JPH0669412B2 - Sofa bed - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a sofa bed which can be used as a floor-standing sofa and a bed by changing the bent state.

[Prior Art] As a sofa bed of this type, an elongated seat and a backrest having an elongated shape similar to this seat are provided, and the backrest is connected to a rear edge of the seat via a lockable hinge. Things are known. Then, the seat is placed on the floor to raise the backrest to form a sofa, and the backrest to the floor surface to form a bed.

Further, based on such a structure, a structure has been developed in which both end portions of the seat and the backrest are configured to be bendable, and the bent portion can be used as an armrest of a sofa or a pillow portion of a bed. . However, in the conventional one, when the backrest is raised to be used as a sofa, when the seat fold is bent and the back fold is bent toward the front side, the two folds interfere with each other, and the fold mode is changed. However, it is difficult to obtain the optimum posture that matches the purpose of use. Therefore, a structure in which a structure cutout region is provided between the seat bending structure and the back bending structure to prevent mutual interference during bending has been developed.

In the conventional sofa bed, the edge portion of the upper surface side exterior material is turned to the lower surface side, and the edge and the edge of the lower surface side exterior material are fixed to an internal frame or the like, or the edges are joined together. I try to connect with fasteners.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The superiority and inferiority of the appearance of this type of sofa bed largely depends on whether or not the shape of the upper surface of the peripheral portion is regular. That is, since this type of sofa bed is used by being placed at a low position, if the peripheral surface of the sofa bed has irregularities, it is easy to give the viewer the impression that the whole is distorted. The shape of the peripheral portion is determined by the balance between the tension of the exterior material that wraps the cushion material and the elastic repulsive force of the cushion material. Bulges. Therefore, in order to adjust the appearance of such a sofa bed, it is necessary to sequentially fix the edge of the exterior material to the frame while adjusting the tension thereof. However, in the conventional one, as described above, since the edge of the exterior material is fixed to the lower surface side of the bed, it is advisable to proceed with the fixing work while observing the unevenness of the peripheral surface upper surface side. Have difficulty. Even if it is possible to adopt such a work posture, since the corner on the lower surface of the peripheral portion is interposed between the edge of the exterior material and the portion surrounding the upper surface of the peripheral portion, the peripheral portion It is difficult to adjust the tension of the exterior material on the upper surface by adjusting the edge pulling condition. Further, in the case where the upper surface side exterior material and the lower surface side exterior material are connected by fasteners, the tension cannot be adjusted as described above. Further, this causes a problem that the fastener portion is easily noticeable.

In order to deal with such a problem, a recessed groove is formed by removing the cushion material in the vicinity of the peripheral edge on the upper surfaces of the seat and the backrest, and the end of the lower surface side exterior material is formed on the upper surface of the structure forming the bottom surface of the recessed groove. It is also conceivable to fasten the edges.
Thus, in this way, the edges of the lower surface side exterior material and the like can be sequentially fastened to the structure while adjusting the shape of the upper surface side of the peripheral edge portion, and the fastening points are hidden so as not to be exposed to the outside. It is possible to

However, according to such a configuration, the edge of the lower surface exterior material or the like at the location where the structure exists can be securely and easily fixed to the structure, but in the structure cutout region,
The structure does not exist. Therefore, it becomes impossible to apply tension to the lower surface side exterior material only at this portion, and it becomes difficult to arrange the outer shape.

Also, in the structure notch area, all parts are deformed flexibly, so if only the exterior material is attached, when the back is bent, the space between the seat bending part and the back bending part The surface of the exterior material or the like is likely to be creased in any direction, and the shape is likely to be lost.

The present invention was made in view of such circumstances,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a sofa bed in which the irregularities on the upper surface of the peripheral portion including the structure notch area can be reduced as much as possible, and the appearance can be adjusted relatively easily. .

Another object of the present invention is not only to make the shape of the upper surface of the peripheral portion uniform, but also to improve the appearance of the upper surface side exterior material that covers the upper surface of the central portion.

Still another object of the present invention is to correctly define the fold line in the structure notch area and prevent the shape of the fold line from being lost.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention adopts the following configuration in order to achieve such an object.

That is, the sofa bed according to the present invention has a seat in which seat bending portions are connected to both ends of the seat body via lockable hinges, and a hinge capable of locking the back bending portions at both ends of the back body. A backrest continuously provided through the structure, a substantially triangular structure cutout region that is provided between the structure of the seat bent portion and the structure of the back bent portion, and extends substantially outward. A cloth material stretched in a structure notch region, the structure of the back body is continuously provided to the rear edge of the structure of the seat body via a lockable hinge, and on the structure, In a sofa bed in which an upper surface-side exterior material and a lower surface-side exterior material are exteriorly mounted on the lower surface via cushion materials, a recessed groove is formed by removing the cushion material near the peripheral edges of the upper surfaces of the seat and the backrest. , The upper surface side exterior material and the lower surface side outside in this groove The edge of the outer material is inserted, and at least the insertion end of the lower surface side exterior material is fixed to the upper surface of the structure forming the bottom surface of the concave groove, and the insertion end of the lower surface side exterior material in the structure cutout region is fastened. It is characterized in that it is fixed to the cloth material through the.

To improve the appearance of the upper surface side exterior material, insert the interior material between the upper surface side exterior material and the cushion material and insert the edge of the interior material into the groove to secure it to the upper surface of the structure. At the same time, it is preferable that the edge of the interior material in the structure notch area is fixed to the cloth material.

Further, in order to more reliably support the edge of the lower surface side exterior material or interior material in the structure cutout area, in the structure cutout area,
It is preferable to connect the interior material and the exterior material on the lower surface side by a fastening connection tool provided by penetrating the cloth material and the cushion material.

Further, in order to prevent the collapse of the structure due to the fold line defect in the notch area, a plurality of tightening connecting tools should be provided along the fold line to be formed between the seat fold portion and the back fold portion. Is effective.

[Operation] With such a configuration, since the edge of the lower surface side exterior material is fixed to the structure in the concave groove formed in the vicinity of the peripheral edge on the upper surface, the sofa bed The fastening work can be carried out from the upper surface side while looking down on the upper surface of the peripheral portion. Then, in this way, the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the peripheral portion of the lower surface side exterior material and the edge to be fixed are close to each other, and by adjusting the tension of the edge, the upper surface of the peripheral portion can be adjusted. It is possible to directly adjust the tension of the lower surface side exterior material. Therefore, it becomes easy to fix the edge of the lower surface side exterior material to the structure while adjusting the shape of the upper surface of the peripheral edge portion. Since the edge of the lower surface side exterior material in the structure cutout area is fixed to the cloth material via the fastener, a required tension can be applied to the lower surface side exterior material also in the structure cutout area. It is possible to prevent the corresponding portion from bulging.

Further, since the edge of the interior material interposed between the upper surface side exterior material and the cushion material is fixed to the upper surface of the structure and the cloth material, it is assumed that a required tension is applied to the interior material. Become. Therefore, the appearance of the upper surface side exterior material mounted on the upper surface of the interior material can be easily adjusted.

Further, by the tightening connecting tool that connects the interior material and the lower surface side exterior material in the structure cutout area through the cushion material, the upper surface side and the lower surface side in the structure cutout area are integrated, and the interior material and The edge support of the lower surface side exterior material becomes more reliable.

In addition, a tightening connecting tool that connects the interior material and the bottom surface exterior material in the structure cutout region through the cushion material is provided along the folding line to be formed between the seat bending portion and the back bending portion. When arranged in such a manner, the folding lines are made uniform, and the shape is less likely to be deformed. [Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

This sofa bed has a seat body 1 in which seat bent portions 12 are connected to both ends of a seat body 11 via first hinges 3 that can be locked.
And a backrest 4 in which the back folding portions 42 are connected to both ends of the back body 41 via second lockable hinges 6.

The seat body 11 has a structure 15 formed by screwing a plywood 14 onto a pipe structure 13, and the sheet-shaped cushion materials 16 and 17 are doubly covered on the upper, lower and outer peripheries of the structure 15. It has an elongated shape. The pipe structure 13 is formed by joining one end of each of a plurality of metal pipes and integrating them.
The connection ends 13a on the other end side are free ends.

The seat bent portion 12 has a structure 20 formed by screwing a plywood 19 onto a pipe structure 18 formed by vertically and horizontally joining metal pipes, and a sheet-like structure is formed on the upper and lower surfaces and the outer periphery of the structure 20. Cushion materials 16 and 17 are double-coated, and pipe structure 18
Is a pipe structure of the seat body 11 via the first hinge 3.
The connection end 13a of 13 is hinged. The first hinge 3 has a so-called ratchet hinge structure, and allows the structure 20 of the seat bending portion 12 to perform a bending operation with respect to the structure 15 of the seat body 11 within an angle range of about 90 °. The lock position can be locked at any of a plurality of lock positions existing in the angular range. And the seat bending part
The lock can be released by bending the twelve structures 20 to the limit position on the front side.
Can be restored in the direction of the starting point set on the same plane as the structure 15 of the seat body 11.

The back main body 41 has a structure 45 formed by screwing a plywood 44 onto a pipe structure 43, and the upper and lower surfaces and the outer periphery of the structure 45 are covered with sheet-like cushioning materials 16 and 17 doubly. It has an elongated shape. The pipe structure 43 is formed by joining one ends of a plurality of metal pipes and integrating them, and has the other end-side connecting ends 43a as free ends.

The spine bending section 42 has a structure 50 in which a plywood 49 is screwed onto a pipe structure 48 formed by vertically and horizontally joining metal pipes, and a sheet shape is formed on the upper, lower and outer peripheries of the structure 50. Cushion materials 16 and 17 are double-coated, and the pipe structure
48 is hinged to the connecting end 43a of the pipe structure 43 of the back body 41 via the second hinge 6. The second hinge 6 is
It is also called a ratchet hinge, and the structure 50 of the spine bending part 42 can be bent in an angle range of about 90 ° with respect to the structure 45 of the spine main body 41. It is possible to lock at any of the multiple lock positions existing in the. Then, by bending the structure 50 of the back bending portion 42 to the limit position on the front surface side,
The lock can be released, and the structure 50 can be returned to the starting point direction set on the same plane as the structure 45 of the back body 41.

The connecting end 13a of the pipe structure 13 of the seat body 11 and the connecting end 43a of the pipe structure 43 of the back body 41 are connected via the third hinge 7. The third hinge 7 has a structure also called a ratchet hinge, and is set so that the back body 41 can be bent to the front side by about 90 ° with respect to the seat body 11. That is, the third hinge 7 allows the structure 45 of the back body 41 to move about 90 degrees from the starting point with respect to the structure 15 of the seat body 11.
The bending operation can be performed in the angle range of °, and it is possible to lock at any of a plurality of lock positions existing in the angle range.

Further, between the structures 20 of the seat bent portions 12 and the structures 50 of the back bent portions 42 adjacent to these structures 20, a substantially triangular structure cutout region 8 that expands outwardly. Is provided. Specifically, the structures 20 and 50 of the seat bent portion 12 and the back bent portion 42 are formed into a trapezoidal shape that is obliquely cut on the side close to each other, and each pipe is extended to the outer edge of each notched end 20a, 50a. Structures 18 and 48 are extended. Then, with the line connecting the outer edges of the structures 20, 50,
A plane substantially triangular portion formed by being surrounded by both the cutout ends 20a and 50a is a structural body cutout area 8, and a hood cloth 81 as a cloth material is stretched over the structural body cutout area 8. The outer edge of the hood cloth 81 is held by a chain 82 stretched between the ends of the pipe structures 18, 48, and both inner edge sides are tackered to the plywoods 19, 49 of the adjacent structures 20, 50. There is. Then, on the top and bottom surfaces of each hood cloth 81, a flat and corrugated cushion material 1 is formed so that the surface from the seat bent portion 12 to the back bent portion 42 is substantially flush.
Cushion material for seat fold 12 and back fold 42 42
It is fixed to 6 and 17 consecutively.

On the other hand, on the surface side of this sofa bed, the peripheral edge portion 96
A continuous concave groove 9 is formed by removing the cushion materials 16, 17, and 83 along. Then, the edge 91a of the upper surface side exterior material 91 and the edge 92a of the lower surface side exterior material 92 are inserted into the groove 9, and the respective edges 91a and 92a form the bottom surface of the groove 9 respectively. , 20, 45, 50 are fastened to the upper surface. Specifically, the edge 92a of the lower surface side exterior material 92 has the structure 15, 20, 4
The upper surface 14a, 19 of each plywood 14, 19, 44, 49 forming the upper surface of 5, 50
Tackers are continuously fixed to a, 44a, and 49a, and an edge 92a in the structure cutout area 8 is fixed to the hood cloth 81 via a fastener 97. That is, the fastener
One half half 97a of 97 is sewn to the edge 92a of the lower surface side exterior material 92 in the structure cutout region 8, and the other half half 97b.
Is sewn to the edge 93a of the interior material 93 in the structural cutout region 8. Then, one half portion 98a of the fastener 98 that is sewn to the edge 93a of the interior material 93 is fixed to the other half portion 98b that is sewn to the hood cloth 81, whereby the structural cutout region 8
The edge 92a of the lower surface side exterior material 92 is fastened to the hood cloth 81.

The interior material 93 is interposed between the upper surface exterior material 91 and the front surface side cushion material 16. Then, the edge 93a is inserted into the groove 9 to continuously tack the upper surfaces 14a, 19a, 44a, 49a of the plywoods 14, 19, 44, 49 forming the upper surfaces of the structures 15, 20, 45, 50. It has been stopped and the structure notch area 8
The end edge 93a is fixed to the hood cloth 81 via the fastener 98. Further, on the upper surface side of the interior material 93, between the edge 93a inserted into the groove 9 and the seat body 11 and the back body 41,
Between the seat bent portion 12 and the back bent portion 42, the seat body 11 and the seat bent portion 12
Between the back main body 41 and the back bent portion 42, one half portion 94a of the fastener 94 is separately provided along the folding line to be formed. Then, in the central portion of the seat body 11 and the central portion of the back body 41, elongated flat fasteners 94 are formed in the front and rear direction.
c is provided. On the other hand, on the back surface of this interior material 93, the third
As shown in the figure, the cloth 93b is positioned between the seat body 11 and the back body 41, and one edge of the cloth 93b is sewn on. And this cloth 93b
The other end edge of the structure body 15 of the seat body 11 and the structure body 45 of the back body 41.
It is led out to the back side of the structure body 15 through a gap between and, and is provided along the fold line between the seat body 11 and the back body 41 by continuously tacking to the lower surface 14b of the plywood 14. It is pulled to the back side of one half 94a of the fastener 94.

The upper surface side exterior material 91 is provided with a thin cushion material 91b inside, and its edge 91a and each fastener 9 of the interior material 93.
The other half halves 94b and 94c of the fastener 94 are fixed to the portions corresponding to 4a and 94c, respectively. An upper surface side exterior material 91 is detachably attached to the upper surface of the interior material 93 via the fasteners 94 and 94c. Further, a continuous bead 95 is provided on the outer side of the vicinity of the edge 91a of the upper surface side exterior material 91. The bead 95 is for closing the opening edge of the concave groove 9, has a diameter corresponding to the opening width of the concave groove 9, and has a continuous core material made of a cushion material therein.

Further, the interior material 93 and the lower surface side exterior material 92 in the structural body cutout area 8 are connected by a plurality of tightening connecting tools 99 provided by penetrating the hood cloth 81 and the cushion materials 16 and 83. As shown in FIG. 6, each tightening connector 99 has a lower surface side exterior member 92.
Buttons 99a arranged separately on the surface of the interior and the surface of the interior material 93
Through the cushioning materials 16, 83 and hood cloth 81.
Bound by b. And these tightening connectors 99
As shown in FIG. 5, is arranged along the folding line to be formed between the seat bending portion 12 and the back folding portion 42.

With such a configuration, the edge of the lower surface side exterior material 92
When the 92a is fastened to the structures 15, 20, 45, 50, the fastening work can be performed from the upper surface side while looking down on the upper surface of the peripheral edge portion 96 of the sofa bed. As described above, when the peripheral edge portion 96 of the sofa bed and the end edge 92a of the lower surface side exterior material 92 to be fixed are close to each other, the tension of the lower surface side exterior material 92 and the cushion material in the peripheral edge vicinity portion 96 are increased. 16
Since it is easy to finely adjust the elastic repulsion force and the fastening operation can be performed while observing the presence or absence of surface irregularities, it is possible to arrange the appearance with a good appearance. Moreover, the edge 92a of the lower surface side exterior material 92 in the structure cutout area 8 is formed by the structure 20, 5
Since it is fastened to the hood cloth 81 stretched between 0s via the fasteners 97 and 98, it is possible to apply sufficient tension to the lower surface side exterior material 92 even in such a place, and the outer shape is adjusted.

Further, the upper surface side exterior material 91 has the edge 93a with the structures 15, 20, 4
Since it is fastened to the upper surface of the interior material 93 fastened to 5, 50 and the hood cloth 81, the surface can be easily arranged and the appearance can be improved. That is, the interior material 93 is made to play the role of pressing the cushions 16 and 17 to adjust the shape, and the upper surface exterior material 91 is externally slidably installed in a certain range on the upper surface of the interior material 93. In addition to having good properties, wrinkles are less likely to occur on the surface of the exterior material 91. Moreover, since the upper surface side exterior material 91 is fixed by the fasteners 94 and 94c, it can be easily attached and detached. For this reason, it is possible to remove only the upper surface side exterior material 92 and wash it, which is also useful in terms of maintenance.

Further, a lower surface side exterior material is provided by a tightening connector 99 that connects the lower surface side exterior material 92 and the interior material 93 in the structure cutout region 8.
Since 92 and the interior material 93 are integrated by sandwiching the cushion materials 16, 83, hood cloth 81, etc., the edge 92a of the lower surface side exterior material 92, the edge 93a of the interior material 93, etc. are supported more reliably. Become. Moreover, since the tightening connector 99 is arranged along the fold line to be formed between the seat bending portion 12 and the back bending portion 42, it is difficult for the members to be displaced. At the same time, the folding lines are made uniform. For this reason, it is possible to suppress the shape collapse due to the defective folding line in the structure notch region 8 for a long period of time.

Further, in this embodiment, since the opening edge of the concave groove 9 is closed by the bead 95, the edge 92a of the lower surface side exterior material 92 and the edge 91a of the upper surface side exterior material 91 inserted into the concave groove 9 are structured. Body 15, 20,
Despite being fixed to the upper surface side of 45, 50, these fixing points are not exposed to the outside, and the appearance is not damaged.

The sofa bed is provided with seat bending portions 12 and back bending portions 41 on both sides of the seat main body 11 and both sides of the back main body 41, and the seat bending portions 12 and the back folding portions 42 are provided. A structure cut-out area 8 is provided between and. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, when the backrest 4 is bent and used as a sofa, the seat bending portion 12 is bent to the front side and the back bending portion 42 is bent to the front side. However, these do not interfere with each other. Moreover, since the hood cloth 81 and the chain 82 stretched over the structure notch area 8 follow the shape changes of the cushion materials 16 and 83 and the exterior materials 91 and 92, the seat bent portion 12 and the back bent portion 42
There is no limitation on the bending mode of the above, and it is possible to take an optimum form according to the posture of the seated person. And the seat bending part
When 12 and the back bending portion 42 are bent, the structure cutout area 8 is formed.
Exterior materials 91, 92 and cushion materials inside
16 and 83 will be folded in two and protrude outward, but since this protrusion R has a shape that is relatively strong against the load from above, this protrusion R also rests on the armrest. It will carry out the function as an etc.

On the other hand, when the seat 1 and the backrest 4 are used as a bed by making them flat as shown in FIG. 8, one of the seat bent portion 12 and the back bent portion 42 is bent to the surface side by a desired angle. When locked, each can be used as a pillow. In this case, since the structure cutout region 8 is located between the seat bending portion 12 and the back bending portion 42, the central portion of the pillow has flexibility. Then, when the seat 1 and the backrest 4 are deployed on the floor surface, the chain 82 is tensioned and becomes linear, so that the exterior materials 91 and 92 and the cushion materials 16 and 83 in the structural cutout region 8 correct the posture. As a result, the entire bed becomes a rectangular shape without distortion.

The lower surface side exterior material may be directly fixed to the cloth material via a fastener fixed to the cloth material. Also,
Needless to say, the edge of the interior material in the structure cutout area is not limited to the case where the interior material is fastened via the fastener. Further, the tightening connector and the structure are not limited to the shapes shown in the drawings, and various modifications are possible.

[Advantages of the Invention] According to the present invention having the above-described configuration, it is possible to proceed with the fastening operation of the lower surface side exterior material while observing the tension of the lower surface side exterior material at the peripheral edge portion, and at the same time, the peripheral edge portion. Since the required tension can be applied to the whole, the appearance of the lower surface side exterior material can be aesthetically arranged. In particular, according to the present invention, even in the structure cutout region where the structure does not exist, the edge of the lower surface side exterior material is fixed and held by the cloth material continuous to the structure. Therefore, it is possible to perform the fastening of the edge of the exterior material continuously over the entire circumference, and effectively prevent only the exterior material of the portion corresponding to the notch area of the structure from swelling due to insufficient tension and becoming unsightly. There is a special effect that you can.

Further, since the interior material having a required tension is interposed between the cushion material and the upper surface-side exterior material, the appearance of the upper surface-side exterior material can be arranged in a good appearance.

Further, in the portion where the structure does not exist, the lower surface side exterior material and the interior material are connected through the tightening connecting tool that penetrates the cushion material, so that the lower surface side exterior material in the area where the structure does not exist. Materials and interior materials are integrated,
These fastenings can be made more reliable. Moreover,
Since the tightening connector is arranged along the folding line to be formed, the folding line can be made uniform. Therefore, it is possible to provide a sofa bed excellent in shape retention, in which the shape collapse due to a poor folding line is suppressed for a long period of time.

[Brief description of drawings]

The drawing shows one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a structure, FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a cutout region of the structure, and FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-section of a sofa bed. Fig. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view showing the main part, Fig. 5 is a plan view excluding the upper surface exterior material, Fig. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI in Fig. 5, and Fig. 7 FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a use state as a sofa, and FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a use state as a bed. 1 ... Seat, 3, 6, 7 ... Hinges 4 ... Backrest, 8 ... Notch area of structure 9 ... Groove, 11 ... Seat body 12 ... Seat bent portion 16,17, 83 ... Cushion material 41 ... Back body, 42 Back spine 81 ... Cloth (top cloth), 91 ... Top side exterior material 91a ... Edge, 92 ... Bottom side exterior material 92a ... Edge 93 ... Interior material, 93a ... Edge 94, 97, 98 ... Fastener 96 ... near edge, 99 ... tightening connector

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A seat in which seat bending portions are connected to both ends of a seat body via lockable hinges, and a back bending portion is connected to both ends of a back body via lockable hinges. With a backrest,
A substantially triangular structure cutout region that is provided between the seat bent portion structure and the back bent portion structure and that expands outwardly,
The structure body of the back body is connected to the rear edge of the structure of the seat body via a lockable hinge, and the structure body is stretched over the structure body. In a sofa bed in which the upper surface-side exterior material and the lower surface-side exterior material are exteriorly mounted on the lower surface via a cushion material, respectively, a concave groove is formed by removing the cushion material near the peripheral edges of the upper surfaces of the seat and the backrest. Then, the edges of the upper surface side exterior material and the lower surface side exterior material are inserted into the groove, and at least the insertion end of the lower surface side exterior material is fixed to the upper surface of the structure forming the bottom surface of the groove. A sofa bed, wherein an insertion end of a lower surface side exterior material in the structure cutout area is fixed to the cloth material via a fastener. 2. The sofa bed according to claim 1,
Between the upper surface side exterior material and the cushion material, an interior material is interposed, and an edge of the interior material is inserted into a groove to be fixed to the upper surface of the structure, and the interior material in the structure cutout region A sofa bed whose edges are fixed to cloth. 3. The sofa bed according to claim 2,
A sofa bed characterized in that an interior material and a lower surface exterior material in a structure cutout area are connected by a tightening connecting tool provided by penetrating the cloth material and the cushion material. 4. The sofa bed according to claim 3,
A sofa bed characterized in that a plurality of fastening connectors are provided along a fold line to be formed between a seat bending portion and a back bending portion.