JPH0635800B2 - Leakage guidance device for tunnel - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water leakage guide device mounted on a side wall of a tunnel that does not freeze in cold regions in winter.

Conventional technology In structures such as the side walls of railways, motorways or tunnels on general roads that have been excavated from the ground, the joints of concrete, vibration due to earthquakes or traveling vehicles, or expansion and contraction of concrete, etc. Water leakage will occur from the cracked part. In order to receive this, a water guide trough is installed along the concrete wall to guide water to a predetermined drain.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention In cold regions in winter, the outside air falls below freezing, so that water leaks from the cracks and the like freeze, resulting in icicles and side ice. In particular, the water conduit attached to these structures freezes, water does not flow by pinching, and further the generation of the side ice progresses.For example, when the structure is a railway tunnel, the wall inside the tunnel, Not only will the tracks and electrical equipment be damaged, but the train's operational safety will be adversely affected. Therefore, deicing requires a great deal of labor and cost. Even in the case of a motorway or a general road, if the water guiding trough freezes, the growth of side ice and icicles easily damages the vehicle and affects pedestrians.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel water leakage guide device capable of smoothly discharging water leakage without freezing.

Means for Solving the Problems According to the present invention, a pair of upwardly opened water receiving gutters 21 extending in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 are arranged at a first angle θ with respect to a horizontal plane so that the mutual proximity ends 30 are lowered. It is fixed to the concrete wall 2 of the tunnel 1 with a slope, and a water guiding gutter 3 for guiding water leakage is arranged from below the proximal end 30. The water guiding gutter 3 is arranged on the concrete wall 2 in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1. A pair of drain corners 7 that are opened and fixed, and a water guide plate 12 that is fixed to both sides of the drain corner 7 at intervals so as to form a water channel 4 from the concrete wall 2 across the drain corners 7, It has a heat insulating material 18 attached to the surface of the water guide plate 12 on the water channel 4 side, and a hollow tube 5 is arranged in the water channel 4, and the tube 5 includes a horizontal tubular portion 15 having a straight tubular shape and a straight tubular shape. Vertical pipe part 1
4 has a configuration in which they are connected to each other at a second angle θ1. The horizontal pipe portion 15 penetrates the concrete wall 2 in a direction substantially normal to the concrete wall 2, and the opening of the horizontal pipe portion 15 is formed. Edge 4
5 is inserted in the soil of the natural ground 6, and in the vertical pipe portion 14, a radiation hole 16 having an axis on a straight line 47 extending in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 orthogonal to the axis 46 of the vertical pipe portion 14, The second angle θ1 is 90 so that the vertical pipe portion 14 is formed on both sides of the vertical pipe portion 14 at intervals along the axis 46 of the vertical pipe portion 14 so that the vertical pipe portion 14 extends upward from the horizontal pipe portion 15 in the water channel 4. This is a tunnel leakage guide device characterized by being selected at an angle exceeding degrees.

Operation According to the present invention, the leaked water collected by the pair of upwardly opened water receiving gutters 21 is provided so that the proximal end 30 becomes lower, and the water leaks from the proximal end 30 through the water guiding gutter 3 to the tunnel 1. Guided downward and discharged, a hollow pipe 5 is arranged in the water channel 4 of the water guiding trough 3, and the horizontal pipe portion 15 of the pipe 5 is
It penetrates through the concrete wall 2 of the tunnel 1 and is inserted into the soil of the natural ground 6. Therefore, the warm air due to the geothermal heat of the natural ground 6 is guided from the horizontal pipe portion 15 to the vertical pipe portion 14, and is introduced into the water channel 4 through the radiation holes 16 formed in the vertical pipe portion 14.
Therefore, the leak does not freeze in the water channel 4.

Embodiment Hereinafter, a water leakage guide device for a tunnel according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to an embodiment.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a railway tunnel equipped with a water leakage guide device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view of a water guiding trough, FIG. 3 is a front view, and FIG. 4 is a water guiding trough. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the main part of the tunnel wall at the place where the slab is provided. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the tunnel wall at an unopened portion, FIG. 8 is a front view showing the relationship between the receiving trough and the water guiding trough, and FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along the line IX-IX in FIG.

In the tunnel 1, there is a concrete jointing part in the longitudinal direction, and along this jointing part, a water receiving gutter 21 with an open upper side is provided as shown in the front view of FIG. 8 to prevent leakage of water from the jointing part. Received by this receiving gutter 21. The water receiving gutter 21 is installed such that a left and right pair having a predetermined length in the lateral direction are close to each other and the length direction thereof is along the tunnel length direction. Each water gutter 21 has a rising portion 22, a bottom portion 23, a partition portion 24 and a mounting portion 25, as shown in the longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 9, and is made of hard vinyl chloride covered with a soft vinyl material. It is fixed to the concrete wall 2 by an anchor bolt 28 and a nut 29 via a caulking material 26 and an elastic waterproof material 27 made of rubber, sponge or the like.

The pair of water receiving gutters 21 are closed at an end plate 31 at an end portion opposite to the side of the proximal end 30 thereof, and leakage water dripping into a water receiving portion 32 composed of a bottom portion 23 and a rising portion 22 is close to the proximal end 30. A gradient of a first angle θ is applied to the horizontal plane so that the water flows to the side, and it becomes a double trough. Therefore, a pair of receiving gutters 21
The water that has flowed to the near end side of is introduced into the water guiding gutter 3 through the gap between the two gutters.

The water conduit 3 has the following structure. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a drain corner 7 made of hard vinyl chloride covered with a soft vinyl material is provided with an anchor bolt 9 via a drain sealer 8 made of an independent foam (foam having discontinuous cells). It is fixed to the concrete wall 2 with a nut 10. These drain corners 7 are composed of a pair of right and left extending vertically along the inner wall surface of concrete, and a water guide plate 12 formed by blending a special acrylic modified resin and vinyl chloride in a groove portion 11 installed opposite to the tip thereof. Is inserted and held in a watertight state.

Since the drain sealer 8 is elastic and does not absorb water, it closely adheres to the uneven surface of the concrete wall 2,
Shut off water.

The drain corner 7 and the water guide plate 12 form a water channel 4 between the drain corner 7 and the inner wall surface of the tunnel.

The water guide 3 is a water guide plate 1 of various standards as required.
By using 2, the width direction is made variable, and a plurality of drain corners 7 and the water guide plate 12 are connected in the length direction for adjustment. At the time of this connection, the drain corner 7 is arranged in a state of abutting in the length direction, and is fixed by the anchor bolt 9 and the nut 10.
In the water guide plate 12, as shown in FIG. 6, the upper part of the water guide plate 12a on the downstream side is projected upward from the top surface of the drain corner 7, and the left and right ends of the projecting portion 12b are obliquely cut to project the protruding portion 12b. Is placed outside and is superposed on the lower part of the upstream water guide plate 12c, and a silicone caulking material is filled in the superposed gap and bonded.

As the water guide trough 3, as shown in FIG. 2, a heat insulating material 18 attached to the inner surface of the water guide plate 12 is used for cold weather resistance. The heat insulating material 18 includes, for example, a heat insulating material 19 made of an independent foam and a vinyl sheet 20 having a thickness of about 1 mm.
Are pasted together.

At least one hollow pipe 5 is provided for each water conduit, and the vertical pipe portion 14 and the horizontal pipe portion 15 are integrally formed in a substantially L shape. As the pipe 5, a stainless steel pipe having excellent thermal conductivity is used. The vertical pipe portion 14 rises upward in the water channel 4 of the water guiding trough 3, its upper end is opened, and a plurality of radiating holes 16 that are horizontally opened along the concrete inner wall surface are provided on the way.

When only one pipe 5 is provided, it is provided in the lower part of the tunnel 1, but when a plurality of pipes 5 are provided, they are arranged in parallel in the horizontal and vertical directions along the concrete inner wall surface.

The horizontal pipe portion 15 is fitted into a pipe mounting hole 17 having a diameter of 3 to 4 cm formed through the concrete wall 2 of the tunnel 1, and the open end portion is inserted into the soil of the natural ground 6. The horizontal pipe portion 15 is provided with drainage holes (not shown) at appropriate places as necessary so that the ventilation is not blocked by the groundwater. The insertion length of the lateral pipe portion 15 into the soil is 80 cm or more, and preferably 1 m.
This is for the following reason. That is, according to the actual measurement,
The outer peripheral surface of the concrete wall 2 of the tunnel 1 is affected by the outside air from the concrete inner wall surface.
With the recently used cold-resistant tunnel wall, which has been heat-insulated by the above, and whose heat dissipation rate has been kept in the 50% range, the outside air is hardly affected in the natural ground 80 cm away from the outer peripheral surface of the tunnel 1.

Here, the heat radiation cut rate is obtained as follows. In FIG. 7, the sum of the reciprocals of the thermal conductivity λ1, λ2, λ3, ... Obtained by the thickness (m) of the concrete wall 2 and the type and thickness (m) of the heat insulating materials 2b, 2c attached to the concrete wall The heat passage resistance R1 represented by the following formula and the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the external air film (wind speed 8 m / sec) α1 = 29.3 Kcal
/ M ² · Hr · ° C heat transfer resistance R2
And the static air in the cavity 2a formed inside the heat insulating material (2 to
10 cm thick) coefficient of thermal conductivity α2 = 5.4 kcal / m ²
* Sum R with heat transfer resistance R3 expressed by the reciprocal of Hr.
The heat transfer rate K shown by the reciprocal of is calculated. This heat transfer rate K
Of the heat conductivity K ₀ of the bare concrete wall of the same thickness, and the remaining% obtained by subtracting the calculated value from 100 is the heat radiation cut rate.

For example, in FIG. 7 (a), the thermal conductivity is 1.5 kc.
A concrete wall 2 having a thickness of t1 = 63 cm and having an al / m ² · Hr · ° C has a thermal conductivity of 0.036 kcal / m ² · Hr · ° C via an internal cavity 2a having a thickness of t2 = 3 cm.
And neoprene 2b having a thickness t3 = 2 cm and a thermal conductivity of 0.
Overall thickness t on which a heat insulating material layer composed of a synthetic rubber 2c having a thickness t4 = 2 cm at 13 kcal / m ² · Hr · ° C.
The heat passage resistance R and the heat passage rate K in the tunnel of 70 cm are obtained by the following equations.

Therefore, In contrast, as shown in Figure 7 (b), heat transfer resistance R0 and heat transfer coefficient K ₀ of the concrete wall thickness t0 is 70cm no thermal insulation material layer naked state is as follows.

Therefore From this value, the heat radiation cut rate is calculated as follows.

100-37.1 = 62.9 (%) The operation mode will be described above.

Leakage from concrete joints and cracks in the tunnel 1 is dropped from the water receiving gutter 21 into the water guiding gutter 3, flows down the water channel 4, and is discharged to a predetermined place such as a discharge groove. In winter, for example, in the Tohoku region, outside air is -20 ° C.
However, the geothermal heat of the ground never goes below 5 ° C. Therefore, this geothermal heat is drawn into the hollow pipe 5, converted into warm air by conduction and convection action, and radiated into the water channel 4 of the water guiding trough 3 to warm the water channel 4. Therefore, the running water in the water channel 4 is not frozen, and the leaked water smoothly flows down to a predetermined drainage channel. In particular, a stainless steel pipe is used as the hollow pipe 5, and the radiation hole 16 is opened horizontally along the inner wall surface of the tunnel.
A highly efficient heat exchange action is performed over the entire width direction of the. Stainless steel pipe withstands long-term use.

The hollow pipe 5 arranged in the water channel 4 is a straight tubular lateral pipe portion 1
5 and the straight tubular vertical pipe portion 14 are connected to each other at a second angle θ1. The horizontal pipe portion 15 penetrates the concrete wall 2 in a direction substantially normal to the concrete wall 2, which is as shown in FIG. The open end portion 45 of the lateral pipe portion 15 is inserted into the soil of the natural ground 6. The radiating holes 16 formed in the vertical pipe portion 14 are on a straight line 47 extending in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 orthogonal to the axis 46 of the vertical pipe portion 14 (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 4, vertical direction of FIG. 5). And is formed on both sides of the vertical pipe portion 14 (upper and lower sides in FIG. 5).
The radiation holes 16 are formed at intervals along the axis 46 of the vertical pipe portion 14, for example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, three holes are formed at one side with vertically spaced intervals. It

The second angle θ1 is selected to be greater than 90 degrees so that the vertical pipe portion 14 extends upward from the horizontal pipe portion 15 in the water channel 4.

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As described above, according to the present invention, the hollow pipe 5 is arranged in the water channel 4, and the horizontal pipe portion 15 on the straight pipe of the pipe 5 allows the concrete wall 2 to be almost the same as the concrete wall 2. Since it penetrates in the normal direction and the open end portion 45 of the horizontal pipe portion 15 is inserted into the soil of the natural ground 6, the warmed air in the soil is guided from the horizontal pipe portion 15 to the vertical pipe portion 14. The water may be discharged from the radiating hole 16 and the hole at the top of the vertical pipe portion 14 into the water channel 4 to raise the temperature in the water channel 4, prevent leakage of water from freezing, and cause icicles to hang down. It is prevented.

In particular, according to the invention, the vertical pipe section 14 of the pipe 5 is spaced apart along the axis 46 of the vertical pipe section 14 from the vertical pipe section 14.
Since the radiant holes 116 are formed on both sides of the flue, the air in the water channel 4 enters the radiant holes, so to speak, a chimney effect is achieved, and the warmed air in the vertical pipe portion 14 rises and is discharged into the water channel 4. Therefore, the temperature of the water channel 4 is always maintained in a raised state.

Moreover, according to the present invention, the radiation hole 16 is formed by the straight line 4 extending in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 orthogonal to the axis 46 of the vertical pipe portion 14.
7 has an axis line, in other words, radiation holes 16 are formed on both sides of the vertical pipe portion 14 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG.
Further, the vertical pipe portion 14 is formed at the upper and lower sides of FIG. 5, so that the cold air in the water channel 4 easily flows into the vertical pipe portion 14 through the radiation holes 16, and thus the temperature rise of the water channel 4 is promoted. In the present invention, in the vertical pipe portion 14, the radiation hole 16 is not formed on the concrete wall 2 side or the heat insulating material 18 side, and has the axis on the straight line 47 extending in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 as described above. Since the radiation holes 16 are formed, the air in the water channels 4 easily enters the radiation holes 16.

Further, according to the present invention, the horizontal pipe portion 15 of the pipe 5 penetrates the concrete wall 2 in the normal direction of the concrete wall 2, and the horizontal pipe portion 15 and the vertical pipe portion 14 form a second pipe. The angle θ1 of the vertical pipe section 14 is selected to be more than 900 degrees so that the vertical pipe section 14 extends upward from the horizontal pipe section 15 in the water channel 4. Therefore, the horizontal pipe section 15 is attached so as to penetrate the concrete wall 2. At this time, the pipe mounting hole 17 may be formed almost in the normal direction as described above, which facilitates the construction work and, as is apparent from FIG. 1, the shape of the inner surface of the concrete wall 2 of the tunnel 1. However, when it is configured to form a part of a substantially circular shape, it is prevented that the upper end portion of the vertical pipe portion 14 abuts on the inner surface of the concrete wall 2, and thus the horizontal pipe portion 15 of the natural ground 6 is prevented. Can be fully inserted into the soil to derive geothermal heat It is.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, the water conduit 3 is made up of the concrete wall 2
In addition, both sides of the water guide plate 12 are fixed across a pair of drain corners 7 fixed at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 (left-right direction in FIG. 2) to form a water channel 4 from the concrete wall 2. As described above, since the water guide plates 12 are provided at intervals, the water guide plate 1 is set so that the distance between the drain corners 7 is set to a desired value.
2 may be provided, and the excellent effect that the size of the water guiding gutter 3 can be set to a desired value is achieved in this way.

Further, according to the present invention, the heat insulating material 18 is attached to the surface of the water guiding plate 12 on the side of the water channel 4 to heat the water channel 4, and even if the heat insulating material 18 is separated from the water guiding plate 12, The danger that such a heat insulating material 18 hangs or falls in the passage of a person or a car is prevented.

Further, according to the present invention, the water guiding gutter 3 guides the water leakage from the pair of upwardly opened water receiving gutters 21 with a gradient of the first angle θ, and guides the water from the mutual adjacent ends 30 thereof. The leakage water is guided to the gutter 3 so that the leakage water in the tunnel 1 can be discharged over a wide area, and the freezing of the leakage water in such a wide area can be prevented by the present invention. It will be possible for the first time.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a tunnel showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the water conduit, FIG. 3 is a front view of the water conduit, FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the main part of the tunnel wall at the location of the water conduit, and FIG. 5 is the section line V of FIG. -V cross-sectional view, FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the main part of the water conduit, and FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the main part of the tunnel wall in the place where the water conduit is not provided, in which (a) has a heat insulating material layer, b) has no heat insulating material layer,
FIG. 8 is a front view showing the relationship between the receiving trough and the water guiding trough, and FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along the line IX-IX in FIG. 1 …… Tunnel, 3 …… Head, 4 …… Waterway, 5 ……
Pipe, 6 ... Ground, 7, drain corner, 12 ... Water guide plate, 16 ... Radiant hole, 18 ... Heat insulating material, 21 ... Water receiving gutter

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A tunnel having a pair of upwardly opened receiving gutters 21 extending in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 and having a gradient of a first angle θ with respect to a horizontal plane so that mutual proximity ends 30 are lowered. 1 is fixed to the concrete wall 2 and a water guiding trough 3 for guiding water leakage is arranged from below the proximal end 30. The water guiding trough 3 is fixed to the concrete wall 2 at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1. Drain corners 7 and water guiding plates 12 whose both sides are fixed to the drain corners 7 so as to form a water channel 4 from the concrete wall 2 across these drain corners 7, and the water channel 4 of the water guiding plate 12. A heat insulating material 18 attached to the surface on the side, and a hollow pipe 5 is arranged in the water channel 4, and the pipe 5 includes a straight tubular lateral pipe portion 15 and a straight tubular vertical pipe portion 1.
4 has a configuration in which they are connected to each other at a second angle θ1. The horizontal pipe portion 15 penetrates the concrete wall 2 in a direction substantially normal to the concrete wall 2, and the opening of the horizontal pipe portion 15 is formed. Edge 4
5 is inserted in the soil of the natural ground 6, and in the vertical pipe portion 14, a radiation hole 16 having an axis on a straight line 47 extending in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 orthogonal to the axis 46 of the vertical pipe portion 14, The second angle θ1 is 90 so that the vertical pipe portion 14 is formed on both sides of the vertical pipe portion 14 at intervals along the axis 46 of the vertical pipe portion 14 so that the vertical pipe portion 14 extends upward from the horizontal pipe portion 15 in the water channel 4. Leakage guidance device for tunnels, characterized by being selected at an angle exceeding degrees.