JPH0637018B2 - Numerical control method and its apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a numerical control technique for machine tools, and in particular, a series of numerical control programs is divided into blocks for each machining or work content, and those blocks are selectively combined, The present invention relates to a numerical control method and apparatus capable of continuously or independently executing block contents of a subdivided machining program.

[Conventional technology]

In the numerical control (NC) technology, the position of the tool with respect to the workpiece is input as numerical information, and this determines the position of the tool with respect to the work.

In such general numerical control, the movement of the machine or the processing content is specified by the program each time,
Unless you change the program, you cannot change the contents. Also, in each divided operation of a series of operations, restart operation from stop, return to origin or evacuation operation in an emergency, the operator must have learned NC technology, and all of them must be repeated in the program in advance. There was complicatedness. Further, in the conventional NC device, even if it is possible to stop in the middle of operation, it is not possible to repeat only part of the operation from the stop position.

[Object of the Invention]

Here, an object of the present invention is to divide a series of numerical control programs into blocks for each tool or machining so that each block after division can be continuously or selectively executed.
The purpose is to flexibly support different operation modes such as “automatic operation mode”, “same tool machining mode”, and “single machining single mode”.

[Outline of Invention]

Therefore, in the present invention, a judgment unit, a selection unit, and a dedicated operation unit are installed in the NC device, and a special function, that is, an emergency return function, an automatic origin return function, and subdivision are provided by these storage, judgment, selection, and operation functions. A large amount of machining programs are added, such as automatic cueing function for machining programs, repeat function of forward / backward movement from arbitrary position, arbitrary setting function of tool changing position, special function at tapping and type change of machining work. The numerical control device of NC dedicated machine suitable for production is designed to increase the flexibility of general-purpose machining operation and the simplicity of operation.

[Device configuration]

The numerical control device 1 of the present invention has a control unit 2,
Axis drive unit 3, program automatic operation unit 4, manual operation unit 5,
Input / output circuit 7 of selection unit 6, operation unit 8 for machine adjustment operation
And a machine origin memory circuit 10 of the memory unit 9.

The control unit 2 calls a machining program corresponding to the target work from the command tape 11, converts it into an orthogonal coordinate axis of X, Y, Z axes, and stores it in the storage unit 9. Further, the operation section 8 for the adjustment operation is connected to the input / output circuit 7 by a connecting connector in a separable state from the numerical control device 1 provided in the machine, and automatically starts, pauses, returns to the origin manually. It is equipped with function keys for manual axis feed and program editing, and edits the machining program while sequentially displaying the edited contents on the display 12 such as a CRT, and the like through the input / output circuit 7 to the internal RAM of the control unit 2, etc. To be temporarily stored in the memory of. Therefore, the control unit 2 sends an NC command to the axis driving unit 3, and the axis driving unit 3 causes the spindle 13 of the machine tool to move in the X, Y, and Z axis directions, whereby the cutting motion required for the workpiece 14 is performed. And give a feeding movement. Since the operation unit 8 is in a separable state, it is commonly used for the numerical control devices 1 of other machines.

The numerical control device 1 of the present invention is provided with a judgment unit 15, a driving operation unit 16, each axis position detection unit 22 in order to add a special function, and is also required inside the selection unit 6 and the storage unit 9. It has various functional blocks. That is, the storage unit 9 includes an operation mode / specific coordinate storage circuit 17 and a sequence number storage circuit 18. Further, the judging section 15 judges the NC state judging circuit 19 connected to the input / output circuit 7 and the machine origin memory circuit 10, the driving mode / specific coordinate memory circuit 17 and the driving mode / specific coordinate judging circuit connected to the NC state judging circuit 19. Circuit 20, this operation mode / specific coordinate determination circuit 20, sequence number storage circuit 18
There is provided a program start position determination circuit 21 connected to. In addition to the input / output circuit 7 which has already been described, the selecting section 6 includes a moving axis direction automatic selecting circuit 23 connected to the NC state judging circuit 19 and each axis position detecting section 22, and this moving axis direction automatic selecting circuit 23. An NC operation automatic selection circuit 24 connected to the operation mode / specific coordinate determination circuit 20, the program automatic operation unit 4, and the manual operation unit 5 is provided. Further, the driving operation unit 16 is
It is equipped with a function key for issuing operation commands such as emergency return (automatic origin return), unit operation, unit stop, unit retreat, tool change, next process advance and station completion.

[Functions of each part]

The machine origin memory circuit 10 is provided to store the machine origin Pm, but the control unit 2 does not store the current position of the spindle 13 at an initial stage such as preparation for operation, so that the power is turned on. At the same time, the origin return operation is performed and the origin position is stored as the mechanical origin Pm. The operation mode / specific coordinate storage circuit 17 stores machining modes such as “automatic operation mode”, “same tool machining mode” and “single machining independent mode” as modes of operation, that is, machine operation, and also stores specific coordinates. Also do. The specific coordinates indicate the current stage of the program, such as the machining start point in each machining, the machining feed end point of the tool feed, the machining origin Po, and the tool automatic tool change point (head). It also means the coordinate position of the ATC automatic possible position) and the manual tool change point (the manual tool changeable position) Pc. The operation mode / specific coordinate storage circuit 17 sends the above position information as logical information to the operation mode / specific coordinate determination circuit 20, and also stores the point to be returned at the time of a special return as coordinate numerical values. -Send to the specific coordinate determination circuit 20. Sequence number storage circuit 1
Reference numeral 8 stores a sequence number indicating a specific position in the machining program, and sends the sequence number to the program start position determination circuit 21 when restarting.

Further, the NC state determination circuit 19 of the determination unit 15 refers to the stored contents of the machine origin memory circuit 10 when a return or return command is issued from the operation operation unit 16, and returns to the machine origin Pm or performs machining. It is determined whether the command is a return command to the origin Po, and the result is sent to the operation mode / specific coordinate determination circuit 20 and the moving axis direction automatic selection circuit 23. The return to the "machine origin" is performed only at the start and end of work. Normal machining starts from the "machining origin".
These are preset by a program.

Then, the operation mode / specific coordinate determination circuit 20 determines the return passage when a command for return or return is issued according to the operation mode stored therein, and the determination result is the NC operation automatic selection circuit 24. Is given as a command signal to the program automatic operation unit 4 or the manual operation unit 5 via. The judgment of the return passage is identified by the "sequence number" in the 1000s. For example, in the N7000s and N8000s, it indicates before or during the start of machining, so it returns to the machining start position, and in the N9000s, it returns to complete the machining. The passage is not decided. The term "judgment of the return passage" used here means only to determine the start position of the program. Therefore, normally, the sequence number in the N5000 series indicating the machining start position is returned. At the same time, the operation mode / specific coordinate determination circuit 20 determines whether or not there is the spindle 13 at the specific coordinates (each origin, processing start point, hole bottom point, processing end point, etc.) indicated by the sequence number, and makes a request. The movement to the point is sent to the selection unit 6. Further, the program start position judging circuit 21 judges the program position at the next start when the machine is stopped during the execution of the program, and gives an instruction for two times of machining prevention at the same machining position or repeated operation. Such information is necessary only during automatic operation and is therefore sent to the program automatic operation unit 4.

Next, the moving axis direction automatic selection circuit 23 of the selection unit 6 automatically selects the direction of return at the time of the origin return operation based on the current position signal of the spindle 13 from each axis position detection unit 22, It enables automatic home position return. That is, each axis position detection unit 22 detects the current position of each axis of the spindle 13 when the power is turned on by a limit switch near the origin of each axis, and sends this to the moving axis direction automatic selection circuit 23 as position information. . The input / output circuit 7 selectively takes in the data of the operation section 8 and the operation operation section 16 for the adjustment operation, and sends it to each necessary circuit.

[Processing program structure]

The following table illustrates the contents of the actual numerical control program in relation to the sequence number.

In the program below, automatic tool change point, machining start point,
The sequence number starting with N, which indicates the hole bottom point or the machining end point, is identified by the number of digits. N5000
-N5999 indicates automatic tool change points, N7000 series is a machining start point, N8000 series is a hole bottom point, and N9.
The 000's indicate processing end points. M40 indicates the completion of machining for each tool, and M45 means the completion of all machining of the work.

1st machining process (drilling) 00001 (Read program N1) G98G90G806G0G17G00 (Set initial value) G32P1 (Return to machining origin) N5001T01 (Tool 1 head indexing operation) G00X-120.0Y-276.5S1400M03 (XY axis positioning, spindle forward rotation) ) G00Z-215.0 (Z-axis positioning) N7001G90G99G81X-120.0Y-276.5Z-225 .0R-215.0F280 (Drilling fixed cycle) N7002X-410.0Y-276.5 (Drilling fixed cycle) G80G32P2Z0 (Fixed cycle cancell, automatic tool change) Rolling return) M05 (Main spindle stop) M40 (First machining completed) Second machining process (Drill machining) N5002T02 (Tool 2, Head indexing operation) GOOX-119.5Y-276.05800M03 (X.Y axis positioning, spindle forward rotation) ) G00Z-223.0 (Z axis positioning) N7011G00X-119.5Y-276.0 (X. Y axis positioning) N8011G01Z-220.0F192 (Z axis cutting) N9011Z-223.0 (Z axis end point return) G32P2Z0 (Z axis automatic tool change point return ) M05 (Spindle stop) M40 (Second Machining completion) 3rd machining process (drilling) N5003T03 (Tool 3 head indexing operation) G00X-154.5Y-279.0S1900M03 (X. Y-axis positioning, main spindle forward rotation) G00Z-220.0 (Z-axis positioning) N7021G90G99G81X-154.5Y -279.0Z-230 0.0R-220.0F380 (Drilling fixed cycle) N7022X-375.0Y-225.0 (Drilling fixed cycle) G80G32P2Z0 (Z axis turning point return) M05 (Spindle stop) M40 (Processing completion output) 4th processing Process (Tapping) N5004T04 (Tool 4 head indexing operation) G00X-154.5Y.279.05380M03 (X.Y axis positioning, main spindle forward rotation) G00Z-160.0 (Z axis positioning) N7031G90G99G84X-154.5Y-279.0Z-170. 0R-160.0P40F570 (Fixed cycle for tapping) N7032X-374.5Y-225.0 (Fixed cycle for tapping) G80G32P2Z0 (Fixed cycle cancell, Z-axis automatic tool change point return) M05 (Main spindle stop) M40 (4th machining completed) 5th Machining process (drilling) N5005T05 (Tool 5 , Head indexing) G00X-155.50Y-252.5053200M03 (X. Y-axis positioning, spindle forward rotation) G00Z-260.0 (Z-axis positioning) N7041G90G99G81X-155.50Y-252.50Z-240 .0R-230.0P40F160 (fixed cycle for drilling) G80G32P1Z0 (fixed cycle cancel, return to origin) M05 (stop spindle) ) M40 (Fifth machining completed) M45 (All machining completed) M30 (End of program) As described above, programs G98 to M30 are a series of numerical control programs for a certain work. The fixed cycle in the above program is a conventional general operation command, and several blocks that repeat the same feed amount are replaced by the first 1
The hole bottom point of the above-mentioned processing by specifying with the block,
This is a function that can omit the processing end point. Therefore, when the fixed cycle is designated, it is not necessary to designate the sequence numbers N8000 series and N9000 series.

Thus, in order to properly operate one numerical control program in each mode to be described later, a sequence number is newly added to the program in order to make the numerical control device 1 recognize specific coordinates indicating each machining process, machining hole position and the like. Has been added to.

[Operation in Each Mode] Next, a series of operations when each operation mode is selected will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a case where a series of machining operations are continuously performed for five kinds of tools in relation to the machine origin Pm, the machining origin Po, and the manual tool change position Pc, and the solid line in the figure. The arrow indicates the rapid movement of the tool, and the broken line indicates the cutting feed. Among them, ○ is the machining start point, ● is the machining end position, that is, the hole bottom point, and ◎ is from the workpiece after machining is completed. The machining end point indicating the position where the tool has come off is shown, and ◆ indicates the automatic tool change point.

Operation in "Automatic Operation Mode" In this mode, the commands "automatic operation" and "emergency return" are issued by the operation operation unit 16. First, the operator
The "automatic operation mode" is designated by the mode selector 25 provided in the operation operation unit 16. Here, the operator confirms whether or not the spindle 13 is at the processing origin Po.
If the spindle 13 is not at the processing origin Po, the operator gives an "emergency return" command. As a result, the numerical controller 1 guides the spindle 13 to the processing origin Po and stops it at that position. Therefore, the operator gives a command of "automatic operation". At this time, the numerical controller 1 sequentially executes the numerical control program G98 described above, and automatically stops when the program M30 is executed.

When the "automatic operation" command is given, the spindle 13 selects the first tool "T00L1" at the machining origin Po, then moves from the machining origin Po to the position of the starting point ○ by fast-forwarding, and from that position the cutting speed is changed. Originally, "Tool 1" was used to perform hole processing, and when the hole bottom point ● was reached, the hole moved to the processing end point ◎, then the second
Repeat the hole drilling with the same tool. For example, when two holes have been drilled, the spindle 13 is further retracted,
The tool is turned at the automatic tool change point ♦, the second tool “tool 2” is selected, and the second tool “tool 2” is used again to perform hole drilling different from the “tool 1”. In this way, machining is continuously performed by using five types of tools such as "tool 1" to "tool 5" such as drills and taps.

Further, when a situation occurs in which the spindle 13 must be returned to the processing origin Po due to tool damage or the like in the course of such execution, the operator gives an "emergency return" command. At this time, the numerical control device 1 interrupts the operation currently being executed, returns to the processing origin Po, and stops at that position. Here, the operator removes the cause of the occurrence of the emergency and gives a command of "automatic operation" to restart the automatic operation again. At this time, the numerical controller 1 stores the sequence number at the time of interruption due to "emergency return" in the sequence number storage circuit 18, and at restart, the program start position determination circuit 21 from the series of programs.
It is searched by. The sequence number to be executed next at that time depends on the stored sequence number. If the sequence number is N5000 series (automatic tool change point), jump to the next N7000 series (machining start point) and go to N7
In the case of the 000's, the stored sequence number returns to the N7000's with the same sequence number. Sequence number N8000
In the case of the number series (hole bottom point), return to the last N7000 number series,
In the case of the sequence number N9000 (processing end point), jump to the next N7000 series or the next tool N5000 series.

In this case, for example, if the numbers stored in the sequence number storage circuit 18 are N5001 and N7001, it means that the first hole of T00L1 is unprocessed, and the restart program is restarted from N7001 which shows the starting point. If the stored sequence number is N8001, it also indicates that the first hole of T00L1 is unprocessed or is in the process of being processed, and the program is restarted from N7001. The stored sequence number is N90
If it is 01, the machining of the first hole is finished, and the restart program jumps to the starting point N7002 of the next hole machining. However, if the machining of the same tool is not scheduled next, the process jumps to the N5000 series indicating the tool change of the next tool. As described above, in principle, the operation in the "automatic operation mode" is executed sequentially from the beginning of the program subdivided by the sequence number, but it was necessary to intervene the operation of the operator during an emergency stop. In that case, as above,
The program is restarted from the block of the sequence number selected corresponding to each stored sequence number.

Operation in "same tool machining mode" The commands used in this operation mode are "tool change",
"Unit operation", "Unit stop", "Unit retreat" and "Station complete".

The operation in this mode is only in the range where machining is performed with the same tool, and for example, the program M40 before the sequence number N5002 indicating the replacement with the next tool is executed and stopped. In no case is N5002 continuously executed following N5001.

Now, it is assumed that all the machining steps have been completed and the numerical controller 1 has stopped at the machining origin Po. The operator intends to execute the first machining process in the "same tool operation mode". Here, when the operator first gives a command of "tool exchange", the program start position determination circuit 21 retrieves the sequence number N5001 and the tool exchange of "tool 1" is executed. When the "tool 1" is selected, the operator issues a "unit operation" command to execute the machining. At this time, the numerical controller 1 executes the program from the block next to the sequence number N5001, and the next tool N5002 is executed.
After sequentially executing up to M40 of the block before, the process returns to the processing origin Po and stops. At this time, the main spindle 13 is the machining origin Po → the machining start point of the first hole machining ○ (N7001) → the hole bottom point of the first hole machining ● (N8001) → the machining end point of the first hole machining ◎ (N9001) → Machining start point of the second machining hole ○
(N7002) → Hole bottom point of second processed hole ● (N8002)
→ Machining end point of the second machining hole ◎ (N9002) → Stop at the machining origin Po (M40).

When an emergency occurs during this process, a "unit retreat" command is given. With this, the numerical controller 1
Stops the operation currently being executed, returns the spindle 13 to the processing origin Po, and stops at that position. Therefore, the operator removes the cause of the emergency. In order to restart the operation again, the "unit operation" command is issued again. At this time, the numerical controller 1 uses the sequence numbers stored in the sequence number storage circuit 18 at the time of interruption due to "unit retreat", and selects the sequence corresponding to each sequence number as described in the automatic operation mode. The processing is sequentially restarted from the numbers, and after the program M40 is executed, the processing is returned to the processing origin Po and stopped. If the operator gives a command for "unit operation" or "unit replacement" and it is necessary to interrupt and stop the operation while the operation is being executed, the operator must give a "unit stop" command. give. At that time, the numerical controller 1
Interrupts the operation it is currently performing and stops on the fly. After this, when the operator wishes to resume operation,
First, a "unit retreat" command is given to return the spindle 13 to the processing origin Po, and subsequently, a "unit operation" command gives a restart operation command.

When the spindle 13 is stopped at the machining origin Po after execution of the program M40 by the command of "unit operation", if the operator gives the command of "unit operation" again, re-machining from the first machining hole is performed. It will be possible.

When the operator wants to stop machining the current tool and start machining the next tool, "station complete"
Is given, and then the "tool exchange" command is given, the tool is exchanged. That is, when the "station completion" is instructed, the process jumps to M40 which means that the machining of the current tool is completed, and the subsequent "tool exchange" command causes the sequence number N50 indicating the tool exchange of the next tool.
The program proceeds to 02.

Operation in "single machining alone mode" In this operation mode, the commands "next process forward", "unit operation", "unit stop" and "unit backward" are given. Further, the operation range in this mode is obtained by further subdividing the operation of the "unit operation" in the same tool machining mode into, for example, a hole machining unit.

In this mode, the range that can be operated by the "unit operation" command is only the operation for one hole drilling. First, it is assumed that "tool 1" is selected for the spindle 13 and is located at the processing origin Po. First, the "next process forward" is instructed to move the spindle 13 to the starting point. "Next step forward"
Command, the program automatic operation unit 4 searches for the sequence number N7001 indicating the machining start point, moves to the starting point and stops, and does not automatically move to the next program.

Next, the operator gives a command of "unit operation" in order to process the first processed hole. At this time, the numerical controller 1
Searches for a sequence number next to the sequence number N7001 and sequentially executes the sequence number thereafter to execute the sequence number N9001 indicating the machining end point ◎ and automatically stop. At this time, the spindle 13 has a machining start point ◯ of the first machining hole.
(N7001) → Hole bottom point of the first processed hole ● (N8001)
→ The machining end point of the first machining hole is moved in the order of ◎ (N9001).

When it is necessary to stop the program for some reason during the execution of the program, the operator operates the "unit stop" push button. At that time, the numerical controller 1 interrupts the operation currently being executed and stops on the spot.

If the operator desires reprocessing after this stop, the operator gives a command for "unit operation". Therefore, the program start position determination circuit 21 uses the sequence number N indicating the machining start point.
The sequence number N8001 next to 7001 is searched, and the blocks (re-cutting) are sequentially executed thereafter. When the sequence number N9001 is executed, the sequence is automatically stopped. The spindle 13 stops from the current position via the hole bottom point ● and at its machining end point ◎.

If the operator wants to return to the machining start point ◯ during the machining operation, the operator gives a “unit retreat” command. Therefore, the program is stopped by returning to the machining start point ◯ by the automatic operation unit 4. At this time, the spindle 13 returns from the stop position and stops at the machining start point ◯ of the first machining hole.

When the operator intends to move the spindle 13 to the machining start point ◯ of the second machining hole for the next machining at the starting point ◯ of the first machining hole, the command of “advance next process” is given.
At this time, the sequence number storage circuit 18 searches for the sequence number N7002 indicating the machining start point next to the currently stored sequence number N7001 and moves to the machining start point ◯ of the second machining hole and stops.

At the machining start point ◯ of the second machining hole, if the operator again gives a command of “advance to the next process”, “tool 1”
It is necessary to replace the tool from "Tool 2". In this case, the mode is the single processing mode with the same tool, and the spindle 13 is the processing start point of the second processing hole without selecting the next tool.
As a result, it will return to the processing origin Po and stop.

〔The invention's effect〕

In the present invention, a plurality of operation modes can be set in advance by providing a sequence number indicating the specific coordinates of NC in the program, and different NC machining can be performed depending on the combination of the subdivided NC data of a series of numerical control programs or their selection. Can be continuously performed, and machining for the same tool or intermittent machining and movement in arbitrary machining holes can be selected as required, so that it is possible to flexibly cope with machining for high-mix low-volume production. In addition, the flexibility of the processing contents can be set for each machine with high operability only by the simple operation command required as a dedicated machine without creating a complicated program in advance. That is, by adding a sequence number that indicates a specific coordinate position such as the starting point to the machining program, the current position of the tool for each tool or machining hole is specified, preventing double machining of the machined part, and tapping. This has the effect of reliably instructing operations such as reverse rotation and retreat from the mid-process position such as machining without writing it in the program in advance.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a numerical controller according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an operation mode, and FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a mode selector. 1 ... Numerical control device, 2 ... control unit, 3 ... axis drive unit,
4 ... Program automatic operation part, 5 ... Manual operation part, 6 ...
... Selector, 7 ... Input circuit, 8 ... Operating section for adjusting operation, 9 ... Memory section, 10 ... Machine origin memory circuit, 11 ...
… Command tape, 12… Display such as CRT, 1
3 ... Machine tool spindle, 14 ... Work, 15 ... Judgment section, 16 ... Operation section, 17 ... Operation mode / specific coordinate storage circuit, 18 ... Sequence number storage circuit, 19 ...
... NC state determination circuit, 20 ... Operation mode / specific coordinate determination circuit, 21 ... Program start position determination circuit, 2
2 ... Each axis position detection circuit, 23 ... Moving axis direction automatic selection circuit, 24 ... NC operation automatic selection circuit, 25 ... Mode selector.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A machining program is composed of a plurality of blocks, each block is provided with a unique sequence number indicating specific coordinates such as a machining start point, a hole bottom point, a machining end point, etc. In an NC controller for combining a block and performing a predetermined machining on a work, the specific coordinates and the sequence number are stored, and an operation mode such as an automatic operation mode, a single tool machining mode and a single machining single mode, and a machining origin, Stores specific coordinates such as tool change points, determines the program start position and stop according to the sequence number selected in accordance with the specified operation mode, and starts and restarts machining, A numerical control method characterized in that each selected block of (1) is sequentially executed. 2. A machining program is composed of a plurality of blocks, each block is provided with a unique sequence number indicating a specific coordinate position such as a machining start point, a hole bottom point, and a machining end point of hole machining. In the NC controller that combines the blocks of the above to perform the predetermined machining on the work, the specific coordinates and the sequence number are stored, and the operation mode and the machining origin such as the automatic operation mode, the same tool machining mode and the single machining single mode are stored. The storage unit that stores specific coordinates such as the tool change point, and the specific sequence number that is stored in the storage unit and that corresponds to the specified operation mode are used to determine the specific coordinates, and the selected sequence number and the specific coordinates are determined. The judgment unit that judges the program start position and stop from the coordinates, and the judgment output of the program start position from the judgment unit Based on the program automatic operation unit that sequentially executes the blocks read by the sequence number from the storage unit, and the operation contents of the NC automatically based on the sequence number and the specific coordinates of the return position selected by the determination unit. It is equipped with a selection section to select and an operation operation section for inputting operation commands such as automatic operation, emergency return, unit operation / stop / reverse, tool exchange, next process advance and station completion. A numerical control device characterized in that a program start position and a stop are judged by the sequence number selected by the above, the machining is started and restarted, and each selected block in the machining program is sequentially executed.