JPH0647808B2 - Simple type levee - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a simple levee body using a highly water-absorbent resin material.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, construction methods such as burial work, weirboard work and water mat work have been taken as measures to prevent flooding of river levees and to prevent flooding of houses, etc. due to surface water. The hemp and polypropylene sandbags are used as the sandbags.The sandbags are piled up to an appropriate height, the soil is stuffed between the gaps so that water does not leak, and the steel piles are driven in to stabilize the sandbags. There is. In addition, the weir board work is a method of fixing boards such as shutters, veneer boards, and concrete panels with piles, and stacking and reinforcing sandbags on the back side (direction opposite to the flowing water direction). Furthermore, the water matting company supplies water into the exterior made of vinylon canvas to form a continuous bank body,
This is a method of reinforcement to prevent sliding and falling due to water pressure.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

The above-mentioned conventional method for preventing water overflow, inundation, etc. requires a lot of labor, machinery and time to form a bank. Therefore, there is a problem that it is not suitable for preventing the overflow of river levees and the infiltration of surface water that occur suddenly during a disaster.

[Means for solving problems]

The simplified type dike body according to the present invention is one in which a highly water-absorbent resin material is housed in a three-dimensional base body having a horizontally long cavity for fixing the horizontally long surface to the ground surface with respect to the water intrusion direction. To make the front surface of the substrate in direct contact with water water-permeable, and
The other surface of the substrate is made watertight, and the back surface of the substrate is formed as a surface inclined to the front side.

[Action]

In the present invention, only the front surface of the substrate facing in the direction of water entry is water permeable, so that water enters the substrate from there, causing the super absorbent polymer to undergo water absorption gelation and expansion. Also, except for the front surface of the base, it is waterproof,
The water that penetrates from the front surface of the substrate causes the highly water-absorbent resin material to spread and expand toward the back surface of the substrate. Further, since the back surface of the substrate is formed into a surface inclined to the front side, as the expansion proceeds, the upper portion of the substrate is efficiently filled with the highly water-absorbent resin material that has gelled, The base material filled with the super absorbent polymer has a large weight in a place close to the front surface, so that it can withstand the force of water entering.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, (1) is a dam body, (2) is a steel or plastic or aluminum triangular prismatic frame that constitutes the framework of the dam body (1), and (4) is each corner of the frame (2). (6) and (6a) are water-proof cloths attached to both sides of the frame (2), and (8) is water-proof cloth attached to the back of the frame (2). Cloth, (10) is a water-permeable cloth attached to the front surface of the frame (2), and (12) is a water-proof cloth attached to the lower surface of the frame (2). In addition, inside the frame (2) surrounded by water-proof and water-permeable cloths (6), (6a), (8), and (10), respectively, the dry state with respect to the volume inside the frame (2) 3 to 4% by volume (if necessary, more) of super absorbent resin is stored. The water-permeable cloth (10) is, for example, a 50-300 mesh fiber, knitted fabric, or non-woven fabric made of a material such as natural fiber, artificial fiber, metal fiber, or mineral fiber. Alternatively, it may be formed by heat sealing a sheet of thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene. In that case, water is passed through the bank (1), and the bag is provided with minute holes that are no longer exposed even if the highly water-absorbent resin material is supplied with water to form water-absorbing gel. The most suitable material in terms of strength is a woven fabric made of a slit yarn in which a film or sheet of a stretched thermoplastic resin such as polypropylene is slit, and it is possible to pass water well to expose the gelled water-insoluble resin material. Absent.

As the water-proof cloth (6), (6a), (10), (12), for example, a water-proof cloth or a sheet of thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene can be used. The highly water-absorbent resin material is a material that rapidly and abundantly converts water into a water-absorptive gel, and includes a highly water-absorbent resin and a mixed molded product of the highly water-absorbent resin and a fibrous material. For example, a highly water-absorbent resin includes (hydrophilic and / or water-soluble monomer) and / or (monomer that becomes hydrophilic and / or water-soluble by hydrolysis) (A) and polysaccharide (B). Combined, a polymer of (A) and a crosslinking agent (C), or (A) and (B)
It is a polymer obtained by polymerizing (C) as an essential component and optionally hydrolyzing it, and two or more kinds of these hydrophilic crosslinked polymers may be used in combination. Incidentally. The polymers of (A) and (B) are
Hydrolysates of starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymers, cellulose-acrylic acid graft copolymers and salts thereof and the like. The polymers of (A) and (C) are polyacrylamide crosslinked with a divinyl compound (such as methylenebisacrylamide) and a partial hydrolyzate thereof, crosslinked Poval, JP-A-52-14689, and JP-A-52-27455. Examples include crosslinked vinyl ester-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer saponification products and crosslinked polyethylene oxides described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-242242. or
Polymers obtained by polymerizing (A), (B) and (C) as essential components and optionally hydrolyzing them are JP-B-53-46199, JP-B-53-46200 and JP-B-53-46200. There are cross-linked starch-acrylamide graft copolymers, cross-linked starch-acrylic acid graft copolymers and salts thereof described in JP-A-55-4462.

The particle size of the polymer particles is usually 5 to 5000 μ or less, preferably 20.
˜500 μm, and the polymer particles usually have a water absorption capacity of 60 ml / g or more. The mixed molded product of the super absorbent polymer and the fibrous material is a mixture of the above super absorbent resin and the fibrous material or a product obtained by pressure molding of these. Fibrous materials include natural fibers (cellulosic plant fibers, such as paper, cotton, straw, sawdust, grass charcoal, pulp, etc., animal fibers such as silk and wool), artificial fibers (cellulosic ones, such as rayon. , Acetate, etc.)
Synthetic fiber (polyamide, polyester, acrylic, etc.)
And the like, inorganic fibers such as asbestos and perlite, and combinations of two or more of these. Among these, preferred are fibers or vegetable fibrous substances capable of becoming fibrous in water (hereinafter, organic fibrous substances are simply referred to as fibers) such as paper, crushed paper, cotton, pulp, and grass charcoal. Of these, crushed paper is particularly preferable. It is also possible to use a form in which uncrushed small paper pieces (for example, about 1 to 50 mm) are included in the crushed paper, and other fibers can be used in addition to the crushed paper. The ratio of crushed paper to other fibers is usually 100: 1.99, preferably 100: 0-5.
It is 0:50.

The fibers may be in the form of powder, for example, finely crushed or ground fibers to form a powder, and fibrous, for example, single fibers (usually having a thickness of 100 denier or less) cut, or a plurality of fibers bundled together. , Woven fabric, non-woven fabric, knitted fabric, sheet (for example, paper), etc., or those loosened. The length of the fiber is not particularly limited, but usually 0.01 to 50 mm, preferably 0.01 to 50 mm
Is.

In addition, the usage ratio of super absorbent resin and fibrous material is usually 5/95 ~
90/10 (weight ratio), more preferably 20 / 80-80 / 20
Is.

The obtained mixture of both is pressure-molded to a bulk specific gravity of preferably 0.3 g / cm ³ or more. More preferably, it is 0.7 g / cm ³ or more. As the method of pressure molding, a method of pressure molding into pellets in a mold at room temperature and a method of pressure molding into a sheet, rod or block at room temperature, and then cutting or crushing to an appropriate size Can be given. Also,
For pressure molding, heat (for example, 20 to 150 ° C), heat (60 to 100)
%).

The pressure at the time of pressure molding has a bulk specific gravity of 0.
The pressure may be ³ g / cm ³ or more, usually 1 to 30
00Kg / cm ² is preferably 100 to 2,000 kg / cm ^2. The pressure molding can be performed using, for example, a roll press machine, a hydraulic half board press machine, a screw press machine, or the like. Examples of the roll press machine include a corrugating machine having a wavy roll specification, a calendar machine, and a briquette machine.

The shape of the obtained pressure-molded product may be arbitrary, and examples thereof include various shapes such as a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, a cubic shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a conical shape, a pyramidal shape, a rod shape, a sheet shape, and a roll shape.
The size is such that the shortest diameter of the pressure-formed product is usually 10 cm or less, preferably 3 cm or less.

Superabsorbent resin has a strong affinity for water by its nature, and when water is rapidly contacted with it, a water-absorbing gel is formed only on the surface, which prevents it from absorbing a large amount of water. In some cases, it may not be possible to effectively utilize the water absorption capacity of. However, when superabsorbent resin is mixed with fibrous material, pressure molded, and made into granules to absorb water, even if water is brought into rapid contact, water moves inside the granules due to the fibrous material, so that the water-absorbing gel only on the surface. Is not generated, and the subsequent water absorption is not hindered, and water of several hundred times to several thousand times the own weight, which is the water absorption capacity of the super absorbent polymer, is efficiently supplied.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of FIG. In the figure, (14)
Is the one in which the foot (4) is driven into the ground surface and the bank (1) is fixed to the ground surface (14). (16) is running water, (16a) is the water surface of the running water (16), (18) is a super absorbent resin material, and arrow A shows the inflow direction of the running water (16). In this invention, the bank (1) is the running water (16).
The levee body (1) is arranged with its front facing the inflow direction (arrow A).

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the super absorbent polymer (18) in FIG. In the figure, (16b) and (16c) show the states where the water level (16a) rises and rises, respectively. Further, (18a) to (18e) show the superabsorbent resin material (18) which has been made into a water-absorbent gel, and expands as shown in the direction of the arrow B as the diameter increases.

The inventor of the present invention, as a result of research on the relationship between the expansion due to water-absorption gelation of the super absorbent polymer (18) and the morphology of the bank (1), the morphology of the bank (1) is the inflow direction of water, Super absorbent resin (1
It was clarified that it is related to the direction of expansion and the shape of the space in the direction of expansion due to water absorption gelation in 8). Further, when the highly water-supplying resin material (18) is water-absorbent gel and becomes a bank (1),
It was also clarified that the distribution of the force applied to the ground surface (14) needs to be adapted to the pressure of running water (especially dynamic pressure) applied to the bank (1). There are various possible forms of the bank body (1), but the superabsorbent resin material (18) expands in the water inflow direction (arrow A) as shown in FIG. Therefore, it has been clarified that it is desirable to provide the back surface (8a) of the bank body (1) with a downward slope toward the front with respect to the inflow direction of water (arrow A). Also, the dam body (1) is provided with fixing means, but if the pressure of running water is large,
It was clarified that the large weight at the position close to the surface contacting the running water of (1) stably exerts the function as the bank (1). In Figure 3, running water is in front of the bank (1).
If the force applied to (10a) is F and the force applied to the ground surface (14) from the bottom (12a) of the dam body (1) is F ₁ , F ₂ , F ₃ from the inflow side, the dam body (1 ) Form F ₁ > F ₂ > F ₃ and F
₁ is increased to oppose the force F of running water.

Fig. 4 is a side sectional view of Fig. 1 as in Fig. 2, but the water level of the running water (16) becomes high and the inside of the bank (1) is a water-absorbent gel of superabsorbent resin (18). It shows a state of being filled with a compound.

FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the back surface (20) of the dam body (1) is a curved surface, and other than that is the same as the dam body (1) shown in FIG. By the way, in the above example, the foot (4) is driven into the ground surface (14) to fix the dam body (1) to the ground surface (14), but the dam body (1) is fixed by other fixing means. You may.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, (30) is the same bank body as that shown in FIG. 1 except that the fixing foot (4) is removed. And this bank (30)
Has a water-swellable sealing material (32) attached to the lower part thereof, and is installed on the concrete surface (14a) through the sealing material (32). When brought into contact with water, the water-swellable sealing material (32) takes in water by a hydrogen bond or the like and swells due to a special molecular structure, and exhibits a stable water-stopping effect.
For example, Aquaprene C (trade name), Aquaprene D (tradename), Aquaprene DX manufactured by Sanyo Kasei KK
(Product name) etc.

In the case of this levee body (30), since the sealing material (32) is attached, the foot (4) should be smooth and firm like the concrete surface (14a), as well as a slightly uneven surface. Even if it is not driven in, it can be easily installed via the sealing material (32). Then, in order to firmly fix the bank body (30) to such a surface (14a), concrete nails may be driven in and the bank body (30) may be fixed to it with a rope or the like, or the sealing material (32 ) May be provided with a piece, and a weight may be placed on the piece.

〔The invention's effect〕

Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following various effects are produced.

Normal storage and transportation are easy because the weight of the superabsorbent resin is small and the water-absorbent resin is in a dry state.

The installation method is simple and labor and time can be saved.

Even if the force of the incoming water is large, it is possible to stop the water with a small levee body.

It is possible to easily respond to an emergency disaster.

Since it can be installed regardless of the hardness of the ground surface, it is effective for urban disasters.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view thereof, FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a state in which a super absorbent polymer expands, and FIG. 4 is FIG. FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, (1) and (30) are levee bodies, (2) are frames, (4) are feet, (6), (6a), (8) and (12) are water-proof cloths, and (10) Is a water-permeable cloth, (14), (14a) is the surface of the ground, (16) is running water, (16a) ~ (16c) is the water surface, (18), (18a) ~ (18c) is a super absorbent resin material, (32) is a sealing material.

Front page continued (72) Inventor Koju Takano 1-2-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nihon Steel Pipe Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kunio Sakagami 11-1 Hitotino-honcho, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto Prefecture Sanyo Chemical Industries Incorporated (72) Inventor Manabu Yamamoto 11-1 Hitotsubanohonmachi, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto Sanyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A water-absorbent resin material is housed in a three-dimensional base body having a horizontally long cavity fixed to the surface of the earth with a horizontally long surface positioned with respect to the water intrusion direction. A simple levee body, wherein the front surface of the base body in contact with the base body is made water-permeable, and the other surface of the base body is made water-stopper, and the back surface of the base body is formed as a surface inclined to the front side.