JPH0672074B2 - Organic fertilizer such as chicken manure and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial application] The present invention relates to an organic fertilizer in which an organic substance such as chicken dung and pig dung is combined with zeolite having an excellent base adsorption ability.

[Prior art] Today, in agriculture, horticulture, etc., the long-term use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has caused a serious problem of exhausting soil and causing pollution by letting out harmful substances to the human body. I am letting you.

On the other hand, chicken manure, pig manure, etc. are currently discarded as livestock waste, but these are originally valuable organic substances, and if they are used as high quality organic fertilizers, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides should be reduced. It is of a nature that allows

Then, when the chicken dung, the pig dung, etc. were examined, it was found that they still had the following defects.

a) First, the chicken manure, pig manure, etc. are excellent in adsorbing capacity for lime, magnesia, etc., but are poor in adsorbing ammonia and potassium, which are one of the points for making soil for crop cultivation, and retain a base. It has the disadvantage of being less powerful.

b) Moreover, in the form collected directly from the poultry farm, when the humidity is high, the surface absorbs moisture and the surface becomes sticky. For example, when using a broadcaster in greenhouse gardening, the area around the spreading blades. However, the feed hopper has a problem that the damp chicken droppings inside the hopper do not fall as a lump in a lump.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In view of the above circumstances, the present invention focuses on zeolite excellent in adsorptivity of ammonia and potassium, and as a result of earnest research on a technique of combining it with chicken manure and pig manure, The present invention has been completed by discovering a technique for forming granules having caking property and deodorizing property by adding properties of bentonite, molasses and the like to this.

[Means for Solving the Problems] As shown in FIG. 1, the organic fertilizer of the present invention contains organic matter such as chicken manure and pig manure, and its surroundings are bentonite and / or which repeat swelling and solidification due to changes in water content. Alternatively, it is characterized in that it is encapsulated with a zeolitic material having a base adsorption ability mixed with molasses.

The zeolitic material refers to a material whose main component is zeolite. The zeolite is a tetrahedron of SiO ₄ in which four oxygen atoms centered on silicon are arranged at the apex and AlO in which aluminum is substituted for silicon. ₄ tetrahedrons, connected to each other to form a crystal with an infinite skeleton, with a permanent negative charge,
Even if the pH changes, there is no change in the adsorptivity of the base, and it has excellent properties for adsorbing ammonia, potassium, etc. In addition, the skeleton structure has voids that communicate with each other, and it is possible to adsorb gas and liquid in these voids, and to adsorb odorous components to exert excellent deodorizing properties. Utilizing these two characteristics It is suitable for promoting complete humification and deodorization described later.

Bentonite, whose main component is montmorillonite, expands the interlayer distance by taking in water and swells. Conversely, when water is lost, particles form an association structure and exhibit a caking effect. It has the property that swelling and caking are repeated alternately with sandwiching. Molasses is also highly viscous and has the property of repeating thickening and solidification due to changes in water content. Therefore, as described in the production method described below, when zeolitic materials are surrounded by chicken manure, etc. Suitable for wrapping with a swelled gelatinized layer, drying and solidifying.

The manufacturing method is as follows.

<Granulation of poultry manure> First, chicken manure, pork manure, etc. discharged from a poultry farm, a pig farm, etc. are collected and preferably fermented to obtain a humus-rich fully-ripened compost. That is, by this fermentation treatment, the organic compounds are decomposed to produce nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphoric acid, and the decomposed products function as an adhesive when solid particles are formed in the soil.

Then, after drying it in the sun, put it into the granulator in fixed amounts, spray water while rotating it, and make the dried chicken dung sticky with water, with a diameter of about 1 mm Grow into 2 mm and 3 mm granules. And this 2-5mm
Once it has grown to a certain extent, stop the granulator once.

At this time, preferably, a chitosan solution having an antibacterial property and a plant growth promoting property is mixed in the sprayed water. This chitosan solution means crustaceans such as crab and shrimp, chicla,
It is a deacetylated form of the acetamide group of chitin existing in the shells of krill and the skin of insects. The highly reactive amino group promotes antibacterial action and plant cell activation.

<Mixing Zeolite and Bentonite> Next, bentonite and / or molasses is mixed with the zeolite powder.

As described above, the bentonite is a clay containing montmorillonite as a main component and exhibits extremely high viscosity because a) montmorillonite is in the region of the size of colloid particles, but unlike general colloid, flaky particles. It is considered that b) forms a thick hydrated layer on the surface, and c) montmorillonite particles form an association structure at high concentration and exhibit structural viscosity. When the water is taken in to increase the viscosity and conversely the water is lost, the action of coagulating and solidifying is alternately repeated. Further, molasses has a high viscosity as sugar and serves as a nutrient for sugar in plants, and as a raw material thereof, those which are discharged in a large amount from the confectionery production process can be used.

<Granulation> Next, a mixture of the above zeolite, bentonite, and molasses is put into a granulator in the granulation process of the chicken dung, etc., and water is sprayed to wet the chicken dung surface, and water is added to the bentonite and molasses. . Then, as described above, the swollen bentonite and molasses are gelatinized, the bentonite-water gel exerts a caking property, and a layer of a certain thickness incorporating zeolite is formed on the surface of the chicken manure, and the periphery of the chicken manure is encapsulated. To do. At this time, it is desirable to mix a small amount of chitosan solution into the spray water as in the case of granulating chicken poultry.

<Drying> Further, the granules encapsulating the zeolite layer are put into a drying device. Then, as the water evaporates, bentonite and molasses coagulate and solidify, and as a result, two-layer granules in which the chicken manure is surely encapsulated by the zeolite are formed.

(Function) The fertilizer of the present invention, when the zeolite is encapsulated by bentonite and molasses gelatinized by swelling and then dried,
Bentonite and molasses re-aggregate and the surface is firmly tightened. As a result, even in the case of spraying with a broadcaster, the surface of the sprayer does not become sticky when the humidity is a little, and the discharge port is not clogged or adhered to the blades, and the spraying can be performed smoothly.

At this time, the organic fertilizer encapsulated with zeolite has its malodor shielded by the enclosed wall, and the leaked odor is absorbed in the pores of the zeolite to be completely deodorized. Therefore, for example, in the conventional golf course, the bad smell of chicken manure was emitted and was disliked by the player, and there was a situation where organic fertilizer could not be used, but it can be resolved and used as an excellent organic fertilizer. Become. The odorless fertilizer is also suitable for greenhouse gardening and general households.

Then, after spraying on horticultural or golf courses, if there is rainfall, bentonite and molasses are dissolved by water, the zeolite layer is disintegrated, organic matter inside is exposed, and melts into the soil. At this time, conventionally, this organic substance has a weak adsorbing power for monovalent ammonia, potassium, etc. even if it adsorbs divalent lime, magnesia, etc., and has a lack of base retention property. Montmorillonite, which is the main component of bentonite, has a permanent negative charge and does not change the adsorption force of the base even if PH changes.
Adsorbs ammonia and potassium well. Therefore, the combination of both results in an excellent complete humus. In addition, this organic matter supplies nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphoric acid, and promotes solidification of the soil by its decomposed product, and becomes an excellent organic fertilizer capable of enhancing water retention and air permeability.

Furthermore, if a chitosan solution is mixed in spray water, the action of chitosan prevents the growth of harmful fungi such as Fusarium and Rhizoctonia that parasitize legumes, and enhances the growth of useful microorganisms such as actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria. Also, biosynthesis of hydrolases and proteins promotes plant cell activation.

[Effects of the present invention] The present invention based on the above configuration utilizes organic fertilizers such as chicken manure and pig manure, so that it is possible to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and eliminate soil fatigue. Pollution problems can also be prevented. In addition to chicken manure and pig manure, since it is combined with a zeolite excellent in the ability to adsorb ammonia and potassium, it has an excellent effect that it becomes a complete humus fertilizer with enhanced base retention.

In addition, due to the solidifying action of bentonite and molasses, it becomes a form that is not wettable and easy to spray, and with a conventional broadcaster etc., it was possible to do what one driver needed two people as a driver and an assistant for spraying. The work can be reduced.
Furthermore, the smell of chicken manure and pig manure encased in zeolite is deodorized, which is an advantageous invention that has the convenience of being optimal for golf courses, house gardening, and the like.

[Example] After adjusting the water content of 500 kg of chicken manure collected from a poultry farm, the mixture was stirred to promote primary fermentation, and further stirred to promote secondary and tertiary fermentation to obtain a fully fermented fertilizer. About 15 of this fertilizer
About 0 kg as one unit was put into a granulator, rotated for 60 minutes, sprayed with an aqueous solution containing 0.1% chitosan in 20 liters of water, and grown into granules having a diameter of about 3 mm. Next, a mixture of 100 kg of zeolite and 4 kg of bentonite was put into a granulator, rotated for 30 minutes, and 20 liters of an aqueous solution mixed with 0.1% chitosan similar to the granulation of chicken dung was sprayed. Then, the bentonite swells and gelatinizes,
A zeolite layer having a thickness of about 0.3 mm was formed. This was placed in a drier and left at room temperature of 50 ° C. for about 60 minutes to lightly solidify the surface and then exposed to the sun for about 8 hours to be completely dried to obtain a granular organic fertilizer of the present invention.

[Brief description of drawings]

The drawing shows an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a state in which the fertilizer of the present invention is broken.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An organic fertilizer comprising organic particles such as chicken manure and pig manure, which are surrounded by a zeolite containing bentonite and / or molasses. 2. An organic matter such as chicken dung and pig dung is put into a granulator to granulate, and then bentonite and / or
Alternatively, molasses is mixed and put into a granulator, water is sprayed to form bentonite and molasses to swell and gelatinize to form a zeolite on the surface of the fecal granules, which is further dried to solidify bentonite and molasses. A method for producing an organic fertilizer characterized by being formed into granules by binding action.