JPH0630791B2 - Human waste processing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method and a device for treating human waste by combining an activated sludge treatment method and an ultrafiltration method.

[Prior art]

A conventional activated sludge treatment method for treating human waste containing a large amount of organic substances, for example, a method standardized as a low-dilution two-stage activated sludge method is as shown in FIG.

It receives the waste urine to be processed, removes the residue and stores it (reception storage step), dilutes the urine (hereinafter referred to as undiluted solution) to adjust or reduce the load on activated sludge (dilution adjustment step), and dilutes it. The undiluted solution is treated with activated sludge in the activated sludge tank (activated sludge treatment process). In this case, the treatment process has two stages, and includes a first stirring and first aeration process as a first stage and a second stirring and second aeration process as a second stage. Further, the treatment liquid that has undergone the first aeration process is circulated as a circulating liquid in the dilution adjusting process.

Next, the suspension is separated by separating the treatment liquid from the activated sludge treatment step by sedimentation (precipitation separation step, in this case, a part of the sludge that has been separated by precipitation is returned to the dilution adjustment step as return sludge. The other part of the separated sludge is discharged to the outside of the system after dehydration as excess sludge, and the separated liquid is returned to the dilution adjustment step), and a coagulant is added to the precipitation separation treated water to The fine particles are coagulated and precipitated (coagulation separation step, in this case, the sludge coagulated and separated is discharged out of the system after dehydration, and the separated liquid is returned to the dilution adjustment step).

Next, suspended solids are removed (sanding step), dissolved substances are further removed by activated carbon (activated carbon adsorption step), sterilized (disinfection step) and discharged.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

As described above, in the conventional human waste treatment method, many steps are required to satisfy the water quality standard of the discharged water, and a tank or an apparatus for each of these steps is required, so that the following drawbacks occur. is there.

Due to the large number of processes, operation management is complicated and time-consuming.

Since the solid-liquid separation step adopts a precipitation separation step, a coagulation separation step and a sand filtration step, and on the other hand to dilute the stock solution by about 10 times for processing, a treatment device (active sludge treatment tank, sedimentation tank, etc.) ) Becomes larger. Therefore, a relatively large site area and a large construction cost are required. In addition, since the amount of dilution water for diluting the stock solution is large, it is difficult to obtain the dilution water, and the amount of discharged water is large. Even if the concentration of the regulated component in the discharged water satisfies the regulated value, the absolute amount of the regulated component discharged is large. Furthermore, when the activated sludge treatment liquid is subjected to solid-liquid separation using a settling tank, the activated sludge may cause bulking, which may impair operation.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, the number of steps is small, the required site area is small, there is no need to dilute the undiluted solution, it is small and inexpensive, and the concentration and absolute amount of the regulatory component in the discharged water are small. It is intended to provide a urine treatment method and an apparatus therefor, which does not hinder driving due to bulking. Below, based on one embodiment, FIG.
The configuration and operation of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

The human waste treatment method according to the present invention, in each chamber of the first stage activated sludge treatment tank composed of a plurality of chambers, a pre-series treatment step for sequentially treating the supplied night soil with activated sludge, and the preceding stage activated sludge treatment tank The circulation step of circulating the treatment liquid, the supply step of supplying the human waste to be treated to the preceding activated sludge treatment tank, and the activation of the preceding stage in each chamber of the activated sludge treatment tank of the latter stage composed of a plurality of chambers. A post-series treatment step in which the treatment liquid from the sludge treatment tank is sequentially treated with activated sludge, and the treatment liquid from the activated sludge treatment tank in the latter stage is passed through an ultrafiltration device having an ultrafiltration membrane to obtain a liquid and a concentrated liquid. The concentrated liquid is returned to the activated sludge treatment tanks in the preceding stage and the latter stage, and the other part of the concentrated liquid is recovered as excess sludge, and the liquid is part of the concentrated sludge treatment tank in the latter stage. And return the other part of the liquid to the And a degree.

The human waste treatment device according to the present invention comprises a plurality of chambers,
A pre-stage activated sludge treatment tank for sequentially treating human waste in each room with activated sludge, a circulation means for circulating the treatment liquid in the pre-stage activated sludge treatment tank, and a supply means for supplying urine to the pre-stage activated sludge treatment tank And a plurality of chambers, which limit the treatment liquid from the latter-stage activated sludge treatment tank and the latter-stage activated sludge treatment tank that sequentially treat the treatment liquid from the preceding-stage activated sludge treatment tank in each chamber. After passing through the outer membrane, it is separated into a liquid and a concentrated liquid, a part of the concentrated liquid is returned to the activated sludge treatment tanks in the preceding stage and the latter stage, and the other part of the concentrated liquid is recovered as excess sludge, and the liquid is An ultrafiltration device for returning a part of the liquid to the latter-stage treatment tank and discharging the other part of the liquid as discharged water is provided.

〔Example〕

First, in FIG. 1, human waste collected by a vacuum car or the like (hereinafter referred to as undiluted solution) is received in the receiving tank 4, and the relatively large sand, stones, etc. contained in the undiluted solution in the receiving tank 4 are removed by sedimentation. To be done. The receiving tank 4 is connected to the storage tank 8 via a screen 10 and a fine screen 12. A screen with an opening of 0.2 mm is used as the fine mesh screen 12, and the screen 10 and the fine mesh screen 1 are used.
By passing through 2, the relatively fine solids in the stock solution are removed. The stock solution that has passed through each screen is stored in the storage tank 8. In the storage tank 8, the concentration of the stock solution can be made uniform.

Prior to supplying the stock solution to the pretreatment tank 18, it is preferable to remove the insoluble solid matter (residue) from the stock solution in order to reduce the load on the activated sludge and protect the limiting membrane. In this case, the stock solution is passed through the screen to remove the residue, but it is preferable to use a screen having a large opening and a screen having a small opening in combination. As a screen having a small opening, it is preferable to use a fine screen having an opening of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm in order to remove relatively fine solid matter.

Targets for human waste include, for example, collected human urine (BOD13,500m
g / around), human waste septic tank sludge (BOD 7,000 mg / around), human urine digester desorbed liquid (BOD 2,400 mg / around), etc.

The storage tank 8 is a stock solution feed pump 14 that constitutes the supply means 3.
Connected to the activated sludge treatment tank 16 and the undiluted solution is sent as it is (without being substantially diluted) to the activated sludge treatment tank 16 by the pump 14 at 300 / day (Q).

The activated sludge treatment tank 16 has seven chambers (16A, 16B, 1
6C, 16D, 16E, 16F, 16G).

The processing tank 16 includes a first-stage processing tank 18 from the first chamber 16A to the fourth chamber 16D into which the stock solution flows, and a second-stage processing tank 20 from the fifth chamber 16E to the seventh chamber 16G to flow the processing solution.
It is divided into and.

Each chamber has a partition wall extending upward from the bottom so that the level of the processing liquid in each chamber is sequentially from the first chamber 16A to the seventh chamber 16
It is divided along G so as to be lowered stepwise. Therefore, the processing liquid sequentially moves from the first chamber 16A to the seventh chamber 16G due to overflow. The pretreatment tank 18 may be divided into any number of chambers, such as three or four, as long as it is divided into a plurality of chambers.

As a modified example, as shown in FIG.
A first partition wall 17A extending upward from the bottom of the inside as a base end and a second partition wall 17B extending downward from the ceiling of the tank 16 as a base end. Are alternately provided and the second chamber 16B is set to be anaerobic from the first chamber 16A that is set to be aerobic by supplying air to the first chamber 16A, the third chamber 16C and the fifth chamber 16E. To the third chamber 16C and the fifth chamber which are set aerobic from the second chamber 16B and the fourth chamber 16D which are set to be anaerobic
The treatment liquid may flow to the chamber 16E by flowing through the bottom.

Further, the treatment tank 16 may be provided with a defoaming spray 43 as shown in FIG. In other words, the activated sludge treatment tank may be foamed in each room due to high load treatment, and bubbles may overflow and short-circuit to the next and subsequent chambers, which may reduce the treatment efficiency and prevent the generation of bubbles. This is because In this case, the baffle plate 4 is further provided near the overflow portion of the partition plate 46 in each room.
8 may be provided, and the defoaming spray 43 may be provided between the baffle plates. This structure prevents bubbles from flowing into the adjacent chamber.

Returning to FIG. 1, in the pretreatment tank 18, the first chamber 16A
The fourth chamber 16D and the fourth chamber 16D are connected by a circulation pipe 24. The circulation pipe 24 has a circulation pump 22 for circulating a part of the processing liquid in the fourth chamber 16D to the first chamber 16A.
Is intervening. On the other hand, the storage tank 8 is connected to the circulation pipe 24 on the suction side of the circulation pump 22. Therefore, the stock solution from the storage tank 8 is sent to the activated sludge processing tank 16 at a flow rate Q while being mixed with the circulating processing solution.

An aeration injector (trade name: Mitsui-Bayer injector type air diffuser) 26 is provided at the tip of the circulation pipe 24 in the first chamber 16A to introduce air when the mixed solution of the stock solution and the circulating solution is fed. Has been. The circulation pump 22 circulates a maximum of 120Q of the processing liquid. In this embodiment, the circulation is about 40Q.

The undiluted solution sent to the activated sludge tank 16 is
It passes through each chamber while sequentially overflowing from the chamber 16A and reaches the seventh chamber. The aeration device 30, which is normally used to supply air to the second chamber 16B, the third chamber 16C, the fourth chamber 16D, the sixth chamber 16F and the seventh chamber 16G,
31, 32, 36, 38 are installed. These aeration devices are provided with regulators (not shown) for independently adjusting the amount of air supplied. The first chamber 16A and the fifth chamber 16E are maintained in an anaerobic atmosphere, and the second, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh chambers 16B, 16C, 16
D, 16F, and 16G are kept in an aerobic atmosphere.

When the stock solution is supplied to the pre-treatment tank, it is preferable to mix the stock solution with the treatment solution (circulation solution) circulated in the pre-treatment tank.

The line through which the processing liquid circulates is provided with an aeration injector at the tip in the direction in which the processing liquid flows, so in this case air is introduced into the processing liquid, the processing liquid is mixed with air, and aeration air is introduced. And the efficiency of stirring in the room can be improved.

Each room is equipped with an aerator capable of adjusting the amount of air supplied, and by adjusting the amount of air supplied to each room, the atmosphere in each room can be made relatively aerobic or anaerobic. Can be set independently. In this case, for example, the atmosphere of each room can be set to be aerobic and anaerobic alternately.

When the stock solution is supplied to the pretreatment tank, it is not necessary to dilute the stock solution.

When the stock solution is supplied to the pretreatment tank in the supply step,
It is not limited to being supplied to one chamber. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, when the chamber is divided into three or more chambers, the first chamber and the third chamber may be simultaneously supplied. Each chamber of the post-treatment tank 20 may be divided into any number of chambers as long as it is plural, like the pre-treatment tank, and can be independently and independently set to a relatively aerobic or anaerobic atmosphere. It is preferable. Moreover, it is preferable that the last chamber and the penultimate chamber for supplying the treatment liquid in the latter-stage treatment tank to the ultrafiltration device as in this embodiment are set aerobic. In this case, since the anaerobic bacterium having stickiness is not proliferated immediately before the ultrapermea, the deterioration of the overperformance caused by the adherence of these bacteria to the ultrapermea is prevented, and the number of times the membrane is washed is reduced. Can be reduced. An anaerobic chamber and an aerobic chamber are set in the pre-stage tank 18 and the post-stage tank 20 in the treatment tank 16, and the human waste is effectively treated with activated sludge by a combination of the anaerobic atmosphere and the aerobic atmosphere.

The seventh chamber is connected to the ultrafiltration device 42 via a pipe 39 and a circulation pump 40. The ultra pass device 42 includes:
A polyacrylonitrile cut-off ultrafiltration membrane (molecular weight 15,000 to 20,000) (Rhone Poulin Iris) is installed. The treatment liquid is flown through the ultrapermeate membrane in a cross-flow system and separated into a liquid and a concentrated liquid. The ultrafiltration device 42 is connected to the activated carbon layer 44 via the liquid pipe 43 by the ultrafiltration membrane. A liquid return pipe 45 for branching a part of the liquid from the liquid pipe to the seventh chamber is branched. Further, a return pipe 46 for returning the concentrated liquid from the ultrafiltration device 42 to the fourth chamber 16D of the pre-stage tank 16 and the seventh chamber 16G of the post-stage tank 18 is provided. A surplus sludge pipe 48 is branched from the return pipe 46 for discharging the remainder of the concentrated liquid as a surplus sludge to the outside of the system.
A part (Q) of the liquid is discharged as discharged water after removing dissolved substances in the liquid by passing through the activated carbon layer 44, and the other part (about 0.2Q) of the liquid is discharged through the pipe 45 to the seventh position. Returned to chamber 16G.

On the other hand, the concentrated liquid is the fourth chamber 16D of the front layer 18 and the rear layer 20.
Are returned to the seventh chamber 16G at a flow rate of about 10Q and about 60Q, respectively.

As the ultrapermeabilizer, those having a molecular weight cutoff of 10 to 3,000,000 are used.

The liquid from the ultrafiltration membrane is discharged as it is as treated water, but the activated carbon layer 4 is used to remove dissolved substances in the liquid.
Bacteria such as Escherichia coli invading from the outside of the system may be disinfected with chlorine or the like.

A part of the concentrated liquid from the ultrafiltration device is usually in the range of 20Q to 120Q in the front and rear tanks in order to control the activated sludge concentration, activate the sludge, and repeatedly decompose the persistent substance. Will be returned.

The other part (about 0.2Q) of the concentrated liquid from the ultrafiltration device is taken out of the system as excess sludge. The treatment liquid in the second-stage treatment tank (seventh chamber) is supplied to the ultrafiltration device 42, where the treatment liquid is highly concentrated as a concentrated liquid and is repeatedly returned to the front-stage and rear-stage treatment tanks. Degradable organic substances are also repeatedly or long-term decomposed by activated sludge.

In the conventional method, the activated sludge concentration could not be easily increased because it was difficult to control the operation of the sedimentation tank due to the occurrence of bulking of activated sludge and the floating phenomenon, but according to the present invention, the sedimentation tank is not used. Therefore, the activated sludge concentration (MLSS) can be easily increased, and high load and high concentration operation is possible. For example, the conventional activated sludge concentration (MLSS) is 4,000 to 8,0
Although it was 00 mg /, in the present invention 6,000 to 25,000 mg /
Can be set to. In this example, 12,000 to 13,000 mg /
Set to.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned range and can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

The results of human waste treatment according to this example will be described with reference to Table 1.

In the storage tank 8 shown in FIG. 1, the stock solution whose concentration is adjusted to be substantially uniform (not diluted), the solution that has passed through the ultrafiltration membrane, and the discharge water that has passed through the activated carbon layer 44 are collected, and their respective water quality, that is, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), SS (floating solids), COD (chemical oxygen demand), TN (total nitrogen amount), coliform count, and chromaticity were measured. Table 1 shows the measurement results.

As is clear from Table 1, in this example, discharged water with good water quality, which is lower than the conventional value, was obtained.

Of particular note is that both the amount supplied to the activated sludge tank and the discharge amount are 10Q in the conventional method, but the supply amount and the discharge amount are both Q in this example because the undiluted solution is not diluted. , About 1/10 of the conventional one. Therefore, the absolute amount of regulated components released is about 1/10 of the conventional value. The BOD shown in Table 1
Absolute quantities such as are for Q = 300 / day.

〔The invention's effect〕

According to the method and the apparatus of the present invention, the number of steps is small,
It is easy to operate, does not require a large site area, and can be processed urine inexpensively with a small device.

That is, since it is not necessary to dilute the stock solution (since it is not necessary to introduce dilution water from outside the system), the treatment amount and discharge flow rate are both Q (the same as the stock solution supply amount), which is about 1/10 Therefore, even if the concentration of the regulated component in the discharged water is the same as that of the conventional method, the absolute amount of the regulated component in the discharged water is reduced to about 1/10, and each part of the device such as the activated sludge treatment tank, the pump and the piping is Can be small.

Since the ultrafiltration membrane is used, the discharged water is suspended solids (S
S), pathogenic bacteria, dissolved polymer organic matter, and the like can be made to be good water quality.

Further, in general, activated carbon as an adsorbent adsorbs suspended solids (SS), water-soluble organic matter (COD), inorganic salts, phosphate ions, etc. in a liquid, but in this example, it passed through an ultrafiltration membrane. Since the liquid is supplied to the activated carbon layer, suspended solids and high molecular weight organic substances that may cause clogging of the activated carbon layer or deterioration of adsorption performance can be removed in advance by the ultrafiltration membrane. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the target substance can be efficiently removed while maintaining the performance of the activated carbon layer.

Therefore, the conventional settling tank, coagulating settling tank, sand filtration tank, and the processes related thereto are not required, so that the construction cost of the processing apparatus and the site area are greatly reduced, and the operation management becomes easy. For example, generally, in the conventional method, the total volume from the activated sludge treatment tank to the sand filtration tank is 3 with respect to the stock solution amount Q.
It is designed to be about 0Q, but according to the present invention, about 7Q,
That is, the volume can be about 1/4 of that of the conventional method.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a flow pattern of a human waste treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing another example of a treatment tank, and FIG. 3 is a treatment tank according to still another modification. FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view, and FIG. 4 is a process diagram for explaining a conventional human waste treatment method. 3 ... Supply means, 18 ... Pretreatment tank, 20 ... Posttreatment tank, 42 ... Ultrapass device.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor, Koichi Karagawa, 293, Naganuma-cho, Chiba, Chiba 132 (72) Inventor, Hitoshi Yano, 6-24, 4-6, Nishirokugo, Ota-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor, Iwamoto Komei, 3-21 of Kataseyama, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, Japan, (72) Takashi Shimamoto, Takashi Shimamoto, 19-2, Higashikoyodai, Tamano-shi, Okayama, Japan (140) (56) Reference JP-A-56-84697 (JP, A) JP-A-51 -98143 (JP, A) JP 54-96261 (JP, A) JP 54-102056 (JP, A) JP 58-51988 (JP, A) JP 53-62360 (JP, A) ) JP-A-57-99396 (JP, A) JP-B-48-40971 (JP, B1)

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A pre-series treatment step for sequentially treating the supplied night soil with activated sludge in each chamber of a preceding stage activated sludge treatment tank comprising a plurality of chambers, and a treatment liquid in the preceding stage activated sludge treatment tank. And a supply step for supplying the human waste to be treated to the preceding activated sludge treatment tank, and the preceding activated sludge treatment tank in each chamber of the latter activated sludge treatment tank composed of a plurality of chambers The treatment liquid from the above is subjected to a post-series treatment step of sequentially treating the activated sludge, and the treatment liquid from the activated sludge treatment tank of the latter stage is filtered by an ultrafiltration device having an ultrafiltration membrane to separate a filtrate and a concentrated liquid. Then, part of the concentrated liquid is returned to the activated sludge treatment tanks in the preceding and subsequent stages, the other part of the concentrated liquid is recovered as excess sludge, and the filtrate is partially returned to the activated sludge treatment tanks in the latter stage. And the other part of the filtrate is discharged as discharged water ; And a degree, human waste treatment method that holds the second chamber from the last and last bioreactor tank of the subsequent aerobic atmosphere. 2. In the circulation step, the treatment liquid is circulated by a pump, and the human waste to be treated in the supplying step is supplied to the suction side of the pump, and the human waste is mixed with the treatment liquid while the activated sludge in the preceding stage is mixed. The human waste treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the human waste treatment method is supplied to a treatment tank. 3. The treatment liquid in the circulation step is returned to the activated sludge treatment tank in the preceding stage via an aeration injector, and is mixed with air by the aeration injector. The method for treating human waste according to any one of 2 above. 4. The aeration amount of each chamber of the activated sludge treatment tanks of the preceding stage and the latter stage is adjusted by an aeration injector or a diffuser, and each chamber of the activated sludge treatment tanks of the latter stage except the last chamber and the second chamber from the last is The method for treating human waste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is arbitrarily and independently maintained in an aerobic or anaerobic atmosphere. 5. The method for treating human waste according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the human waste to be treated in the supplying step is not diluted. 6. The activated sludge treatment tank in the front and rear stages, wherein the concentration of activated sludge is set to 6,000 mg / to 25,000 mg /, according to claims 1 to 5. Human waste treatment method. 7. A pre-stage activated sludge treatment tank comprising a plurality of chambers for sequentially treating night sewage in each chamber, and a circulation means for circulating the treatment liquid in the pre-stage activated sludge treatment tank.
A supply means for supplying urine to the activated sludge treatment tank of the preceding stage, and a latter stage activated sludge treatment tank configured by a plurality of chambers for sequentially treating the treatment liquid from the activated sludge treatment tank of the preceding stage in each chamber. The treated liquid from the activated sludge treatment tank in the latter stage is filtered by an ultrafiltration membrane to separate into a filtrate and a concentrated liquid, and the concentrated liquid is partially returned to the activated sludge treatment tank in the former and latter stages, and concentrated. The other part of the liquid is collected as excess sludge,
The filtrate is provided with an ultrafiltration device which returns a part of the filtrate to the latter-stage treatment tank and discharges the other part of the filtrate as discharged water, and the last and second chambers from the last of the latter-stage activated sludge treatment tank are Human waste treatment equipment that is kept in an aerobic atmosphere. 8. The circulating means comprises a pump for circulating a treatment liquid, and the supply means comprises a conduit for supplying the sucked urine to be treated to the suction side of the pump, wherein the treated urine to be treated is mixed with the treated liquid. The human waste treatment device according to claim 7, wherein the human waste treatment device is supplied to the activated sludge treatment tank in the preceding stage while being discharged. 9. The circulating means comprises a line for circulating the treatment liquid, and an aeration injector is provided at the tip of the line in the direction in which the treatment liquid flows, when the treatment liquid is returned to the treatment tank at the preceding stage. 9. The human waste treatment device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that it is mixed with air by an aeration injector. 10. An aeration injector or a diffuser capable of adjusting an aeration amount is provided in each chamber of the activated sludge treatment tanks of the preceding stage and the latter stage, and the last and second chambers from the last of the activated sludge treatment tanks of the latter stage are provided. Except for this, each chamber is arbitrarily and independently maintained in an aerobic or anaerobic atmosphere, and the human waste treatment device according to any one of claims 7 to 9. 11. The human waste treatment device according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the human waste to be treated in the supply means is not diluted. 12. The activated sludge concentration in each of the front and rear chambers is 6,000 mg / to 25,000 mg /, according to any one of claims 7 to 11.
The human waste treatment device according to the item.