JPH0668443B2 - Distance measuring device - Google Patents
Distance measuring deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0668443B2 JPH0668443B2 JP60050158A JP5015885A JPH0668443B2 JP H0668443 B2 JPH0668443 B2 JP H0668443B2 JP 60050158 A JP60050158 A JP 60050158A JP 5015885 A JP5015885 A JP 5015885A JP H0668443 B2 JPH0668443 B2 JP H0668443B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- optical
- output
- image
- measuring device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明は、検出ヘツドを光学系のみで構成した非接触
式の距離測定装置に関する。The present invention relates to a non-contact type distance measuring device in which a detection head is composed of an optical system only.
従来の非接触式の距離測定装置を第4図に示す。第4図
において、(1)は光源、(2)は光源(1)より放射
される光束を集束し対象物体に投射する投光レンズ、
(3)は測定しようとする対象物体である。上記光源
(1)、投光レンズ(2)、対象物体(3)が軸線
(A)上に位置し、光源(1)から放射された光は投光
レンズ(2)によつて対象物体(3)上に照射され、光
束の光スポツト(4)を形成する。(5)は光スポツト
(4)の像を結像する受光レンズ、(6)は受光レンズ
(5)によつて結像される光スポツト(4)の像の位置
Pに対応した電気出力を発生する受光素子で、上記光ス
ポツト(4)、受光レンズ(5)、受光素子(6)は軸
線(B)上に位置し、この場合この軸線(B)は前記軸
線(A)とθの角度をなす。A conventional non-contact type distance measuring device is shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, (1) is a light source, (2) is a light projecting lens which focuses the light flux emitted from the light source (1) and projects it on a target object,
(3) is a target object to be measured. The light source (1), the light projecting lens (2), and the target object (3) are located on the axis (A), and the light emitted from the light source (1) passes through the light projecting lens (2). 3) Irradiated on to form light spots (4) of the luminous flux. (5) is a light receiving lens for forming an image of the light spot (4), and (6) is an electric output corresponding to the position P of the image of the light spot (4) formed by the light receiving lens (5). In the light-receiving element generated, the light spot (4), the light-receiving lens (5), and the light-receiving element (6) are located on the axis (B). In this case, this axis (B) is the same as the axis (A) and θ. Make an angle.
そして、受光素子(6)の出力する2つの電気信号iA,i
Bは、それぞれ加算器(7)、減算器(8)に入力さ
れ、加算器(7)において両信号の和が求められ、減算
器(8)において両信号の差が求められる。(9)は加
算器(7)の出力で減算器(8)の出力を除する除算
器、(10)は除算器(9)の位置出力Pを距離出力lに
変換する変換器である。Then, the two electric signals i A , i output by the light receiving element (6)
B is input to the adder (7) and the subtractor (8), respectively, and the adder (7) calculates the sum of both signals and the subtractor (8) calculates the difference between the two signals. (9) is a divider that divides the output of the subtractor (8) by the output of the adder (7), and (10) is a converter that converts the position output P of the divider (9) into a distance output l.
上記において、光源(1)、投光レンズ(2)、受光レ
ンズ(5)、受光素子(6)によつて検出ヘツド(11)
が構成される。In the above, the detection head (11) is provided by the light source (1), the light projecting lens (2), the light receiving lens (5), and the light receiving element (6).
Is configured.
次に動作について説明する。光源(1)より放射される
光束は、投光レンズ(2)によつて適当な大きさの光ス
ポツト(4)で対象物体(3)に照射される。この光ス
ポツト(4)を受光レンズ(5)が撮像し、受光素子
(6)の受光面の上に光スポツト(4)の像を結像す
る。斯かる受光素子(6)は、光位置検出器と称される
ものであり、受光面上の光スポツト像の結像位置Pに応
じた2つの電気信号iA,iBを発生するという動作特性を
有するものである。従つて、受光素子(6)の両端の2
つの電極に生じる電流iA,iBの値によつて、光スポツト
像の結像位置Pは、 として求めることができる。ところで、受光素子(6)
の出力は光スポツト像の結像位置Pとその強度とに比例
した出力信号を生じる。そのため、上記(1)式におい
ては、光スポツト像の強度変化に比例して変化する信号
である(iA+iB)の頂を分母に導入し、光スポツト像の
結像位置のみに比例する信号を得るようにしている。Next, the operation will be described. The luminous flux emitted from the light source (1) is applied to the target object (3) by the light projecting lens (2) through the light spot (4) of an appropriate size. The light receiving lens (5) takes an image of the light spot (4) and forms an image of the light spot (4) on the light receiving surface of the light receiving element (6). The light receiving element (6) is called an optical position detector, and operates to generate two electric signals i A and i B according to the image forming position P of the optical spot image on the light receiving surface. It has characteristics. Therefore, 2 at both ends of the light receiving element (6)
Due to the values of the currents i A and i B generated in the two electrodes, the image forming position P of the optical spot image is Can be asked as By the way, the light receiving element (6)
Output produces an output signal proportional to the image formation position P of the optical spot image and its intensity. Therefore, in the above formula (1), the peak of (i A + i B ), which is a signal that changes in proportion to the intensity change of the light spot image, is introduced into the denominator, and is proportional to only the image formation position of the light spot image. I'm trying to get a signal.
前記加算器(7)と減算器(8)と除算器(9)は、受
光素子(6)の出力信号iA,iBに基づいて上記(1)式
に示される演算を実施するための回路であり、このよう
にして除算器(9)の出力には光スポツト像の結像位置
に対応する出力値Pが得られる。The adder (7), the subtractor (8), and the divider (9) are for performing the operation represented by the above formula (1) based on the output signals i A and i B of the light receiving element (6). This is a circuit, and thus the output value P corresponding to the image forming position of the optical spot image is obtained at the output of the divider (9).
一方、対象物体(3)までの距離をlとし、投光レンズ
(2)と受光レンズ(5)の設置間隔をLとすると、l
は、 として求めることができる。ここで、θは受光レンズ
(5)の設置位置及び焦点距離、受光素子(6)と受光
レンズ(5)の設置間隔、光スポツト像の結像位置に係
る出力Pによつて求まるものである。これらの中で位置
出力P以外は固定値として定めることができるので、結
局、対象物体(3)までの距離lは、 l=K・P ・・・(3) として得られる。この場合、Kは上記各固定値によつて
決まる定数であり、事前の計算又は実験等により設定さ
れる。変換器(10)は上記(3)式を実施し、位置出力
Pを入力して距離出力lを出力するものである。On the other hand, if the distance to the target object (3) is l and the installation interval between the light projecting lens (2) and the light receiving lens (5) is L, then l
Is Can be asked as Here, θ is obtained from the installation position and focal length of the light receiving lens (5), the installation interval between the light receiving element (6) and the light receiving lens (5), and the output P related to the image forming position of the optical spot image. . Since the values other than the position output P can be set as fixed values among these, the distance l to the target object (3) is finally obtained as l = K · P (3). In this case, K is a constant determined by each fixed value, and is set by prior calculation or experiment. The converter (10) carries out the equation (3), inputs the position output P, and outputs the distance output l.
従来の非接触式の距離測定装置は、上記の如く検出ヘツ
ド(11)の中に光源(1)や受光素子(6)等の電気回
路部を有しており、このため防曝が必要な場所で使用す
るには対策が必要となり、更にこの対策のために検出ヘ
ツドが全体的に大形となるという欠点を有していた。As described above, the conventional non-contact type distance measuring device has an electric circuit section such as the light source (1) and the light receiving element (6) in the detection head (11), and therefore, exposure prevention is required. There is a drawback that the detection head becomes large in size due to this measure because it requires a measure to be used in a place.
この発明は、このような問題点を解決するためになされ
たものであり、検出ヘツドに防曝のための特別な対策を
施さなくともよく且つ検出ヘツド及び装置全体を小形化
することのできる非接触式距離測定装置を得ることを目
的とするものである。The present invention has been made in order to solve such a problem, and it is not necessary to take special measures for preventing exposure to the detection head, and the detection head and the entire apparatus can be miniaturized. The object is to obtain a contact type distance measuring device.
この発明に係る距離測定装置は、光束を被測定物体に対
して適当な大きさの光スポツトとして照射する投光レン
ズと上記光スポツトの像を結像する受光レンズと光スポ
ツト像の結像位置に比例した複数個の光信号を出力する
光位置検出器とから成る検出ヘツドと、光を放射する光
源と、この光源の放射光を上記投光レンズまで伝送する
光フアイバと、上記光位置検出器の出力する各光信号を
伝送する複数本の光フアイバと、この光フアイバを介し
て伝送される光信号に比例した電気信号を発生する複数
個の光検出器と、これらの光検出器の出力で除算を行な
う除算器と、この除算器の結果を変換する変換器とを備
えて成るものである。The distance measuring device according to the present invention comprises a light projecting lens for irradiating an object to be measured with a light beam as a light spot having an appropriate size, a light receiving lens for forming an image of the light spot, and an image forming position of the light spot image. Detection head including an optical position detector that outputs a plurality of optical signals proportional to the light source, a light source that emits light, an optical fiber that transmits the emitted light of the light source to the projection lens, and the optical position detection device. A plurality of optical fibers for transmitting each optical signal output from the device, a plurality of photodetectors for generating an electrical signal proportional to the optical signal transmitted through the optical fibers, and the photodetector of these photodetectors. It is provided with a divider for dividing by the output and a converter for converting the result of the divider.
上記構成によれば、光学式の光位置検出器から出力され
る光信号を検出ヘツドの外部に設けられた電気回路部に
おいて電気的に処理することによつて距離を求めること
ができ、また検出ヘツド内からは電気回路部を排除し、
光学系部材のみで検出ヘツドが構成される。According to the above configuration, the distance can be obtained by electrically processing the optical signal output from the optical position detector in the electric circuit portion provided outside the detection head, and the detection can be performed. Remove the electric circuit from the head,
The detection head is composed of only the optical system member.
以下にこの発明の一実施例を図面に従つて説明する。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第1図はこの発明の一実施例を示す非接触式の距離測定
装置の構成図である。(1)〜(5),(9)〜(11)
は上記従来装置と同一のものである。光源(1)は検出
ヘツド(11)の外部に配設され、この光源(1)と検出
ヘツド(11)内の投光レンズ(2)との間は結合レンズ
(12)及び投光用光フアイバ(13)で光学的に結合され
る。光源(1)より放射された光束は、結合レンズ(1
2)で光フアイバ(13)の受光端(13a)に照射され、光
フアイバ(13)で検出ヘツド(11)まで伝送され、出光
端(13b)から投光レンズ(2)に照射される。(14)
は光スポツト像の結像位置に比例した光量を発生する光
位置検出装置、(15),(16)は光位置検出装置(14)
の出力光を伝送する第1、第2の受光用光フアイバ、
(17),(18)はそれぞれ光フアイバ(15),(16)で
伝送されてきた光の強度に比例した電気出力を発生する
第1、第2の光検出器である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a non-contact type distance measuring device showing an embodiment of the present invention. (1)-(5), (9)-(11)
Is the same as the above conventional device. The light source (1) is arranged outside the detection head (11), and a coupling lens (12) and a light for projection are provided between the light source (1) and the projection lens (2) in the detection head (11). Optically coupled by fiber (13). The light flux emitted from the light source (1) is coupled to the coupling lens (1
In 2), the light receiving end (13a) of the optical fiber (13) is irradiated, the light is transmitted to the detection head (11) in the optical fiber (13), and the light projecting lens (2) is irradiated from the light emitting end (13b). (14)
Is an optical position detecting device that generates a light amount proportional to the image forming position of the optical spot image, and (15) and (16) are optical position detecting devices (14).
First and second light receiving optical fibers for transmitting the output light of
Reference numerals (17) and (18) denote first and second photodetectors that generate electric outputs proportional to the intensities of the light transmitted by the optical fibers (15) and (16), respectively.
上記構成を有する距離測定装置は次のように動作する。
光源(1)から放射された光束は、前述した通り結合レ
ンズ(12)及び光フアイバ(13)を介して投光レンズ
(2)へ伝送され、対象物体(3)に光スポツト(4)
として照射される。一方、受光レンズ(5)は、この光
スポツト(4)を撮像し、光位置検出器(14)の受光面
の上に結像する。この光位置検出器(14)は、例えば通
常の光フアイバのコア部に光を吸収、散乱する物質を均
一に混入して形成されるものである。The distance measuring device having the above configuration operates as follows.
The luminous flux emitted from the light source (1) is transmitted to the light projecting lens (2) through the coupling lens (12) and the optical fiber (13) as described above, and the optical spot (4) is applied to the target object (3).
Is irradiated as. On the other hand, the light receiving lens (5) images the light spot (4) and forms an image on the light receiving surface of the optical position detector (14). The optical position detector (14) is formed, for example, by uniformly mixing a substance that absorbs and scatters light into the core portion of an ordinary optical fiber.
第2図は光位置検出器(14)の説明図である。この図に
示すように光位置検出器(14)にPOなる強度の入射光が
あるとすると、内部に混入された散乱物質によつて入射
光が散乱を受ける。この結果、一部の光が図中左右の伝
送方向に進行し、散乱、吸収を受けながら両端面より
PA,PBの強度の出力光を得る。ここで、光位置検出器(1
4)における伝送方向への散乱係数をα、入射位置の両
端面からの距離をlA,lB、混入物質による散乱・吸収係
数をβとすると、各端面から得られる出力光の強度PA,P
Bはそれぞれ次式で求められる。FIG. 2 is an illustration of the optical position detector (14). As shown in this figure, if the optical position detector (14) has incident light with an intensity of P O , the incident light is scattered by the scattering substance mixed inside. As a result, part of the light travels in the left and right transmission directions in the figure, and is scattered and absorbed from both end faces.
The output light having the intensity of P A and P B is obtained. Where the optical position detector (1
The scattering coefficient to the transmission direction in 4) alpha, the distance from the end faces of the incident position l A, l B, when the scattering and absorption coefficient due to contaminants and beta, the intensity P A of the output light obtained from each end face , P
B is calculated by the following equations.
PA=PO EXP〔−αβlA〕 ・・・(4) PB=PO EXP〔−αβlB〕 ・・・(5) 2つの出力光の強度の比を求めると、 となり、この比の値はlAとlBの差にのみ比例することに
なる。すなわち、PAとPBの比が光スポツト像の結像位置
に比例するのである。P A = P O EXP [−αβl A ] (4) P B = P O EXP [−αβl B ] (5) When the ratio of the two output light intensities is obtained, And the value of this ratio is proportional only to the difference between l A and l B. That is, the ratio of P A and P B is proportional to the image formation position of the optical spot image.
上記強度PA,PBで示される光位置検出器(14)の出力光
は光フアイバ(15),(16)によつて伝送され、それぞ
れ光検出器(17),(18)によつて強度PA,PBに比例し
た電気信号iA,iBに変換される。電気信号iA,iBを用いて
除算器(9)でPA/PBに相当する演算を行ない、測定す
べき距離lを比例した出力を得る。この出力は、前記
(1)式におけるPと同等の値であるので、前記(2)
式、(3)式を適用し、これを実施する変換器(10)に
よつて測定すべき距離に係る距離出力lを得ることがで
きる。The output light of the optical position detector (14) indicated by the intensities P A and P B is transmitted by the optical fibers (15) and (16), and is transmitted by the optical detectors (17) and (18), respectively. It is converted into electric signals i A and i B proportional to the intensities P A and P B. Using the electric signals i A and i B , the divider (9) performs a calculation corresponding to P A / P B to obtain an output proportional to the distance 1 to be measured. Since this output is a value equivalent to P in the above formula (1), the above (2)
Equation (3) can be applied to obtain the distance output 1 related to the distance to be measured by the converter (10) implementing this.
以上において検出ヘツド(1)の内部には投光レンズ
(2)、受光レンズ(5)、光位置検出器(14)、及び
光フアイバ(13),(15),(16)の一部等の光学系部
材のみを含み、電気的回路部分を含まない。従つて検出
ヘツド(11)はそれ自体の構成で防曝特性を備えると共
に、光学系部材のみによつて構成されるため小形に作る
ことが可能となる。In the above, inside the detection head (1), a light projecting lens (2), a light receiving lens (5), an optical position detector (14), and a part of the optical fibers (13), (15), (16), etc. Of the optical system, and does not include an electric circuit part. Therefore, the detection head (11) has an exposure-preventing property by its own constitution and can be made small because it is constituted only by the optical system member.
上記実施例では、光位置検出器(14)は光フアイバのコ
ア部に散乱吸収物質を混入したものを用いたが、光の入
射によつて螢光を発する光フアイバ等を用いることもで
きる。また、第3図は光位置検出器の別実施例を示し、
直方体状に光位置検出器を形成している。In the above-mentioned embodiment, the optical position detector (14) is the one in which the scattering absorbing substance is mixed in the core portion of the optical fiber, but an optical fiber or the like which emits fluorescence upon the incidence of light may be used. FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the optical position detector,
The optical position detector is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
更に上記光位置検出器(14)の受光面は一次元のものと
して説明したが、同様にして二次元のものとして構成す
ることも可能である。Further, although the light receiving surface of the optical position detector (14) has been described as one-dimensional, it may be similarly configured as two-dimensional.
以上の説明で明らかなように本発明によれば、非接触式
の距離測定装置において光源及び光検出器等の電気的回
路部分を検出ヘツドの外部に出し、検出ヘツドは光学系
部材のみによつて構成するようにしたため、検出ヘツド
それ自体の構造が防曝にすぐれた特性を有すると共に、
検出ヘッドと光検出器との接続を最小2本の第2の光フ
ァイバにより行うことができて検出ヘッド及び装置全体
の小型化を達成することができるという効果を発揮す
る。As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, in the non-contact type distance measuring device, the electric circuit parts such as the light source and the photodetector are exposed to the outside of the detection head, and the detection head is formed only by the optical system member. The structure of the detection head itself has excellent characteristics for exposure prevention, and
The effect that the detection head and the photodetector can be connected by a minimum of two second optical fibers and the size reduction of the detection head and the entire device can be achieved.
第1図はこの発明の一実施例を示す距離測定装置の構成
図、第2図は光位置検出器の説明図、第3図は光位置検
出器の別実施例を示す図、第4図は従来の距離測定装置
の構成図である。 図において、(1)は光源、(2)は投光レンズ、
(3)は対象物体、(4)は光スポツト、(5)は受光
レンズ、(9)は除算器、(10)は変換器、(11)は検
出ヘツド、(13)は投光用光フアイバ、(14)は光位置
検出器、(15),(16)は受光用光フアイバ、(17),
(18)は光検出器である。 なお各図中同一符号は同一又は相当部分を示す。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a distance measuring device showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of an optical position detector, FIG. 3 is a view showing another embodiment of the optical position detector, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a conventional distance measuring device. In the figure, (1) is a light source, (2) is a projection lens,
(3) is a target object, (4) is an optical spot, (5) is a light receiving lens, (9) is a divider, (10) is a converter, (11) is a detection head, and (13) is light for projection. Fiber, (14) optical position detector, (15), (16) light receiving optical fiber, (17),
(18) is a photodetector. In the drawings, the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts.
Claims (2)
伝送する第1の光ファイバと、上記第1の光ファイバか
ら光を受けて被測定物体上に光スポットを形成する投光
レンズ、上記光スポットの反射光を受けて光スポット像
を結像する受光レンズ及び上記光スポット像を受けて上
記光スポット像が結像する位置に関する結像位置情報を
光の強度情報に変換して少なくとも2以上の光信号とし
て出力する光位置検出器とからなる検出ヘッドと、上記
光位置検出器が出力する複数の光信号をそれぞれ伝送す
る複数の第2の光ファイバと、上記第2の光ファイバか
ら複数の光信号をそれぞれ受けて電気信号を発生する複
数の光検出器と、上記複数の光検出器の出力により除算
を行い結像位置情報を出力する除算器と、上記除算器が
出力する結像位置情報を上記被測定物体までの距離に変
換する変換器とを備えた距離測定装置。1. A light source which emits light, a first optical fiber which transmits the emitted light of the light source, and a light projector which receives light from the first optical fiber and forms a light spot on an object to be measured. A lens, a light-receiving lens that receives the reflected light of the light spot to form a light spot image, and converts the imaging position information regarding the position where the light spot image is formed upon receiving the light spot image into light intensity information. And a plurality of second optical fibers that respectively transmit a plurality of optical signals output by the optical position detector, and a second detecting optical head that outputs at least two or more optical signals as optical signals. A plurality of photodetectors each receiving a plurality of optical signals from the optical fiber to generate an electrical signal, a divider that performs division by the output of the plurality of photodetectors and outputs imaging position information, and the divider is Output image position Distance measuring device and a converter for converting the distance to the object to be measured distribution.
体に光を吸収、散乱する物質を混入して形成され、入射
された光を上記光スポット像の結像位置に対応して減衰
させることにより光の強度情報に変換することを特徴と
する特許請求の範囲第1項記載の距離測定装置。2. The optical position detector is formed by mixing a substance that absorbs and scatters light into a core object of an optical fiber, and attenuates the incident light corresponding to the image forming position of the light spot image. The distance measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the distance measuring device converts the information into light intensity information.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60050158A JPH0668443B2 (en) | 1985-03-12 | 1985-03-12 | Distance measuring device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60050158A JPH0668443B2 (en) | 1985-03-12 | 1985-03-12 | Distance measuring device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS61207914A JPS61207914A (en) | 1986-09-16 |
| JPH0668443B2 true JPH0668443B2 (en) | 1994-08-31 |
Family
ID=12851383
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60050158A Expired - Lifetime JPH0668443B2 (en) | 1985-03-12 | 1985-03-12 | Distance measuring device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0668443B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02201203A (en) * | 1989-01-31 | 1990-08-09 | Fujitsu Ltd | Fluorescent fiber sensor |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5855813A (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-04-02 | Shin Meiwa Ind Co Ltd | Optical distance measuring meter |
| SE431128B (en) * | 1982-05-27 | 1984-01-16 | Asea Ab | FIBEROPTICAL SENSOR WITH ATOMERLY LOCATED LUMINITY CENTERS FIBEROPTICAL SENSOR WITH ATOMERLY LOCATED LUMINITY CENTERS |
| GB2130742A (en) * | 1982-11-18 | 1984-06-06 | Gen Electric | Optical sensor |
-
1985
- 1985-03-12 JP JP60050158A patent/JPH0668443B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS61207914A (en) | 1986-09-16 |
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