JPH0657339B2 - Method and apparatus for applying multi-component resin and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

In the process of the invention, multi-component resins are applied to porous, granular materials intended for subsequent consolidation. Application is carried out by feeding the components, physically separated from each other, under relatively high pressure, to a mixing chamber, mixing them by turbulent means in the mixing chamber, and applying the resulting mixture, at relatively low pressure, as a thin curtain in laminar flow to the material. The simplest form of the device of the invention comprises: a) separate feed lines for the components at relatively high pressure; b) a mixing chamber preferably designed as a static mixer; c) a fan spray nozzle working at relatively low pressure. The process and device are used to increase the sound-absorption and/or ease-of-cleaning characteristics of a railway track, to increase the cross-sliding resistance of railway sleepers on ballast, and to smooth the transition between a soft and hard railway track.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for applying a porous resin to a porous granular material to be compressed, particularly a dense loose material by tapping after compression. Is. Such typical materials are, for example, gravel for rail cars, other finer granular stone deposits on such gravel, as well as for road construction to be joined together without loss of water permeability. Sand and pebble deposits. For gravel for railway vehicles, German patent application P3941141.9 by the applicant.
According to U.S. Pat. No. 5,867,009, a bond is achieved especially in the transition region between the soft and hard regions. German patent application P40 by the applicant
Further, according to 14529.8, the joints, especially on curves, would make sense to increase the skid resistance of railroad ties on gravel. German patent application P3941142.7 by the applicant
According to U.S. Pat. No. 6,962,639, finer granular deposits on such gravel are joined using a multi-component resin in order to increase noise absorption and / or cleanliness of the railroad tracks. In particular, the joining of pebbles and sand while preserving water permeability and porosity is done to ensure rapid surface drainage and thereby reduce traffic noise even in rain.

In all of these cases, as well as in similar areas of application for joining porous granular or bulk materials using multicomponent resins, at least in the upper part each part is wetted and at least at the contact point. Then, it is required to apply the multi-component resin in a sufficient amount as uniformly as possible so that an adhesion bridge is formed. Any excess of multi-component resin will flow down and further coat the material there. Never fill the voids. Because this would impede the porosity of the bonded bulk material and its permeability to water and other liquids. Therefore, the multicomponent resin should not be too viscous and should not be a thixotrope if possible. The curing reaction must occur only after a layer of bulk material of sufficient depth has been coated with the multi-component resin rather than filling the entire volume. Multi-component resins are generally very reactive substances that, when treated, will probably cause irritation of the skin and mucous membranes, so the formation of mist (fog from spraying) should be suppressed or avoided altogether. Furthermore, processing in tunnels or in enclosed spaces should be done without the use of solvents. In principle, this requirement can also be applied in the field, since solvents that evaporate immediately or later present an environmental burden that should be avoided if possible. Nevertheless, multicomponent resins must be able to be applied quickly, conveniently and completely to keep material and wage costs as low as possible.

This contradictory, difficult and partially contradictory problem is that the components are physically separated from each other and fed to the mixing chamber at relatively high pressure, mixed by turbulent means in the mixing chamber, and compared as a mixture. It can be solved in a surprisingly simple way of applying the material as a thin curtain of laminar flow at very low pressure.

Preferably, by selecting the components and optionally suitable additives, the viscosity of the mixture is increased to 300-1000 mPa · s and the surface tension is reduced. These two properties contribute to the fact that the thin curtain of mixture does not disintegrate quickly enough to produce fog.

Here, the ingredients and additives should be free of solvents and the like. Furthermore, the addition of solvent should be completely stopped.

Fan spray nozzle operation at relatively low pressure is particularly suitable for producing a thin curtain of laminar exiting mixture. Suitable fan spray nozzles can be found, for example, in Hamburg Spraying Systems Germany Ltd.
The Systems Deutsc hland GmbH), flat jet (FlatJet ^R) nozzles and flood jet (FloodJ
et _R ) Provided under nozzle designation. These fan spray nozzles provide a thin curtain of fine liquid particles containing a substantial amount of mist when using conventional low viscosity materials such as water and flushing aqueous solutions. It was not initially predictable that the fan spray nozzle could be used to release the multi-component resin in such a way that the resulting curtain did not disintegrate too quickly and did not fog. In particular, when the mixture emerges from the nozzle only 2-6 bar (preferably 3.
With a pressure of 5-5 bar) a thin curtain of laminar mixture is obtained. This curtain usually has at least 10
As mentioned above, although it is usually held as it is for 20 cm, and only after that, it is divided into a single jet and actually becomes a relatively large droplet, but it is never a fog to be avoided.

Prior to discharge from the fan spray nozzle, the individual components of the multi-component resin should be as fast and powerful as possible to minimize the amount of each mixture produced in order to minimize the loss of material due to interruptions in operation. Must be mixed. Thus, according to the invention, the components must be turbulently mixed in the mixing chamber. Static mixers have proven to be particularly valuable. These are relatively short pipes with a continuous left-handed and right-handed helix, which results in turbulent flow of components and complete mixing.

According to the invention, the supply lines for the individual components to the static mixer must be of relatively high pressure. Pressures of 30 to 200 bar (preferably 50 to 150 bar) have been found to be suitable. The reduction is so great in this relatively high pressure static mixer that the final mixture emerges from the fan spray nozzle with a residual pressure of only 2-6 bar.

The residence time of the multi-component resin in the mixing chamber or static mixer is substantially shorter than the so-called pot life of the final mixture. Thus, the mixture applied to the bulk material in the manner according to the invention maintains its relatively low viscosity for a time sufficient to spread and wet through a sufficiently thick layer of the bulk material.

However, it is never permissible for the components of the multi-component resin to come into contact with each other or react within the feed line from the line to the mixing chamber. Therefore, it is convenient to ensure each separate supply path for the components by means of a check valve. further,
Most advantageously, each supply line of this is instead connected to a compressed air line secured by a check valve, respectively. If one component is intentionally turned off or the supply of one component is interrupted, either deliberately or unintentionally, the compressed air causes a discharge from the supply channel to the mixing chamber and from there to a fan spray nozzle. After a short time, a thin curtain of liquid-air mixture emerges from it and is immediately perceptible both visually and audibly, resulting in an interruption of the entire processing operation.

The lines and mixing chambers are also cleaned with compressed air upon the intended interruption or completion of processing operations. No further cleaning with solvent is usually required.

The object of the present invention is therefore primarily a method according to the method claims above. Another object of the present invention is: a) a separate feed path for the components under relatively high pressure, b) a mixing chamber, preferably designed as a static mixer, c) a fan spray nozzle for relatively low pressure, d) preferably a separate compressed air channel leading to the component supply channel, and e) a tip and an end of each component supply channel and a check valve provided in the compressed air channel. It is a device for.

Thus, in the simplest case, the device consists of a separate feed for the components under relatively high pressure, a mixing chamber and a fan spray nozzle for relatively low pressure. Preferably the device has a separate compressed air path leading to the component supply path. For convenience, the supply passages and compressed air passages for each component are ensured by a check valve, so that unintentional penetration of one or more components into parts of the device other than the mixing chamber and the fan spray nozzle is avoided.

When using a static mixer, the device is relatively simple and easy to operate, so manual operation is very suitable. The delivery of the device is preferably accomplished using flexible tubing. Thus, for a two-component resin, two tubes for the components and one tube for compressed air are sufficient.

Preferred multi-component resins are epoxy resin adhesives as well as polyurethane resin adhesives. A third or fourth liquid component may be readily used in special applications. Therein, in particular, the surface tension, the viscosity and the reaction time will be adapted to each particular situation, otherwise these additional components will pre-mix and reduce the stability of the main components.

Other additives may be flame retardants, defoamers, suspensions of colored pigments, etc. intended for use only in certain places or in particularly hazardous areas.

FIG. 1 of the annex shows a device according to the invention for applying a two-component resin having components A and B.

In this figure, 1 represents a fan spray nozzle, 2 represents a static mixer, 3A represents a supply path for the A component, 3B represents a supply path for the B component, and 4 represents It represents a separate supply passage for compressed air, and 5 represents a check valve in the component supply passage and the compressed air supply passage.

Another object of the present invention is the use of a method and apparatus for applying a multi-component resin, a) to increase noise absorption and / or cleanliness of a railroad track, wherein the particle size is 63 mm or less in diameter,
Stone deposits, preferably in the range of 30 mm or less, are used on railways and compressed by spraying with a multi-component epoxy resin spreading adhesive, b) to increase the skid resistance of railway sleepers on gravel, where Sprays the gravel with a multi-component epoxy resin spreader adhesive or a multi-component polyurethane resin adhesive, and c) to facilitate the transition between soft and hard rail tracks, where hard rails are used. The soft track following the end of the is compressed by spraying with a multi-component epoxy resin spread adhesive or a multi-component polyurethane resin adhesive, and the amount of adhesive applied is reduced to reduce the compression away from the rigid track. D) To join pebbles and sand in road construction while retaining water permeability and porosity.

In order to increase noise absorption and / or cleanliness of railway lines, the particle size should be 63 mm or less, preferably 30 mm.
Stone deposits in the following ranges are used on railroad and compressed by spraying with a multi-component epoxy resin spreadable adhesive.

Due to the narrow range of particle sizes, the layers formed according to this method are compact despite having a relatively large amount of voids. Because the spreading adhesive moves around the particles,
Therefore, it always reaches the contact point of the grains and bonds the grains together after hardening, but before that, it may fill the voids of things that move steadily along one grain surface, such as flowing out to the next grain below. Because there is no. Of importance in this connection is the range of particle sizes-preferably less than 25 mm, more preferably 20 mm.
mm or less-much smaller than the particle size of the optionally present gravel, and the particle size range depends on whether noise absorption or cleanliness is more desirable or which is better, but both functions You may choose uniformly to work equally well.

In general, the particle size will be limited to a particle size ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 3 (smallest grain to largest grain). It has been found convenient to have grains of 2-4 mm, 4-11 mm and 8-16 mm.

Also, the stone deposit may be used many times in various layers. Here, if the particle size increases from bottom to top, noise absorption is improved. The noise is divided downward and disappears.

The stone deposit may be composed of round grains or stone fragments.

The layers will serve primarily for noise absorption on and in buildings, and in bridges and tunnels, especially where hard roads, ie railroads, are laid on concrete.
The layers will serve cleanliness primarily at railway stations. The hardness of the layer surface-the depth of compression can be adjusted by the amount of adhesive applied by spraying-allows cleaning by e.g. steam jetting and similar suction.

A significant advantage is the good drainage of the layers produced according to the invention. This is not the case with previously known layers made of concrete or steel.

Another advantage is that after the layers have been crushed, such as for repairing sleepers, they can be restored with the same stone material. Generally instruct to raise the layer to the top of the sleeper. This also protects the crushed stones from scattering.

The present application will be described in more detail using the following aspects: Triple stone deposits are used for track embankments with a total thickness of 20-25 cm, depending on the situation. The bottom layer consists of quartz grains (round grains) with a grain size of 2-4 mm, and the intermediate layer has a grain size of 4-11 m.
m of stone fragments (basalt or limestone) and the top layer consists of stone particles (basalt or limestone) with a grain size of 8-16 mm. The bottom and middle layers each make up about 30% of the total thickness, and the top layer makes up about 40%.

An epoxy resin adhesive is sprayed onto this, for example in an amount of ² kg / m ² .

The adhesive is a two-component adhesive.

The resin component comprises a non-brominated bisphenol A resin and an alicyclic resin. To it are added monofunctional and / or bifunctional reactive thinners, phosphoric acid esters as flame retardants, silicic acid esters as primer and silicone defoamers.

The hardener component is composed of an amine adduct, an amide, a phenol-free Mannich base or mixtures thereof, benzyl alcohol as an accelerator, a silicate ester as a primer, and a silicone defoamer.

The adhesive forms a uniformly compressed layer down to a depth of about 10 cm. Immediately below, the compression is more gradual, and then everywhere else.

At the curve, centrifugal force is applied to the railroad track in addition to the weight of the train. The lateral force exerted on the sleeper tree may be eliminated at a constant train speed by laterally sloping the outer track. However, in general, trains of different speeds must run on the railway. If you consider slow freight trains, side ramping is limited.

To increase the skid resistance of railroad ties on the components, spray it with a multi-component epoxy resin adhesive or polyurethane resin adhesive.

The spreading adhesive travels around the crushed stone, thus always reaching the stone contact point to bond the stones together after hardening, but optionally before it flows out to the next stone below-- It moves steadily along the surface of the stone but does not fill the voids.
The adhesive, spread evenly by spraying, constantly compresses the flat surface of the gravel, forming bell mortar beneath it. With higher amounts of adhesive, these bell mortars form somewhat closer together. In some, bell stalactites reach as low as the bottom of the gravel and form an extra tip there. Reducing the amount of glue results in greater separation and reduction in length of the bell mortar. Thus, the amount of adhesive applied can be used to achieve controlled compaction of the gravel. Railroad ties embedded in gravel are therefore even more strongly anchored.

The anchorage is further improved when it is sprayed on railroad ties as well, thus obtaining a bond with the gravel in the same way as in gravel.

The amount of adhesive to be applied depends on the current situation. Generally 2
/ M < ² >, usually between 5 and 8 / m < ² >.

Examples of adhesives to be applied include the following: The resin component comprises a non-brominated bisphenol A resin and an alicyclic resin. To it are added monofunctional and / or difunctional reactive thinners, phosphoric acid esters as flame retardants, primer and silicic acid esters, and silicone defoamers.

The hardener component is composed of an amine adduct, an amide, a phenol-free Mannich base or mixtures thereof, benzyl alcohol as an accelerator, a silicate ester as a primer, and a silicone defoamer. Alternatively, a multi-component polyurethane resin adhesive could be used instead.

The adhesive is injected in an amount of, for example, 6 to 7 kg / m ² .

A particular advantage is that the method according to the invention also improves existing railway tracks in a convenient manner.

A soft railroad is understood to be a railroad track laid on gravel, and a hard railroad is generally understood to be a railroad track laid on or in a concrete building. Gravel is more flexible than concrete. When the weight of 20t is applied to the axle, the track will sink about 1.5-4mm, the large resistance will sink about 3mm, and only 0.5-1.5mm for concrete, usually about 1m.
m, because of the plastic layer between the concrete and the track.

This difference causes shocks or vibrations when the wheels transition from one railroad to another.

To facilitate the transition between soft and hard railroad tracks, spray a multi-component epoxy resin spread adhesive or a multi-component polyurethane resin adhesive to glue the soft rails that follow the ends of the hard rails, And by reducing the amount of adhesive applied, compression is achieved progressively away from the rigid line.

Preferably, the compression is initially the same for some time and then taper.

The spreading adhesive travels around the crushed stone, thus always reaching the stone contact point to bond the stones together after hardening, but optionally before it flows out to the next stone below-- It moves steadily along the surface of the stone but does not fill the voids.
The present invention recognizes that such compression is very well controlled by the amount of adhesive applied and can be controlled to a great extent by the local distribution of the adhesive.
The adhesive, spread evenly by spraying, constantly compresses the flat surface of the gravel, forming bell mortar beneath it. With higher amounts of adhesive, these bell mortars form somewhat closer together. In some, bell stalactites reach as low as the bottom of the gravel and form an extra tip there. Decreasing the amount of glue results in greater separation and reduction in length of bell mortar.

In this way a kind of point grid is made as a monolithic block, which is grouped together with gravel in much or lesser layers depending on its density and in shallower or higher layers depending on its depth spread, It therefore reduces the mutual mobility of gravel stones to a greater or lesser extent and also reduces the flexibility of gravel.

In addition to the reversible mobility of gravel in elastic deformation, it also reduces the irreversible mutual replacement of gravel with time. This displacement causes the gravel to sink, thus further impacting during soft to hard transitions and the like.

For example, a section having a constant stability has a length of 5 to 15 m, and a section having a gradually decreasing stability has a length of, for example, 10 to 20 m.

Depending on its composition, apply the adhesive in an amount of 5-8 / m ² ,
Reduce to 1-2 / m ² .

FIG. 2 represents one aspect of the present invention. A vertical vertical section of the railway is shown, with one cut-out shown enlarged.

A railroad track with rails 11 on sleepers 12 extends from natural ground to a bridge 14. Pillows 12 are supported by gravel 15 on natural ground. On the bridge 14, the sleepers are directly on the concrete.

Adhesive that penetrates the gravel is applied to the section 16 following the bridge 14 of, for example, 10 m, and then to the section 17 of, for example, 15 m.
The gravel 15 is gradually and uniformly compressed by spraying the gravel. The reduction in compression results primarily from a reduction in the average depth of penetration of the adhesive. The reduction, at a smaller percentage, is due to the greater separation between the points where the adhesive extends downward in the form of bell mortar 18.

Adhesive is a two-component adhesive.

The resin component is composed of, for example, a non-brominated bisphenol A resin and an alicyclic resin. To it are added monofunctional and / or difunctional reactive thinners, phosphoric acid esters as flame retardants, silicic acid esters as primer and silicone defoamers.

The hardener component is composed of an amine adduct, an amide, a phenol-free Mannich base or mixtures thereof, benzyl alcohol as an accelerator, a silicate ester as a primer, and a silicone defoamer. Alternatively, a multi-component polyurethane resin adhesive could be used instead.

In block 16, is injected adhesive in an amount of 6~7kg / m ^2, and is injected while reducing uniformly to 1 kg / m ² in zone 17.

Front page continued (31) Priority claim number P4014529.8 (32) Priority date May 7, 1990 (33) Priority claim country Germany (DE) (31) Priority claim number P4023541.6 (32) Priority Date July 25, 1990 (33) Germany, Germany (DE)

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A method of applying a multi-component resin to a porous granular material to be compressed, wherein the components are physically separated from each other and fed into the mixing chamber at a pressure of 30 to 200 bar, and turbulent flow in the mixing chamber. Mixing by means and applying the mixture to the material in the form of a curtain-shaped flat film by laminar flow at a pressure of 2-6 bar. 2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the premature disintegration of the film and the formation of mist are prevented by an adhesive which reduces the surface tension and / or increases the viscosity of the mixture. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the operation is carried out without using a solvent. 4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a static mixer is used as the mixing chamber. 5. A supply valve according to claim 1, characterized in that each supply channel for the components is individually secured by a check valve and can be discharged through the mixing chamber by sending compressed air to each supply channel. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 4. 6. When the supply of one component to the mixing chamber is stopped,
6. A mixture of air and other components is discharged as a thin curtain of liquid / air mixture.
Method described in section. 7. A) for increasing noise absorption and / or cleanliness of a railroad track, wherein the particle size is 6 diameters.
Use stone deposits in the range of 3 mm or less, preferably 30 mm or less for railways to compress by spraying with a multi-component epoxy resin spreading adhesive, or b) to increase the skid resistance of railway sleepers on gravel. There, for spraying the gravel with a multi-component epoxy resin spreader adhesive or a multi-component polyurethane resin adhesive, and c) to facilitate the transition between soft and hard rail tracks, There, the soft track that follows the end of the hard track is compressed by spraying a multi-component epoxy resin spread adhesive or a multi-component polyurethane resin adhesive, and the compression is reduced from the hard track by reducing the amount of adhesive applied. Achieves progressively with distance, or d) Joins pebbles and sand in road construction while retaining water permeability and porosity. Because of, any one method according to Claims paragraphs 1 through 6 wherein. 8. A) separate feed for components under relatively high pressure, b) a mixing chamber, preferably designed as a static mixer, c) a fan spray nozzle for relatively low pressure, d). Preferably a multi-component resin consisting of a separate compressed air passage leading to the component supply passage and e) a tip and end of each component supply passage and a check valve provided in the compressed air passage is compressed. Equipment for coating porous granular materials.