JPH0646989B2 - Intelligence testing device - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Technical Field This invention relates to an intelligence testing device.

BACKGROUND ART In recent years, in the field of neuropsychiatry, methods of testing intelligence have already been proposed to determine the degree of progress of intelligence or to distinguish between aging and dementia.

Conventional techniques for examining the decline in mental function in elderly people include the Hasegawa Dementia Scale and the N-type Mental Function Test. These tests determine whether the subject can correctly answer questions about orientation and memory.

On the other hand, according to experience in art therapy, the drawings of many elderly people are generally characterized by a loss of freedom and a breakdown of form. This suggests that it is possible to infer a decline in mental function from drawings, but because the amount of information contained in the drawings themselves is so great that it is difficult to quantify, a method was developed around 1987 in which a drawing is replaced by the most simplified form of the task of "marking dots," and judgment is made by analyzing the distribution or trajectory of the dots that have been made. (Reference: "Analysis of Dots" - Preliminary Research, Hayashi Mikio, Hakamada Shunichi, Annual Report of the Welfare Pension Hospital, Vol. 14 (198
7), pp. 283-290, "Point Analysis" - A Preliminary Study
II, Mikio Hayashi, Makiko Tominaga, Shunichi Hakamada, Annual Report of the Welfare Pension Hospital, Vol. 15 (1988), pp. 317-323, "Early Detection of Dementia in Art Therapy," Mikio Hayashi, Chitose Tanaka, Clinical Drawing Research IV (1989), Kongo Publishing, pp. 33-48,
"Point Analysis" - Preliminary Study III, Mikio Hayashi and Senashi Tanaka, Annual Report of the Welfare Pension Hospital, Vol. 16 (1989), No. 323-33
Page 9) The principle of this "point analysis method" is to measure the subject's length and width in M x N rows.
Within a matrix of squares (grids), the subject is instructed to write multiple (I) points randomly and in a dispersed manner into any of the squares in turn, and the position of each point thus written is identified by the coordinates of the squares and analyzed.

As a premise for the explanation, the horizontal direction of the grid is called the x direction, and the vertical direction is called the y direction. Here, the numbers adopted from the beginning of development are the number of columns (number of squares in the x direction) of the matrix M = 12, the number of rows (number of squares in the y direction) N = 20, and the number of dots I = 30.
In addition, the i-th point (i = 1, 2, ..., 30)
When the point is in the ai _-th grid (square) counting from the left and the bi _-th grid (square) counting from the top, the coordinates of that point are (a _i ,
b _i ) where a _i and b _i are in the range of 1≦a _i ≦12,
It is an integer that satisfies 1≦b _i ≦20.

Let {( _ui , _vi )} be the difference sequence of the ordered sequence of coordinates of 30 points {( _ai , _bi )}, i.e., _ui = ai ₊₁ - _{ai vi} = bi ₊₁ - _bi , where i-1, 2, ..., 29.

As is clear from this definition, _ui and _vi are integer values that satisfy the following: -11 ≤ _ui ≤ 11, -19 ≤ _vi ≤ 19.

(1) First method: Variation of point distribution When the x-coordinate satisfies a _i = k, i.e., the number of points i belonging to the kth column is m _k , and the y-coordinate satisfies b _i = t, i.e., the number of points i belonging to the tth column is n _t , then D _x and D _y are calculated from I/M = 5/2, I/N = 3
Since Dx/2 is the total number of dots divided by the number of columns and rows, respectively, it is the value that should be the average number of dots for each column and row of a large number of samples where dots are placed completely randomly. Therefore, _Dx and _Dy represent the total deviation of the actual number of dots for each column and row from the average value. Here, XY
Coordinates (D _x , D _y ) are identified, and a decline in mental function, etc. is determined based on the positional relationship with the origin or the normal region (described later).

(2) Method 2: Momentum of Variation Each of the difference sequences {(u _i , v _i )} described above is the distance (number of squares) in the row and column directions traveled from the i-th dot to the (i+1)-th dot, so |u _i |(i
= 1, 2, ..., 29), and |v _i | (i = 1,
The sum of (2, ..., 29) represents the magnitude of the variation in the hitting points in each direction.

That is, Then, S = XY S is called the amount of fluctuation, and in this example, S is compared with a set reference value S _o = 7900, and if it is larger than that, it is determined to be normal, and if it is smaller, it is determined that mental function is impaired.

(3) Third Method: Variation in Movement (Displacement) The number of points i that satisfy u _i =k in the x direction, i.e., the occurrence frequency of x direction displacement k, is defined as v _k , and the number of points i that satisfy v _i =t in the y direction, i.e., the occurrence frequency of y direction displacement t, is defined as λ _t . T _x and T _y are calculated from the above equation: The coordinates (T _x , T _y ) are assumed to be the point represented by the sample.

The meaning of _Tx and _Ty is as follows: In the sequence { _ai }, the range of values that the algebra _ai can take is an integer value from 1 to M=12. At that time, _ui is -(M-1), -
The possible values are (M-2)-...-1, 0, 1,..., M-1. Therefore, when k≥0, there are M-k ways for _ui =k, as shown in Table I below.

Similarly, when K<0, there are M-|k| ways.

If each term in {a _i } is completely independent, then M×M
The occurrence of all pairs of _{ai ai+1} has equal probability, and from the above discussion, there are M-|k| ways for _ui = k, so the probability that _ui = k is f(k) = (M-|k|)/ ^M2 (the second term on the right-hand side of the _Tx equation).

Since { _ai } consists of I-1 = 29 terms, the average occurrence frequency of i where _ui = k is 29 x f(k) if the hit points are random. (The same is true for the sequence { _bi }, and the _Ty formula holds.) Ultimately, it can be understood that _Tx and _Ty are quantities that represent how much the occurrence frequency of displacement in the x and y directions deviates from the occurrence frequency according to this probability distribution. However, a
It should be noted that the independence of _{a i} and a _i+1 does not hold strictly. This is because two points cannot simultaneously occupy the same grid (cell). However, since T _x and T _y are considered to be a single function that roughly formulates the variability of displacement (movement), f(k) does not need to be a strict probability distribution. The point is that T _x and T _y are actually the distributions of the patient group and the control group (a group of subjects considered normal).
It is important that the function is such that there is a difference between

(4) The variability indexes ( _Dx , _Dy ) and ( _Tx , _Ty ) represent the "variability of point distribution" and "variability of point movement" of the sample, respectively. The linear combination of these two quantities is called the "variability index." That is, the "variability index of coefficient μ":
(V _x , V _y ) _μ is defined by the following equation.

(V _x , V _y ) _μ = (D _x , D _y ) + μ (T _x ,
T _y ) where μ>0.

To judge the test results, the calculated values for each subject are displayed on a graph. A similar test is conducted on healthy subjects in advance to determine the range for healthy subjects, and the more the subject deviates from this range drawn on the same graph, the more advanced the dementia is estimated to be. In this case, the calculated values in the first method are (D _x , D _y ) and the calculated values in the third method are (T _x , D y ).
The normal range of T _y is a circle with center coordinates determined approximately by probability calculations, but in the second method, which is determined from the product S of the x-coordinate X and the y-coordinate Y, it becomes a hyperbola (first quadrant only) where xy = S _o (where S _o is a constant, 7900 in the above example), and it is determined that if it is on the upper right side of this hyperbola it is normal, and if it is on the lower left side it is determined that there is a decline in mental function.

In conventional tests, test subjects are instructed to mark dots on a test paper, and although the coordinates of each dot are known from the collected paper, the order in which they were marked is not. Therefore, the number of dots in each row and column is counted by eye, and only the calculation of Method 1 described above is performed from the counting results by hand or computer. Methods 2 and 3, which require information on the order in which they are marked, have been experimentally verified by having test subjects mark numbers instead of dots.

Disclosure of the Invention However, if the analytical results are calculated using such a method, the time required for the calculation process will be long,
Furthermore, although other information contained in the test results, such as the distance to the next point, direction, movement, and time required for each point, can be used in conjunction with the calculations of Methods 2 and 3, to determine the progression of dementia, the above-mentioned conventional methods are unable to perform such analyses.

The present invention aims to speed up the test and make the test reproducible when determining the degree of progression of dementia by marking a plurality of dots on a test sheet.

This invention provides an intelligence testing device that uses a two-dimensional coordinate reading device to automatically read the coordinates of each square on a test paper with dots printed on it, stores these coordinates in a memory device along with the dotting order, dotting time intervals, or the passage of time, sends this stored information to a central processing unit, which performs calculations according to a pre-set program, and is equipped with a display device that displays the calculation results in a graph.

According to the above configuration, all the grids in each column of the test paper are 2
The coordinates are read by a 3D coordinate reading device. The information on the read coordinates is sent to a central processing unit (CPU), which performs the required calculations. The calculation results, i.e., the test results, are immediately obtained and displayed on a graph on a display device. In addition, a memory device stores the positions, order, and times of the dots that have been placed, making it possible to easily reproduce the progress of the test when necessary.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the intelligence testing device of the present invention; Figure 2 is a perspective view showing an example of the structure of a two-dimensional coordinate reading device in the device of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a flowchart showing the procedure for performing intelligence testing and analysis using the device configuration of the present invention described above; Figure 4 is a flowchart showing the contents of the dot data recording procedure, which is the first stage of the system flow of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a dot recording status diagram displayed on the display device as the dot data recording procedure of Figure 4 progresses; Figure 6 is a diagram showing the dot distribution of a normal subject displayed on the display screen of the device;
Figures 7 to 9 show the distribution of the dots in the first and second methods, respectively.
Graph showing the results of calculations by the method 10 and the method 3.
The figure shows the distribution of hitting points by the patient displayed on the display screen of the device, Figures 11 to 13 are graphs showing the results of calculating the distribution of hitting points by the patient using methods 1, 2 and 3, respectively, Figures 14 and 15 are figures showing the time taken by the normal subject and the patient to hit each point displayed on the screen or on a recording paper, respectively, and Figures 16 and 17 are figures showing the speed between each hitting point for the normal subject and the patient, respectively.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
(1) is a two-dimensional coordinate reading device known as a digitizer, which supports a test paper and automatically reads the coordinates of points when they are placed in the grid squares of the test paper.

An example of the specific structure is shown in Figure 2. The two-dimensional coordinate reading device (1) shown in the figure is equipped with a reading base (2) on which the test paper P is placed at a predetermined position on the surface. (3) is the base (2).
a frame plate for regulating the position on which the test paper P is placed;
(4) is a plate for holding down and fixing the edges of the placed test paper P. The principle of this two-dimensional coordinate value reading device, for example, in the system disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-119818, is that an upward electromagnetic field is generated from the digitizer body constituting the base while scanning alternately and periodically in either the X or Y direction, the electromagnetic field is detected by a coordinate indicator with a built-in tuning circuit integrated with the writing implement, and the electromagnetic field transmitted to the digitizer body based on the tuning is detected by the digitizer body while scanning in the other X or Y direction, and the coordinate value of the tuning point is extracted from the intersection of the transmitting and receiving XY scans.

(5) is the CPU, which retrieves the information read by the two-dimensional coordinate reader (1), i.e., the coordinates of the squares where the dots are placed and their order, from the memory (6) and performs the necessary calculations, for example, in the case of Method 1, it calculates the absolute value of the difference between the statistical average number of dots in each row or column of the test paper and the number of dots placed, and then calculates their sum. This calculation can of course be replaced by other calculation methods, such as calculations of the distance, direction, time, speed, etc., between the dots, or it can consist of multiple calculations.

The memory (6) stores the coordinates of the points that have been struck as described above, as well as the time required to strike them, and this time is measured by a clock (7). (8) is a counter that counts the number of points struck, and is set up to notify the player when 30 points have been struck, as in this example. Once 30 points have been struck, the CPU (5) begins calculations.

In addition, if the same square is hit more than once or if the ball is hit in a location other than a square, it will not be counted in the number of hits and the coordinates will be invalid.

(9) is a display device that receives the results of calculations from the CPU (5) via an interface (10), and the results are displayed graphically on the display device. This display device can be a printer, a CRT, or the like.

(11) is a recording device that receives the results of calculations from the CPU (5) via an interface (12) and records the results. This recording device can be a floppy disk or the like.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the procedure for carrying out an intelligence test and analysis using the above-mentioned device configuration of the present invention, and FIG.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart showing the contents of the dot data recording procedure, which is the first stage of the system flow in the figure, and Fig. 6 is a dot recording status diagram displayed on the display device as the dot data recording procedure of Fig. 4 progresses. On the screen of the display device (which may be provided with a dedicated dot display section), squares are drawn in advance, the color of the square where a dot has been recorded changes, and a number indicating the dot recording order is drawn.

Verification Example Figure 6 shows the distribution of dots by a normal subject displayed on the display screen of the device, Figures 7 to 9 are graphs showing the results of calculating the distribution of dots by the first, second and third methods, respectively, Figure 10 shows the distribution of dots by a patient displayed on the display screen of the device, and Figures 11 to 13 are graphs showing the results of calculating the distribution of dots by a patient by the first, second and third methods, respectively. In Figures 6 and 10, the order of dots (hatched squares) is 1 to 3.
The first 9 are the corresponding numbers, and the 10th to 30th are the letters A to
It is indicated by U.

The calculation procedures and graph displays for subject A (normal, 32-year-old male) using each calculation method will be described below.

Law 1 (3) Calculation of D _x and D _y and graph display D _x = 1.5 × 2 + 3.5 + 2.5 + 0.5 × 8 = 13 D _y = 0.5 × 17 + 1.5 × 3 = 8.5 + 4.5 = 13 Therefore, referring to Figure 7, the coordinates of subject A (D
_x , D _y ) falls well within the statistically determined normal circle C ₁ (center coordinates: 12.9, 16.2).

Method 2 (1) Difference sequence of point displacement Therefore, since S=15982 is sufficiently larger than 7900, referring to FIG. 8, the (x, y) coordinates of subject A are in the upper right region (normal region) of the reference curve of XY=7900.
It indicates that it is inside.

Third law (1) ν _k and λ _t Referring to the u _i sequence of the second law, ν _-11 ν _-10 ν _-9 ν _-8 ν _-7 ν _-6 ν _-5 ν _-4 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 ν _-3 ν _-2 ν _-1 ν ₀ ν ₁ ν ₂ ν ₃ ν _{4 1} 1 1 2 0 1 5 1 0 ν ₅ ν ₆ ν ₇ ν ₈ ν ₉ ν ₁₀ ν ₁₁ 1 1 2 0 2 1 0 Similarly, referring to the v _i sequence of the second method, λ _-19 λ _-18 λ _-17 λ _-16 λ _-15 λ _-14 λ _-13
λ _-12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 λ _-11 λ _-10 λ _-9 λ _-8 λ _-7 λ _-6 λ _-5 λ _-4 1 0 0 0 0 6 4 2 λ _-3 λ _-2 λ _-1 λ ₀ λ ₁ λ ₂ λ ₃ λ ₄ 2 0 1 0 1 1 3 2 λ ₅ λ ₆ λ ₇ λ ₈ λ ₉ λ ₁₀ λ ₁₁ λ ₁₂ 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 λ ₁₃ λ ₁₄ λ ₁₅ λ ₁₆ λ ₁₇ λ ₁₈ λ ₁₉ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Using the above values Therefore, referring to FIG. 9, the coordinates of subject A (T
_x , T _y ) is well inside the statistically determined normal circle C ₂ (center coordinates: 19.6, 26.2).

Similarly, each calculation method was applied to subject B (patient, 68 years old, male), and in the first method, D _x = 29.0, D _y = 19.0
In the second method, X=43, Y=59, and _S =2537, so S<(XY
12, the coordinates are in the lower left area _of the standard curve (area of mental decline) _.
6.0, and referring to FIG. 13, the coordinates are normal circle _C2
It can be seen that it is located outside of

Figures 14 and 15 show the time taken by subjects A and B to hit each point, displayed on a screen or on a recording paper. The upper graph (a) in each figure shows the time (unit: 1/10 seconds) on the vertical axis and the number of each point on the horizontal axis; for example, 10 on the horizontal axis indicates the transition from the 9th to the 10th point. The table (b) below shows the time between each point (unit: seconds).

Comparing Figures 14 and 15, it can be seen that the average time () is longer for patient B than for normal subject A, and the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the time between each dot (variation R) is also larger.

16 and 17 show normal subject A and patient B, respectively.
The graphs show the speed between each point. The upper part of each figure (a) shows the magnitude of the speed by the size of the dots, and each point is connected by a line to show the order of the dots. The first and 30th points are displayed in a different color on the screen to make them easier to see, and the table below (b) shows the speed between each dot numerically.

Comparing Figures 16 and 17, it is clear that the patient has poorer dispersion, slower velocity, and less movement.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above in detail, the present invention has the effect of enabling test results to be obtained quickly when testing for dementia and the like by marking dots on grid-like squares, and also enabling the test conditions to be easily reproduced.

Disease states other than dementia (e.g., depression, schizophrenia)
However, there is a possibility that the variability of the scores may worsen. Separating these may be possible in part by using the re-teaching method, but fundamentally, a significant improvement can be achieved by performing an analysis that takes time into account. In other words, the possible applications of this method to conditions other than dementia are as follows:

・The state of the trajectory you draw can reveal information about your personality, habits, mood, etc.

- Discover stress levels.

・You can choose between humanities and science.

-Intelligence quotient testing is possible.

Aptitude testing is possible.

Reflexes can be tested.

-Various training checks.

Claims (5)

[Claims] [Claim 1] An intelligence testing device comprising: a two-dimensional coordinate reading device for reading the coordinates of the distribution of dots entered by a subject under instructions to dot randomly and dispersely within a designated frame on an examination table; a memory device for storing the coordinates of each of the entered dots, the dot-entry order, and the dot-entry time interval or the dot-entry time lapse; a central processing unit for using the stored coordinate and other information to calculate at least one of (1) the dot-entry distribution variability, (2) the momentum of the variability between consecutive dots, and (3) the variability of the movement or displacement between consecutive dots; and a display device for displaying the results of calculations by the central processing unit. 2. The central processing unit performs the calculations on the distribution of points entered by a group of subjects who are deemed to have normal mental function, and determines a normal range from the group of calculation results, and the display device displays the normal range and the calculation results for each subject in the same coordinate system.
The apparatus described. 3. The determined frame is a matrix of squares with M columns and N rows, and the total number of points instructed to the subject is I.
In the case where the operation (1) is performed on the k-th column (where k=1, 2, ..., M),
The number of dot squares belonging to the _t -th row (where t=1, 2,
..., N) is the number of grid squares belonging to the _grid , 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the x and y coordinates (D _x , D _y ) are determined by calculating: 4. The determined frame is a matrix of squares with M columns and N rows, and the total number of dots instructed to the subject is I
In this case, the operation (2) is performed on the i-th (where i=1, 2, ..., I
The distance in the row direction (number of squares) moved from the point (i-1) to the (i+1)-th point is u _i , and the distance in the column direction (number of squares) is
Let _v be the , and specify the coordinates (X, Y) to calculate the momentum of the variation S
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein (X, Y) is determined from S(X, Y)=XY. 5. The determined frame is a matrix of squares with M columns and N rows, and the total number of points instructed to the subject is I.
In the case where the number of times that the previous dot is moved by k squares in the row direction from the previous dot is v _k , and the number of times that the previous dot is moved by t squares in the column direction from the previous dot is λ _t , 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein T _x and T _y are determined from the above and the coordinates (T _x , T _y ) are specified.