JPH0671390B2 - Method for cultivating Chinese bamboo shoots - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating Chinese bamboo shoots. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for cultivating a good quality bamboo shoots in a short period and at a high yield.

[Conventional technology]

The local name, Pholiota lubrica, is also called Tsuchinameko. It grows naturally in the fallen trees of broad-leaved forests and cedar forests and its surroundings from September to November, and numeri and koku are much tastier than the nameko. Are known. However, no successful cases of artificial cultivation have been reported yet. Since ancient times, a large amount of artificially cultivated shiitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, nameko, shimeji mushrooms, etc., it is expected that the demand for mushrooms will increase more and more in view of the recent tendency of people to think about healthy foods.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for industrially inexpensively producing edible mushrooms, Porphyra annua, by artificial cultivation using a solid culture medium.

[Means for solving problems]

Briefly describing the present invention, the present invention relates to an industrially inexpensive artificial cultivation method for Porphyra annua, in the artificial cultivation of Porphyra annua (A) after inoculating a solid culture medium mainly composed of sawdust and rice bran with a seed culture of Porphyra annua A pre-culture step of culturing at 15 to 35 ° C for 30 to 60 days to obtain a fruiting body-generating group (B) at a humidity of 80% or more at a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C
Medium culture step of forming fruiting body primordium from fruiting body generating group by keeping it for 10 to 20 days (C) Humidity of the fruiting body primordium is 80% or more, temperature is 10 to 20 ° C, illuminance is 50 lux or more, 500 lux or less It is characterized by including the above-mentioned respective steps of the post-culturing step of forming a mature fruiting body from the fruiting body primordium for 5 to 15 days.

In view of the current situation, the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies on artificial cultivation of new edible mushrooms, and the cultivation method using the solid culture medium of the bamboo shoots is so short-term and high-quality that the company is profitable enough, The present invention was completed by finding that artificial cultivation is possible with high yield.

Mushrooms are generally and strains that belong to the same species in Aspergillus niger, but it is known that the growth rate of hyphae and fruiting body-forming ability remarkably differ depending on the location where they are collected. In this regard, first of all, the growth is fast and rapid from the strains collected from nature,
Moreover, it is advantageous and important to select a strain having excellent fruiting body-forming ability. The present inventors conducted a fruiting body formation test on eight preserved strains of Porphyra serrata, using a solid culture medium containing sawdust and rice bran as main components, and tried to select a strain suitable for artificial cultivation. The strains tested were K-42 strains collected in Daisetsuzan, Hokkaido, and K- collected in Kirisuma Onsen, Gunma Prefecture.
114 strains, K-1367 strains, K-139 strains collected in Kurodake, Miyazaki Prefecture,
The K-166 strain, the K-173 strain, and the K-1383 strain, the K-1397 strain collected in Oyama, Tottori prefecture were used.

The fruit body formation test was conducted as follows. Glucose 2.0
%, Peptone 0.2%, yeast extract 0.2%, KH ₂ PO ₄ 0.05%
And 100 ml of a medium having a composition of 0.05% (pH 6.0) of MgSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, each of the above strains of Porphyra chinensis was inoculated, and cultured at 25 ° C. for 10 days to prepare a liquid inoculum. On the other hand, 800 g of softwood sawdust (cedar wood), 800 g of hardwood sawdust (beech wood), 1.6 kg of rice bran and water
Add 5.6 liters, mix well, and moisten, then press equally in 16 polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottles (850 ml capacity), punch a hole with a diameter of about 8 mm in each center, and punch. After plugging, sterilization was performed at 120 ° C for 90 minutes to prepare a solid culture medium. Add 20 ml of each of the above liquid inoculum to each culture bottle and
Inoculate a book and first in the dark at a temperature of 25 ° C and a humidity of 55% until the mycelium apparently sprinkles in each culture medium.
The culture was continued for a day and aged. Next, scrape the fungus and remove the mycelium layer about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium, then tap water 10 m
Add l and leave for 3 hours, then illuminance 20 Lux, temperature 15 ℃,
The cultivation was continued under the condition of 90% humidity until the fruit body primordia were formed. The culture medium on which the primordium was formed was then cultured until the mature fruiting body was obtained under the conditions of illuminance of 500 lux, temperature of 15 ° C, and humidity of 90%, and the fruiting body yield and the total number of days of cultivation in each strain of C. japonicus were determined. Comparison was made (Table 1).

As is clear from Table 1, of the 8 strains tested, the K-42 strain was able to form fruiting bodies in the shortest period of time and with good yield.

Morphological characteristics of fruiting bodies and spores of the K-42 strain are as follows.

The umbrella opens a little flat from the round mountain shape, the diameter is 5 to 10 cm, it is reddish brown, the outside is light brown, the surface is fluffy, and the surface is slimy when wet. The folds are initially light brown, then brown. It is dense, and it grows straight or grows straight. The stem has a diameter of 5 to 10 mm, a length of 5 to 10 cm, the surface is almost white, and the lower half is brown. There is a slight slack. The spores are oval, 6.5-7.5 x 3.5-4 microns. The above features are described by Rokuya Imaseki and Tsugio Hongo in "The Book of Japanese Fungi of the Second Primary Color".
Compared with the description issued by the nursery company (March 5, 1965),
It seems that this bacterium is a Japanese bamboo shoot.
This bacterium was nominated by the Institute of Microbial Science and Technology
Deposited as No. 8558 (FERM P-8558).

To explain the present invention in more detail, the pre-culture step in the present invention is an adjusting step for obtaining a fruiting body-generating group. The culture is carried out by inoculating the solid culture medium with the inoculum, and the culture is carried out at a temperature of 15 to 35 ° C., preferably at a humidity of 40 to 70% and in a dark place. Turn around. 15 more
A good fruiting body-generating group can be obtained after aging for ~ 35 days. As a component of the solid culture medium used in the present invention, a mixture of sawdust and rice bran, soybean meal, bran or the like which is usually used for artificial cultivation of mushrooms is suitable, but it is preferable to use a mixture of sawdust and rice bran. The mixing ratio of sawdust and rice bran is 1 to 4: 1 to 1.3, preferably 1: 1 by weight, and the water content is 60 to 70%, preferably 63% of the total weight of the medium. Regarding sawdust, you may use sawdust from conifers such as cedar, cypress, larch, and red pine alone, or from broad-leaved trees such as alder, birch, beech, oak, oak, zelkova, and oak alone. . Further, even if the sawdust of conifer and hardwood is mixed and used at an appropriate ratio, a fruit body having a good shape can be cultivated at a high yield.

When adjusting the solid culture medium, carbon sources such as cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, dextrin, glucose and maltose, and nitrogen sources such as yeast extract, peptone, defatted soybean and soybean powder may be added. In addition, inorganic and metal salts such as phosphates, potassium salts and magnesium salts can be added. In particular, the addition of cellulose or hemicellulose has the effect of shortening the period of medium culture until formation of the fruiting body primordia and further increasing the fruiting body yield. The amount of cellulose or hemicellulose added is 0.5 to 10%, preferably 2 to 4% of the weight of the mixture of sawdust and rice bran.

Powdered cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and the like are suitable as the cellulose used in the present invention, and xylan and the like are preferably used as the hemicellulose. In addition,
A mixture of cellulose and hemicellulose may be added to the solid culture medium. Table 2 shows the effect of addition of cellulose and hemicellulose on fruit body formation. The addition test was conducted as follows. Hardwood sawdust (beech wood) 100g, rice bran 10
0 g, solid culture medium containing 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 g of powdered cellulose or xylan [both manufactured by Hanai Chemical Co., Ltd.] in 350 ml of water, solid of 2 g of powdered cellulose and 2 g of xylan, and 4 g of powdered cellulose and 1 g of xylan. The culture medium was adjusted according to a conventional method. 20 ml of the liquid inoculum of K-42 strain was inoculated into this, and after culturing for 45 days in the dark at a temperature of 25 ° C and a humidity of 55%, the fungus was scraped to remove the hypha layer above the fruiting body-generating group. Then, 20 ml of tap water was added to absorb water sufficiently. After leaving for 4 hours, discard the remaining water, illuminance 10 Lux, temperature 15 ℃,
After culturing in the condition of 90% humidity to form the fruiting body primordia, further culturing was continued under the condition of illuminance of 500 lux, temperature of 15 ° C and humidity of 90%, yield of matured fruiting body and total cultivation days Was measured.

As is clear from Table 2, it is clear that the addition of powdered cellulose or xylan to the solid culture medium increases the yield of Porphyra lanceolata and further shortens the total number of cultivation days.

The middle cultivation step is a step of obtaining a fruit body primordium from a fruit body generating base. That is, the fruiting body generating group obtained in the pre-culture step has a humidity of 80% or more, preferably 85 to 95%, a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C, preferably about 15 ° C, an illuminance of 500 lux or less, preferably 50.
If the culture is continued for 10 to 20 days under the conditions below the lux, the primordia of the bamboo shoots will develop. In bottle cultivation using a plastic container, etc., after removing the mycelium layer of about 1 cm from the upper part of the fruiting body-generating group obtained in the pre-culture step (mycotic step), leave it for several hours with water. It is desirable to discard the upper aqueous layer and transfer it to the above medium culture step. It is known that the sterilization process promotes the enzymatic activity of the glycogen-degrading system in the hypha layer around the bacterium. Therefore, glycogen accumulated inside the mycelium is decomposed and the decomposed product is utilized for the formation of the fruiting body primordium, so that the primordia formation is greatly promoted. Alternatively, the above conditions may be applied by covering the soil after sterilizing the bacteria. In other words, covering the soil improves the water retention effect, which prevents the hypha layer from drying and promotes the activity of the hypha. Suitable soil covering materials include sand, natural soil such as Kanuma soil, and soil improving materials such as vermiculite. As another effect of covering soil, it is effective for cultivating the fruiting body of Agaricus communis smoothly. In the process of growth from primordia to mature fruit bodies,
The root may be unstable if it grows to some extent due to instability. When the soil is covered, the lower part of the fruiting body is stable, so that the fruiting body does not collapse during the process of growing into a mature fruiting body, and it is possible to obtain good quality bamboo shoots in good yield.

The post-culture step is a process of forming a mature fruiting body from a fruiting body primordium. Humidity of fruit body primordia obtained in medium culture process is 80%
Or more, preferably 85-95%, temperature 10-20 ℃, preferably
When the culture is continued for 5 to 15 days under the conditions of about 15 ° C. and an illuminance of 50 lux or more, preferably 200 to 500 lux, a mature fruiting body of Porphyra annua is obtained. The culturing process is the same as the culturing conditions in the medium culturing process except that the illuminance is increased, and it is 6 to 6
It takes 9 days, after which stem elongation is not observed, and complete umbrella differentiation occurs in 3 to 5 days. As described above, it takes 60 to 90 days in all steps from the pre-culturing step to the post-culturing step to obtain a mature fruit body having the same deliciousness as that of the natural product.

Finally, one example of the method for adjusting the inoculum to inoculate the solid culture medium is shown below. A liquid culture may be used as the inoculum, but a solid culture inoculum may be used. The solid inoculum is a mixture of hardwood sawdust or coniferous sawdust or an appropriate mixture thereof and rice bran in a dry weight ratio of 1: 1 and water is further added to adjust the water content to about 63%. Crush into a culture bottle (850 ml). And 8mm diameter in one central place
After making about a hole, plug it with a urethane plug and 90 at 120 ° C.
Sterilize for a minute and adjust the solid culture medium for inoculum. Approximately 20 ml of liquid inoculum is inoculated into this and cultivated at 30 ° C for 15 to 25 days in the dark to obtain inoculum in which the mycelium of Porphyra annuum spread throughout the culture medium.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the artificial cultivation method for Porphyra chinensis according to the present invention will be shown with examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the following examples.

Example 1 Glucose 2.0%, peptone 0.2%, yeast extract 0.2%, K
H ₂ PO 0.05% ₄ and 0.05% of _{MgSO 4 · 7H 2 O (pH6.3} ) Chiyanametsumutake the medium 100ml of composition (Pholiota lubrica)
K-42 (Microtechnology Research Institute, No. 8558) was inoculated and cultured at 25 ° C. for 7 days to give an inoculum. On the other hand, coniferous sawdust (cedar wood) 10
After adding 350 ml of water to 0 g of rice bran and 100 g of rice bran to form a wet state, the mixture was pressed into a polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle of 850 ml volume, and a hole with a diameter of about 8 mm was made in one central place to make urethane. The solid culture medium was adjusted by stoppering. The solid culture medium was sterilized at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes, and after cooling, about 20 ml of the inoculum was inoculated to artificially cultivate Porphyra chinensis. The preculture was carried out in the dark at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 20 days, apparently the hyphae spread over the entire culture medium, and the culture was continued for 25 days under the same conditions. Next, remove the stopper, scratch the fungus layer by about 1 cm from the top of the fruiting body generating base, remove the mycelial layer, and tap water 20 m.
l was added to absorb water sufficiently. After standing for 4 hours, the water remaining on the upper portion was removed and the medium culture step was performed. The medium culture process was carried out under the conditions of illuminance of 10 lux, temperature of 15 ° C and humidity of 90% for 18 days. When this was further cultured for 10 days under the conditions of an illuminance of 500 Lux, a temperature of 15 ° C. and a humidity of 90% (post-culture), a very delicious fruiting body close to the natural growth state could be harvested. The total weight of the fruiting bodies obtained was 70 g, and the total number of cultivation days was 73 days.

Example 2 50 g of hardwood sawdust (beech wood) and 50 g of softwood sawdust (cedar wood),
After mixing 100 g of rice bran and 350 ml of tap water well, it was pressed into a 850 ml polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle and the diameter was 8 m in the center.
After making a hole of m, it was stoppered with a urethane stopper. This solid culture medium was sterilized at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes, and after cooling, Example 1
After inoculating 20 ml of the liquid inoculum obtained in step 2 and culturing for 25 days in the dark at a temperature of 25 ° C and a humidity of 55%, a solid culture medium for inoculum was obtained. On the other hand, 100 g of hardwood sawdust (beech wood), 100 rice bran
6 g of powdered cellulose or xylan [both manufactured by Hanai Chemical Co., Ltd.] was added to 350 ml of tap water to prepare a solid culture medium as in Example 1. Aseptic inoculation from the above solid culture medium for inoculum was aseptically inoculated into the hole portion, and artificial cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke was carried out as in Example 1, and in the powdered cellulose-containing culture medium, total cultivation days were 62 days.
With 95 g of xylan-containing culture medium, 88 g of very delicious fruiting bodies were obtained after 66 days of total cultivation.

Example 3 50 g of hardwood sawdust (beech wood) and 50 g of softwood sawdust (cedar wood),
Rice bran 100 g, tap water 350 ml, powdered cellulose 4 g, xylan 1
A solid culture medium containing g (both manufactured by Hanai Chemical Co., Ltd.) was prepared as in Example 1. This was inoculated with the inoculum from the solid culture medium for inoculum prepared in Example 2 for artificial cultivation of Porphyra annuus. After 65 days of total cultivation, 90 g of very delicious fruiting bodies were obtained.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described in detail above, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to cultivate bamboo shoots, which are very delicious mushrooms like natural products, in high yield and in a short period of time.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tsutomu Taniguchi 3-4-1 Seta, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture Central Brewery Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Akira Obayashi 3-4-1 Seta, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture Central Research Institute Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. In artificial cultivation of Porphyra annuus, (A) After inoculating a solid culture medium containing Sawdust and rice bran as a main component with an inoculum of Porphyra annua, it is cultured at 15 to 35 ° C. for 30 to 60 days to obtain a fruiting body generating base. Pre-culturing step (B) The fruiting body-generating group is at a humidity of 80% or more at a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C.
Medium culture step of forming fruiting body primordium from fruiting body generating group by keeping it for 10 to 20 days (C) Humidity of the fruiting body primordium is 80% or more, temperature is 10 to 20 ° C, illuminance is 50 lux or more, 500 lux or less A post-cultivation step of forming a mature fruiting body from a fruiting body primordium for 5 to 15 days, and the above-mentioned steps are included. 2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the solid culture medium contains cellulose and / or hemicellulose.