JPH064963B2 - Snow surface maintenance method of artificial facility - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a snow surface maintenance method for an artificial facility that keeps the snow surface in a gliding compatible state.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, in artificial facilities, it is generally common to adjust and manage the temperature of the air on the snow surface to prevent the snow surface from melting, but regarding the humidity of the air on the snow surface, No consideration was given because it was not directly related.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

However, conventionally, there is a problem in that the snow surface is in a so-called non-slip state even though the temperature is a temperature at which the snow surface can be kept in a gliding compatible state.

As a result of studying this problem, the air on the snow surface is sequentially replenished with water by the breathing of a skier in the facility. Therefore, the dew point temperature of the air on the snow surface is the temperature of the snow surface (for example, − 2) to -3 ° C) and the moisture in the air causes frost to form on the snow surface, and this frost causes the snow surface to slip poorly. Came to do.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems by adjusting the air on the snow surface.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

A first characteristic means of the present invention is to dehumidify air on a snow surface by a dehumidifying means to prevent moisture in the air from frosting on the snow surface. The effects are as follows.

[Action]

In other words, as an adjustment for the air above the snow surface, the air above the snow surface is dehumidified by the dehumidifying means, so that the dew point temperature of the air above the snow surface can be adjusted even when water is replenished by the breathing of a runner. By keeping the temperature below the temperature, in other words, by keeping the moisture vapor pressure of the air above the snow surface below the vapor pressure of the snow surface, it is possible to prevent frost formation on the snow surface.

〔The invention's effect〕

As a result of the above, according to the first characteristic means of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the frost from forming on the snow surface and maintain the snow surface in the artificial facility in a state where the snow surface slides well and is very suitable for gliding.

Further, in the case where the melting of the snow surface is prevented by cooling, the frost formation on the snow surface (that is, the latent heat transfer from the air on the snow surface to the snow surface side) as described above prevents the snow surface from being cooled. It is possible to prevent an increase in load as well, and in particular, because the refrigerator requires a low temperature operation to cool the snow surface and the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator is poor, it is possible to prevent an increase in load as described above, which also saves energy. Can be achieved effectively.

[Second to Fifth Characteristic Means of the Present Invention] A second characteristic means of the snow surface maintaining method for an artificial facility according to the present invention is that an adsorption type dehumidifying device is used as the dehumidifying means. According to the means, in the dehumidification using the adsorption type dehumidifier, there is a characteristic that the temperature of the treated air rises due to the dehumidification. In order to prevent the temperature in the gliding area from becoming too low (especially in winter when the ambient temperature is low), it is possible to effectively use the temperature rise of air due to the above dehumidification.
While keeping the snow surface in good condition by preventing frost due to dehumidification, at the same time, keep the running area on the snow surface in a comfortable area where the temperature is not too low and there is little thermal shock for the runner. Is advantageous in.

A third characteristic means of the snow surface maintaining method for an artificial facility according to the present invention is to use a cooling and dehumidifying device as the dehumidifying means. According to the third characteristic means, a cooling and dehumidifying device is used. In dehumidification, the treated air is cooled with dehumidification. Therefore, in order to suppress the transfer of sensible heat from the air on the snow surface to the snow surface (especially in the summer when the ambient temperature is high), You can effectively use the cooling of the air, thereby preventing frost due to dehumidification and keeping the snow surface smooth
In addition, it is possible to save energy in preventing melting of the snow surface.

A fourth characteristic means of the snow surface maintenance method for an artificial facility according to the present invention uses an adsorption type dehumidifying device as the dehumidifying means when the ambient temperature is low, and as the dehumidifying means when the ambient temperature is high. The cooling and dehumidifying device is used. According to the fourth characteristic means, as described in the description of the second and third characteristic means, the adsorption type dehumidifying device is used for dehumidifying the air on the snow surface. This is especially significant when the ambient temperature is low (mainly in the winter) in preventing the temperature of the runway on the snow surface from becoming too low and maintaining the comfort of the runway. The use of a cooling and dehumidifying device to dehumidify the upper air is effective in suppressing the sensible heat transfer from the air above the snow surface to the snow surface to save energy in preventing snow surface melting, when the ambient temperature is high (mainly This is especially significant during the summer), so the adsorption-type dehumidifier and cooling reduction By selectively using the humidifier and the ambient air temperature as described above, it is possible to effectively use the characteristics of both types of dehumidifiers, effectively improve both the comfort of the runway and save energy. It is extremely advantageous in the operation of artificial facilities.

A fifth characteristic means of the snow surface maintaining method for an artificial facility according to the present invention adjusts the dehumidifying amount by the dehumidifying means so that the vapor pressure of the snow surface and the moisture vapor pressure of the air are substantially equal. In particular, according to the fifth characteristic means, it is possible to prevent and prevent frost formation on the snow surface that occurs when the water vapor pressure of air on the snow surface is higher than the vapor pressure of the snow surface. When the vapor pressure of the snow is higher than the moisture vapor pressure of the air on the snow surface, it is possible to prevent and prevent moisture from escaping from the snow surface. In this way, By preventing and preventing both the frost on the ground surface and the water loss from the snow surface, the snow surface can be more effectively maintained in a sliding conforming state with good sliding.

In particular, when forming a snow surface by forming a snow layer containing solid particles such as resin, if water escapes from the snow surface, the above-mentioned solid particles will be exposed on the snow surface in a large amount. As described above, the slippage is significantly deteriorated, and thus it is particularly effective to prevent the moisture from escaping from the snow surface as described above, in order to maintain the sliding-adapted state.

〔Example〕

 Next, examples will be described.

The drawing shows the equipment structure of the indoor artificial ski resort, (1) the building, (2) the inclined floor with heat insulating means, (3) the refrigerant pipe laid across almost the entire inclined floor (2), (4) cools the refrigerant (brine) circulated in the refrigerant pipe (3) (for example, -1
Low temperature refrigerator (4 ℃ ~ -22 ℃), (5) air conditioner, (6) air conditioner (5) internal cooling coil (for example, chilled water coil +5 ℃ ~ +7 chilled water coil), (7) is an air conditioner (5) with internal cooling and dehumidification equipment, (8) is an adsorption type dehumidification equipment, and (9) is a suction port (10).
Indoor air (A) sucked in from the outside air duct (11) is combined with the outside air and passed through the air conditioner (5) or adsorption type dehumidifier (8), and then indoors from the outlet (12). Air-conditioning air passage to blow out to (13) is suction air from the suction port (10) Indoor air (A)
A damper mechanism that switches the air passage between the state where the combined air of the air and the outside air is passed to the air conditioner (5) and the state where it is passed to the adsorption type dehumidifier (8), and (14) is an amount equivalent to the outside air intake amount. This is an exhaust air duct that disposes indoor air (A) outdoors.

For the formation of the snow surface (15a), first add an appropriate amount of water to the sloping floor.
Spray over the entire surface of (2) and use this sprayed water as the refrigerant pipe.
Freeze by cooling by (3), and by repeating this, a thin layer of ice is laminated on the sloping floor (2) to give a predetermined thickness (d ₁ )
Forming an ice layer (16).

The amount of water sprayed once is adjusted so that the sprayed water does not immediately freeze and run down on the sloping floor (2).

A suitable thickness (d ₁ ) of the ice layer (16) is about 100 to 150 m / m.

Following the formation of the ice layer (16), the sled (17a) and rotary cutting blade
A self-propelled cutting device (17) equipped with (17b) is run over the entire surface of the ice layer (16), and in parallel with this running, a rotary cutting blade (17
Artificial snow is generated by thinly shaving the ice layer (16) by b) and pulverizing it.

Then, by repeating this cutting running, the artificial snow layer (15) having a predetermined thickness (d ₂ ) on the ice layer (16) (here, compared with the above-mentioned ice layer (16), air inclusion due to atomization The layer with the larger amount is called the snow layer).

The grain size of the artificial snow is adjusted by adjusting the depth of one cut of the rotary cutting blade (17b) with respect to the ice layer (16), and by adjusting the grain size, artificial snow suitable for downhill is generated.

The appropriate thickness (d ₂ ) of the snow layer (15) is about 20 to 50 m / m.

In addition, as the spray water that forms the ice layer (16), water mixed with a surfactant, a water-swelling material, or the like is used for the purpose of facilitating the generation of artificial snow by pulverizing ice. Although it is good, if these mixed materials are used, the heat transfer coefficient of the ice layer (16) will decrease and the refrigerant temperature required to prevent melting of the snow layer (15) on the ice layer (16) will be low. Therefore, the equipment cost and running cost of the low temperature refrigerator (4) increase, and the material cost of the mixed material increases, which is economically disadvantageous.

Therefore, it is economically advantageous as a whole for the spray water that forms the ice layer (16) to use only water that does not mix the contaminating material, even if it offsets the cost required for pulverizing the ice. Suitable for practical use.

In addition, when using a mixed material, in addition to being low in material cost, a material that does not reduce the heat transfer coefficient of the ice layer (16) or that has a minimum decrease in heat transfer coefficient should be selected. Furthermore, by using a mixed material with a particle size as small as possible, by reducing the air bubbles contained in the ice layer (16),
Suppression of lower heat transfer coefficient of the ice layer (16) should also be implemented.

The snow surface (15a) is melted by the refrigerant pipe (3) as described above in the ice layer.
(16) and the snow layer (15) are cooled to maintain the snow surface (15a) at a predetermined low temperature (ts) (for example, ts = -2 ° C to -3 ° C) throughout the year, thereby preventing snowfall. The surface (15a) is kept in a downhill conforming state, but when the ambient temperature (outdoor temperature in this example) is high and the amount of heat entering indoors is large (mainly in the summer), the damper mechanism (13) is installed in the air conditioner (5 ) The cooling coil (6) is operated with switching to the distribution side, and the operation of this cooling coil (6) cools (i.e., cools) the indoor air (A), which makes it comfortable for the downhillers. Keep the condition and refrigerant piping
Helps prevent melting of the snow surface (15a) by cooling with (3).

For the adjustment of indoor air (A), in addition to the indoor air cooling by operating the cooling coil (6) when the ambient temperature is high, the moisture in the indoor air (A) due to the breathing of a downhill person or the intake of outside air. While there is replenishment, the cooling and dehumidifying device (7) operates with the damper mechanism (13) switched to the air conditioner (5) distribution side, or the damper mechanism (13) is adsorbed ( 8) The indoor air (A) is dehumidified by one of the operation of the adsorption type dehumidifier (8) when switched to the distribution side, and the indoor air (A) is dehumidified by this dehumidification.
To keep the dew point temperature (tp) of the snow surface (15a) below (ts≤ts) (in other words, the moisture vapor pressure of the indoor air (A) is the vapor pressure of the snow surface (15a)). By keeping it below), the moisture in the indoor air (A) is prevented from frosting on the snow surface (15a),
As a result, the snow surface (15a) is kept in a so-called smooth condition.

Regarding the proper use of the cooling and dehumidifying device (7) and the adsorption type dehumidifying device (8), the cooling and dehumidifying device in which the process air is cooled with dehumidification
(7) is used when the ambient temperature is high and the amount of heat entering the room is large (mainly in the summer), and the air cooling accompanying dehumidification to prevent frost on the snow surface (15a) is used. Helps to make indoors comfortable by removing the amount of heat entering indoors, and also helps prevent melting of snow surface (15a) by suppressing sensible heat transfer from indoor air (A) to snow surface (15a). Especially effective use.

In the operation of the air conditioner (5), the cooling / dehumidifying device (7) and the cooling coil (6) may be operated in parallel depending on a temperature load and a humidity load, or may be operated independently.

On the other hand, in contrast to the cooling dehumidifier (7), the adsorption type dehumidifier (8) in which the temperature of the treated air increases with dehumidification is used when the ambient temperature is low (mainly in winter) The air temperature rise associated with dehumidification for preventing frost is effectively used to suppress the indoor temperature from becoming too low and to make the room comfortable.

More specifically, for the above-mentioned dehumidification, the cooling dehumidification device (7)
Or in the dehumidification by the adsorption type dehumidifier (8), the dehumidification amount is adjusted and controlled so that the vapor pressure of the snow surface (15a) and the moisture vapor pressure of the indoor air (A) are almost equal, Thus, both of the frost formation on the snow surface and the water dissipation from the snow surface, which are the causes of the slipping of the snow surface (15a), are suppressed and prevented.

A refrigerator (not shown) other than the low temperature refrigerator (4) is connected to the cooling coil (6) of the air conditioner (5), and the ice layer (16) and the snow layer ( In order to prevent melting of (15), low temperature operation is required, so the coefficient of performance is poor.
6) and the snow layer (15) are used only for cooling and the capacity is made small to save energy.

[Another embodiment]

 Next, another embodiment will be listed.

(A) The cooling means for preventing melting of the snow surface (15a) is not limited to the refrigerant pipe (3) laid on the floor (2), and various types can be applied, for example, the snow surface ( A type of cooling the air on the snow surface (15a) may be adopted so as to prevent the snow surface (15a) from melting by cooling the air on the snow surface.

(B) As the dehumidifying means, only one of the cooling dehumidifying device and the adsorption type dehumidifying device may be used, or another type of dehumidifying device may be used.

(C) Instead of dehumidifying all of the indoor air (A) as in the above-described embodiment, a method is used that dehumidifies only the air layer in an appropriate height range from the snow surface (15a). You may adopt it.

(D) The present invention can also be applied to an artificial facility in which the sliding area on the snow surface (15a) is an open space.

(E) The snow surface (15a) is not limited to an inclined snow surface that inclines in one direction, and may be an undulating snow surface or a flat snow surface used for practicing Nordic skiing, for example.

(F) Snow forming the snow surface (15a) may be either artificial snow generated by various methods or natural snow.

It should be noted that reference numerals are added to the claims for convenience of comparison with the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the structures of the accompanying drawings by the entry.

[Brief description of drawings]

 The drawings are equipment configuration diagrams showing an embodiment of the present invention. (7), (8) ... dehumidification means, (15a) ... snow surface, (A) ... air.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A method for maintaining a snow surface of an artificial facility for keeping the snow surface (15a) in a gliding compatible state, wherein air (A) on the snow surface (15a) is dehumidifying means (7), (8). The method for maintaining a snow surface of an artificial facility, which dehumidifies the water to prevent the moisture in the air (A) from frosting on the snow surface (15a). 2. The snow surface maintenance method for an artificial facility according to claim 1, wherein an adsorption type dehumidifying device (8) is used as the dehumidifying means. 3. The method for maintaining a snow surface of an artificial facility according to claim 1, wherein a cooling and dehumidifying device (7) is used as the dehumidifying means. 4. An adsorption type dehumidifying device (8) is used as the dehumidifying means when the ambient temperature is low, and a cooling dehumidifying device (7) is used as the dehumidifying means when the ambient temperature is high. Item 1. A snow surface maintenance method for an artificial facility according to Item 1. 5. The dehumidifying means for making the vapor pressure of the snow surface (15a) and the moisture vapor pressure of the air (A) substantially equal.
The method for maintaining a snow surface of an artificial facility according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the dehumidifying amount according to (7) and (8) is adjusted.