に、この求まった直径ｄ′の補正値を求める。即ち、
試験辺２の厚みが異なることによって第１図に示す対物
レンズ２８と試験片２の表面間の距離Ｌが異なり、カメ
ラ２１に撮られる窪みの直径が実際の直径と異なる。即
ち、試験片２の厚みに対する補正をする必要がある。そ
のために、第２投光器３２より照射された光線を位置検
出器３５のＺ−Ｚ軸方向に移動して受光した位置、即ち
対物レンズ２８と試験片３の表面間の距離Ｌに対する補
正値εを予め求めておき、上記で求めた直径ｄ′にこの
補正値を掛けることによって実際の窪みの直径ｄ（ｄ′
×ε）を求める。この求めた窪みの直径ｄから試験片の
ブリネル硬度を の式で求める。なお［ＨＢ］はブリネル硬さ（ｋｇ／ｍ
ｍ２）、Ｐは荷重（ｋｇ）、Ｄは鋼球の直径（ｍｍ）、
ｄは窪みの直径（ｍｍ）である。Next, a correction value for the obtained diameter d'is obtained. That is,
Since the thickness of the test side 2 is different, the distance L between the objective lens 28 and the surface of the test piece 2 shown in FIG. 1 is different, and the diameter of the hollow imaged by the camera 21 is different from the actual diameter. That is, it is necessary to correct the thickness of the test piece 2. Therefore, the correction value ε for the position L where the light beam emitted from the second light projector 32 is moved and received in the ZZ axis direction of the position detector 35, that is, the distance L between the objective lens 28 and the surface of the test piece 3. The diameter d'determined in advance is multiplied by this correction value to obtain the actual diameter d (d '
X ε) is calculated. The Brinell hardness of the test piece can be calculated from the diameter d of the obtained depression. Calculate with the formula. [HB] is the Brinell hardness (kg / m
m 2 ), P is the load (kg), D is the diameter of the steel ball (mm),
d is the diameter (mm) of the depression.
［発明の効果］ 以上詳細に説明したように本発明に係わる硬度の自動測
定装置によれば、試験片の窪みを自動的に正確に測定で
きる。更に、試験片の厚さによる測定誤差を補正するこ
とができるので、試験片の厚さの如何にかかわらず、試
験片の硬度を正確に測定できる。[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail above, according to the automatic hardness measuring apparatus of the present invention, the depression of the test piece can be automatically and accurately measured. Furthermore, since the measurement error due to the thickness of the test piece can be corrected, the hardness of the test piece can be accurately measured regardless of the thickness of the test piece.
第１図及び第２図は実施例を示す図であって、第１図は
実施例を示す全体図、第２図はカメラで撮った窪みの図
である。 ２０……第１投光器 ２１……カメラ ３２……第２投光器 ３５……位置検出器1 and 2 are views showing an embodiment, FIG. 1 is an overall view showing the embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a view of a dent taken by a camera. 20 ... First light projector 21 ... Camera 32 ... Second light projector 35 ... Position detector
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭63−6404（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特公 昭47−12715（ＪＰ，Ｂ１) 特公 昭59−18651（ＪＰ，Ｂ２) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP 636404 (JP, A) JP 47-12715 (JP, B1) JP 59-18651 (JP, B2)
Claims (1)
みの直径を測定して試験片の硬度を求める硬度の自動測
定装置において、前記試験片の窪みの上部に配置され、
光源と十字スリットとレンズからなる第１投光器で前記
窪みを照明し、該十字の映像を形成した前記窪みを読み
取るカメラを設置し、読み取った前記窪みの画像の前記
十字線と前記窪みの周円との交点から前記窪みの直径を
算出し、かつ第２投光器より前記試験片を照射し、その
反射光を受光するための位置検出器を移動させ、該位置
検出器の前記反射光を受光した位置により前記算出した
窪みの直径を補正し、該補正後の直径により前記試験片
の硬度を求めることを特徴とする硬度の自動測定装置。1. An automatic hardness measuring apparatus for determining the hardness of a test piece by measuring the diameter of the recess formed when a steel ball is pressed against the test piece, the hardness measuring device being arranged above the recess of the test piece.
A camera for illuminating the recess with a first light projector including a light source, a cross slit, and a lens, and reading the recess forming the image of the cross is installed, and the cross line of the read image of the recess and the circumference of the recess. The diameter of the recess is calculated from the intersection point with, and the test piece is irradiated from the second projector, the position detector for receiving the reflected light is moved, and the reflected light of the position detector is received. An automatic hardness measuring device characterized in that the calculated diameter of the recess is corrected by the position, and the hardness of the test piece is determined by the corrected diameter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1061341A JPH0629835B2 (en) | 1989-03-14 | 1989-03-14 | Automatic hardness measuring device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1061341A JPH0629835B2 (en) | 1989-03-14 | 1989-03-14 | Automatic hardness measuring device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02240542A JPH02240542A (en) | 1990-09-25 |
| JPH0629835B2 true JPH0629835B2 (en) | 1994-04-20 |
Family
ID=13168333
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1061341A Expired - Lifetime JPH0629835B2 (en) | 1989-03-14 | 1989-03-14 | Automatic hardness measuring device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0629835B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103900920A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-02 | 国家电网公司 | Cylindrical workpiece Brinell hardness number acquiring method |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5918651A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1984-01-31 | Toshiba Corp | Manufacture of semiconductor wafer |
| JPS636404A (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1988-01-12 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Method and device for measuring penetration degree and tension degree |
-
1989
- 1989-03-14 JP JP1061341A patent/JPH0629835B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103900920A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-02 | 国家电网公司 | Cylindrical workpiece Brinell hardness number acquiring method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02240542A (en) | 1990-09-25 |
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