JPH066006B2 - Seed gel coating equipment - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention improves seeding accuracy by making seeds large-sized and spherical to facilitate sowing, and the seeds are coated with a coating material containing a nutritional substance, a fungicide and the like. The present invention relates to an apparatus for seed coating performed for the purpose of protection.

[Conventional technology]

Seeds vary in size and shape and small or irregular seeds cannot be seeded.

As a countermeasure, coated seeds have been developed which protect seeds with a coating material containing a nutrient substance, a bactericide and the like, and make the seeds large spheres to facilitate sowing.

The conventional seed coating process is a method in which a drug such as a nutritional substance or a bactericide is coated around the seed, or the drug is added to a coating material such as clay or sugar to coat the periphery of the seed with a relatively hard material. There is one that forms a coating layer of.

Both have almost the same equipment used for coating.

That is, first, C was used as a binder on the seed surface.
It is generally composed of a spraying device that sprays MC (carboxymethyl cellulose), gelatin, etc. as a dilute aqueous solution, and a coating pan that forms a coating layer while rolling seeds coated with a dressing or coating material. Target.

In such a device, therefore, it is divided into two steps and it is not possible to carry out a continuous coating operation.

An apparatus has also been developed for performing the seed covering work in a single operation.

For example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 59-146504 and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-9.
As disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5811, an apparatus that achieves dressing or coating by using a rotating drum instead of a coating pan has been put into practical use. There is a problem that it is not possible to deal with the difference in seed properties depending on the type, and the seed body is structured so that an external force exceeding the allowable limit is applied.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

 The above conventional technique has the following problems.

(a) The dressing around the seeds had large variations in shape and thickness.

(b) It is very difficult to control the thickness of the coating in an appropriate amount, and in many cases, it does not germinate even after sowing due to the variation in thickness.

(c) In a device for coating a large amount of seeds, external force is applied to the seeds, which causes a problem of scratching or cracking.

(d) Seed having a shape far from a sphere was difficult to cover-form with a coating pan.

(e) Sealing seeds by coating causes a problem of insufficient oxygen supply.

(f) Light weight seeds are scattered and the coating material cannot be transferred well. (The minute lightweight seeds vibrate simply when vibration is used.) The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, enables efficient coating of the seeds, and moreover, the thickness of the coating layer depends on the size of the seeds. The present invention provides an automatic machine capable of arbitrarily adjusting the size of bubbles inside the pod.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention comprises a gel extruding part for flowing out gel and a seed feeding part provided above the gel pressing part for dropping seeds onto the flowing out gel, and the gel extruding part has a nozzle body having a valve seat at the lower end. And a cutting plunger that moves up and down in the nozzle body to open and close the valve seat, and supplies gel into the gel storage space 2
A cylindrical drum having individual cylinders, a reed valve that allows gel supply only in the direction of the gel storage space, and a seed feeding portion that is rotatably supported and has a small hole communicating with the inside, and a negative drum that applies negative pressure to the inside of the drum. It has a pressure source, a seed storage tank in which seeds contact the outer peripheral surface of the drum, and a closing member which contacts the inner peripheral surface of the drum to close the small holes.

[Action]

Since the inside of the drum has a negative pressure, the outside air is sucked through the small holes, and when the seed contacts the outer peripheral surface of the drum, the seed is adsorbed by the small holes.

Since the closing member is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the drum, when the small hole is blocked by the closing member, the small hole loses its suction force and the seed drops downward.

On the other hand, when one of the cylinders is operated, the gel is sent to the gel flow path through the gel storage space and the cutting plunger is lifted to open the valve seat and a certain amount of gel flows out, so that the gel film is formed below the cutting plunger. Is formed.

The seeds dropped from the seed feeding unit drop onto the gel film, and then the gel further flows out by the operation of the other cylinder, and the seeds are covered with the gel film having a space inside.

The gel coating the seeds falls by its own weight as the valve seat closes due to the lowering of the cutting plunger, becomes spherical due to the surface tension during the fall, and falls downward into the hardening tank.

〔Example〕

 Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the main part of this device, in which a gel extruding part A and a seed feeding part B are fixed to two side walls P standing upright on the casing of the device.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the gel extruding portion A has a hole penetrating in the longitudinal direction in the center of the nozzle body 1, and the bush 2 is press-fitted and fixed in the hole so that the plan surface is formed on the inner surface of the bush 2. A jar insertion hole 3 is formed.

A tapered valve seat 4 having a smaller diameter toward the lower side is provided in the lower part of the plunger insertion hole 3, and a cylindrical cutting plunger 5 is fitted inside the plunger insertion hole 3 so as to be movable up and down. It

The gap between the cutting plunger 5 and the plunger insertion hole 3 is so small that the gel does not leak, but a step is provided at the upper end of the plunger insertion hole 2 and the packing 6 is attached to the step. The gel can be completely prevented from leaking.

A collar portion 7 is provided around the outer circumference of the cutting plunger 5, and a spring 9 is inserted between the spring receiver 8 attached to the nozzle body 1 and the collar portion 7.

Therefore, the cutting plunger 5 is biased downward, and the lower end portion of the cutting plunger 5 becomes a valve 5 a that closes the valve seat 4.

Further, a pressure receiving portion 5b is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting plunger 5, and when the pressure inside the plunger insertion hole 3 is increased, the cutting plunger 5 pressed against the pressure receiving portion 5b resists the spring 9. Ascends and the valve 5a opens the valve seat 4.

The plunger insertion hole 3 communicates with a gel channel 10 communicating with the side surface of the nozzle body 1, and the gel channel 10 communicates with a gel housing space 12 provided inside a cylinder casing 11.

There is O between the nozzle body 1 and the cylinder casing 11.
The ring 13 is attached.

Cylinders 14 and 15 are communicated with the gel storage space 12, and pistons 18 and 19 that receive air pressure through electromagnetic switching valves 16 and 17 are slidably fitted inside the cylinders 14 and 15, respectively.

Screws 20 and 2 provided at both ends of the cylinder casing
1 is for adjusting the stroke amount of the pistons 18, 19.

The lower wall surface of the gel containing space 12 is provided with a hole communicating with the gel oil supply pipe 24 via the reed valve 22, and the reed valve 22 is a reed valve that allows the gel to flow into the gel containing space 12 only.

Reference numeral 26 is a gel storage tank, which is connected to the gel oil supply pipe 24 (see FIG. 1).

The seed feeding section B arranged above the gel extruding section A is
As shown in the drawing, the holding members 27 and 28 are fixed to the side wall P, and the drum 30 is rotatably supported on the inner surfaces of the holding members 27 and 28 via the seal material 29.

The drum 30 has one end opened and the other end integrally attached with a shaft 32 via a side wall 31. A belt 33 is attached to a pulley 33 attached to the shaft 32 and a pulley 35 attached to an output shaft of a geared motor 34. Is wound.

A cam 37 is fitted on the end of the shaft 32, and the limit switches 40 and 41 are mounted around the cam 37 in positionally adjustable in a groove 39 of a lit switch mounting plate 38 attached to a side plate Q of the casing. And the limit switches 40 and 41 are activated each time the cam 37 makes one rotation (fourth
See figure).

The holding member 28 has a pipe line 42, and the pipe line 42 communicates with a suction pump 44 via a regulator 43.

A pressure gauge 46 for displaying the pressure in the drum 30 is attached to a branch pipe 45 of the pipe line 42.

As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, a seed storage tank 47 is arranged in the casing behind the drum 30, and the seeds 48 stored in the seed storage tank 47 come into contact with the rotating drum 30.

A small hole 49 is formed in the drum 30 on the peripheral wall thereof.
When the pressure inside the container becomes negative, the seeds 48 are adsorbed to the small holes 49, but since the small holes 49 are minute with respect to the seeds 48, only one seed is adsorbed to the drum.

An end surface of a closing member 50 attached to the holding member 28 comes into contact with the lowermost portion of the inner peripheral surface of the drum 30, and when the small hole 49 comes to the lowermost portion of the drum 30 due to the rotation of the drum 30, the closing member 50 of the closing member 50 is closed. The end face closes the small hole 49, and the small hole 49 is the seed 48.
The seed 48 drops from the drum 30 and drops into the cylinder of the cutting plunger 5 in order to make the drop of the seed 48 more reliable in FIG. 1. A hole 50a is provided inside the closing member 50, and the hole 50a is connected to the pipeline 51 through which compressed air flows, and the small hole 49
Shows the case where the small holes 49 overlap the holes 50a when the bottom reaches the bottom, and compressed air flows into the small holes 49 and blows the seeds 48 downward.

The conduit 51 is a speed controller 52 and a pressure reducing valve 53.
And then to the compressor 54.

Further, the pipelines 55 and 56 communicating with the electromagnetic switching valves 16 and 17 are connected to the compressor 5 via the speed controller 57.
Connect to 4.

The switch board 58 is provided with three switches 59, 60 and 61. The switch 59 is a main switch for opening and closing all power sources. The switch 60 is a power source switch for the geared motor 34. The switch 61 is a suction pump. 44 power switch.

The gel coating processing of seeds by the present apparatus configured as described above will be described.

When the switch 59 is turned on, the compressor 54 is started, and the compressed air passes through the pressure reducing valve 53 and 4 to 5 kg / cm.
Adjusted to ² .

When the switch 60 is turned on, the geared motor 34 starts to rotate, the shaft 32 rotates via the belt 36, and the cam 37 provided at the end of the shaft 32 rotates counterclockwise in FIG. Hit the limit switches 40 and 41 once for each revolution of the shaft 32.

When the limit switch 40 is hit, the electromagnetic switching valve 16 operates and the compressed air in the pipe line 55 presses the piston 18, and the piston 18 moves toward the gel containing space 12 in the center of the cylinder casing 11 and receives the gel containing space. The gel in the space 12 is pushed out into the gel channel 10 (see FIGS. 2 and 3).

This operation is schematically shown in FIG. 7A, in which the gel pressed in the gel channel 10 presses the pressure receiving portion 5b of the cutting plunger 5, and the cutting plunger 5 is The valve 5a at the lower end of the cutting plunger 5 is opened apart from the valve seat 4 by being lifted against the spring 9, and the gel flows out along the tapered surface of the valve seat 4 to form a further gel film 62. Are formed (see FIG. 7B).

When the piston 18 reaches the right moving end, the electromagnetic switching valve 16 is actuated by means of a timer or detection of the right moving end, the piston 18 moves leftward and returns to the left moving end, and at the same time the gel storage The space 12 becomes a negative pressure to open the reed valve 22 and the gel is supplied to the gel housing space 12 from the gel oil supply pipe 24, and the cutting plunger 5 returns downward due to the pressing force of the spring 9 to close the valve. 62 does not fall due to the adhesive force.

Then, the seed 48 falls from the upper seed feeding section B, passes through the inside of the cylinder of the cutting plunger 5, and drops onto the gel film 62 (see FIG. 7C).

Next, the operation of the seed feeding section B until the seed 48 is dropped and supplied will be described.

When the switch 60 is turned on to rotate the shaft 32 and the switch 61 is turned on, the suction pump 44 operates to depressurize the inside of the drum 30 via the pipe line 42.

The suction force in the conduit 42 can be adjusted by the regulator 43, and the suction pressure is displayed on the pressure gauge 46.

The drum 30 rotates together with the shaft 32 and is in sliding contact with the seed 48 in the seed storage tank 47, but the seed 48 is adsorbed by the small holes 49 provided in the drum 30.

Since the small hole 49 has an extremely small diameter, the seed 48 to be adsorbed is one particle, and the small hole 49 rotates while being attracted to the drum 30 rotating clockwise in FIG. 49 is closed by the closing member 50 and loses the seed suction force, and the seed 48 falls downward.

At this time, if the hole 54a provided inside the closing member 50 is communicated with the compressor 54 via the pipe line 51, when the small hole 49 and the hole 50a overlap, the small hole 49 is changed from negative pressure to positive pressure. Be sure to blow the seed 48 right below.

After the seed 48 drops on the gel film 62, the cam 37 hits the limit switch 41 to operate the electromagnetic switching valve 17, the piston 19 moves to the right side, the valve opens again, and the gel flows out (Fig. 7). (See (d)).

Thus, the gel coats the seed 48 with air bubbles 63, hangs under its own weight and is gradually spheroidized by surface tension.

Next, the electromagnetic switching valve 17 is operated to return the piston 18 to the left end, and the gel storage space 12 becomes a negative pressure, so that the reed valve 23 is opened and the gel is supplied from the gel oil supply pipe 25 to the gel storage space 12. At the same time, the cutting plunger 5 returns downward due to the pressing force of the spring 9 and the valve seat 4 is closed, so that the gel coating that cannot support its own weight falls and drops downward while hardening due to surface tension. It falls into the hardening liquid in the tank (see Fig. 7 (e)).

Thus, one cycle of the seed coating process is completed for each rotation of the shaft 32, and the seed coating process is efficiently performed one after another with the continuous rotation of the shaft 32.

Then, the amount of gel released can be arbitrarily adjusted by adjusting the stroke amount of the pistons 18, 19 with the screws 20, 21, and the volume of the air bubbles 63 enclosed in the gel together with the seed 48 is adjusted by the speed controller 57. , 19 can be adjusted by adjusting the operating speed.

Also, depending on the seed, a plurality of seeds may be enclosed in one gel coating. In such a case, a plurality of small holes may be provided in the drum and the plurality of seeds may be dropped and supplied.

〔effect〕

 The present invention has the following effects.

(1) The seed can be coated without being scratched, and the oxygen required for the seed can be secured by enclosing air bubbles together with the seed.

Thus, the germination rate of seeds can be increased.

(2) The seed coating process can be continuously and efficiently performed, and can be automatically performed.

(3) The thickness of the coating layer can be easily adjusted to the optimum thickness according to the size of the seeds to be enclosed.

(4) Since the size of the bubbles enclosed in the coating can be arbitrarily changed according to the oxygen demand of the seed, various seeds can be coated.

(5) The number of seeds to be enclosed can be arbitrarily changed from a single grain to about 5 grains.

(6) This device is lightweight and compact and has a simple structure, and post-treatment such as washing after the coating process is easy.

(7) Preparatory measures such as sterilization can be performed continuously.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 7 show an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view and a piping system diagram of a main part, FIG. 2 is a sectional front view of an essential part of a gel extruding part, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a side view of a main part showing a cam and its periphery, FIG. 5 is a plan view of a seed feeding section, FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view of the same, and FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view for use in A ... Gel extruding part, B ... Seed feeding part, P ... Side plate, 1 ... Nozzle body, 4 ... Valve seat, 5 ... Cutting plunger, 5a ...
Valve, 5b ... Pressure receiving part, 9 ... Spring, 10 ... Gel channel, 11 ...
Cylinder casing, 12 ... accommodation space, 16, 17 ...
Electromagnetic switching valve, 18, 19 ... Piston, 20, 21 ... Screw, 22 ... Reed valve, 24 ... Gel oil supply pipe, 26 ... Gel storage tank, 27, 28 ... Holding member, 30 ... Drum, 32
... Axis, 34 ... Geared motor, 36 ... Belt, 37 ...
Cam, 40, 41 ... Limit switch, 43 ... Regulator, 44 ... Suction pump, 47 ... Seed storage tank, 48 ...
Seeds, 49 ... Small holes, 50 ... Closing member, 52 ... Speed controller, 53 ... Pressure reducing valve, 54 ... Compressor,
57 ... Speed controller, 58 ... Switch panel, 5
9, 60, 61 ... Switch, 62 ... Gel film, 63 ... Bubbles.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A plunger main body having a plunger hole having a valve seat at its lower end, a gel flow path communicating with the plunger hole, and a plunger or the like which is fitted in the plunger hole so as to move downward and downward. A cylindrical cutting plunger having a valve that is urged to close the valve seat and rise by pressure increase in the gel channel to open the valve seat, and inflow of gel only in the direction of the gel storage space communicating with the gel channel A reed valve for allowing the above-mentioned operation, and a gel extruding section having two cylinders for supplying gel into the gel accommodating space, and an inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical drum rotatably supported above the nozzle body. A small hole penetrating therethrough is provided, and a seed storage tank for contacting seeds is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the drum, a negative pressure source such as a suction pump communicating with the inside of the drum is provided, and the inner peripheral surface of the drum is contacted. Then, put the above small hole inside the drum. And a seed feeding unit having a closing member for shutting off the seed, and the seed adsorbed in the small hole of the drum loses the adsorbing force and passes through the inside of the cutting plunger to the valve seat of the nozzle body. Falls on the discharged gel,
Further, the seed gel coating device is characterized in that the seed is coated with the discharged gel.