JPH0674890B2 - Waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a waste treatment device used for treating waste such as food waste, combustible waste, human waste, etc. generated at home or in business. .

2. Description of the Related Art There are two types of conventional waste treatment devices: a mechanical treatment device called a disposer and a combustion type treatment device called an incinerator. However, these devices have major drawbacks such as clogging of sewers, smoke and odor, and environmental pollution.

Therefore, in order to solve these problems, a waste treatment device that decomposes and burns the waste by using a magnetron or a heater has been proposed. This device will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 2, the combustion chamber is divided into a primary combustion chamber 2 and a secondary combustion chamber 3 by a microwave attenuator 1, a waste storage unit 4 is installed inside the primary combustion chamber 2, and a waste 5 is disposed. set. The supply of combustion air and the energization of the catalyst heating heater 7 provided in the secondary air chamber 6 are started to heat the catalyst 8. Catalyst 8
When the temperature becomes higher than the activation temperature, the magnetron 9 starts to be energized.

2450MHz microwave is transmitted from the magnetron 9,
Irradiation into the primary combustion chamber 2 through the waveguide 10. For this reason, all microwaves are absorbed by the waste 5 and the waste 5
The water in the waste material evaporates, and the waste material 5 dries rapidly. Waste 5
When the temperature of the waste 5 rises to a certain degree, carbonization of the waste 5 starts while generating a flammable gas from the waste 5. This combustible gas is mixed with the primary air supplied from the primary air port 11,
It is supplied to the secondary combustion chamber 3. The combustible air-fuel mixture sent to the secondary combustion chamber 3 is ignited by an igniter 12 provided in the secondary combustion chamber 3 and mixed with secondary air supplied from a secondary air port 13 to be secondary. To burn. The combustion gas is purified by the catalyst 8 and then discharged from the exhaust stack 14.

Thereafter, the waste 5 promotes carbonization while generating combustible gas, and flame combustion continues in the secondary combustion chamber 3 until the waste 5 is completely carbonized and no combustible gas is generated. When the waste 5 is completely carbonized, the flame in the secondary combustion chamber 3 is extinguished, and solid combustion (industrial combustion) is started in the primary combustion chamber 2,
Leads to ashing. In this way, the waste is treated.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, such a conventional waste treatment device has the following problems.

The electric field distribution in the combustion chamber is adjusted so that the microwave generated from the magnetron concentrates the electric field on the waste placed in the combustion chamber. When the drying of the waste progresses by the microwave, a large amount of water vapor is generated from the waste. This water vapor contains the odor of waste, and produces a strong odor when the waste is dried. Therefore, a catalyst is provided to remove odor. However, water vapor is a catalyst poison and causes a decrease in catalyst temperature, which considerably reduces the activity of the catalyst. Therefore, the catalyst heating means is provided to maintain the catalyst temperature at a high temperature and prevent the activity of the catalyst from decreasing.

As a result, since the magnetron and the catalyst heating means are used at the same time during drying, there is a problem that the amount of electricity used becomes very large.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a waste treatment device which has a simple structure and has little odor when dried even if the amount of electricity used is small.

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention has a combustion chamber including a primary combustion chamber that stores waste and a secondary combustion chamber located downstream thereof, and the primary combustion chamber and the magnetron are waveguides. Connecting and supplying combustion air to the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber separately as primary air and secondary air, and providing heating means in the secondary air supply path located downstream of the primary combustion chamber, A catalyst is installed downstream of the secondary combustion chamber,
A means for detecting the temperature of the catalyst is provided, and the magnetron and the heating means are alternately energized so that the signal from the catalyst temperature detecting means becomes constant.

Operation The operation of the present invention is as follows.

At the time of starting, the catalyst heating means is energized to raise the temperature of the catalyst. When it is confirmed by the signal of the catalyst temperature detecting means that the catalyst has reached the activation temperature, the energization of the catalyst heating means is stopped and the magnetron is energized. When the primary combustion chamber is irradiated with microwaves, the water contained in the waste is evaporated and the waste is dried. The steam generated from this waste lowers the catalyst temperature, and the catalyst temperature falls below the activation temperature. Therefore, the energization of the magnetron is stopped and the energization of the catalyst heating means is started again. After that, the magnetron and the catalyst heating means are alternately energized so that the catalyst maintains the activation temperature.

By this control method, since only one of the magnetron and the catalyst heating means is energized while the apparatus is in operation,
Electricity consumption is very low.

Further, the microwaves are intermittently applied, and while the irradiation of the microwaves is stopped, water penetrates into the part where the drying has progressed from the still moist part around. Therefore, because the microwave is emitted intermittently,
The waste can be uniformly dried without locally drying. Drying progresses, and the temperature of waste becomes high.
While the microwave irradiation is stopped, heat is conducted to the surroundings from the high temperature and the temperature of the waste is rapidly decreased. For this reason, the temperature of the waste uniformly rises and the carbonization is performed uniformly.

Since the carbonization of the waste is performed uniformly, it is possible to prevent a large amount of combustible gas from being generated immediately after ignition, and the generation of combustible gas is gradually increased. For this reason, the combustion amount also gradually increases, so that overshoot at the time of ignition can be prevented. Therefore, eliminate the air shortage at the time of ignition,
Incomplete combustion can be prevented and combustion characteristics can be improved.

Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, a waste storage unit 16 is provided inside the primary combustion chamber 15.
To provide. The inside of the waste storage unit 16 is lined with a heat insulating material 17, and a microwave heating body 18 is installed on the bottom surface. The upper part of the primary combustion chamber 15 is separated from the waste storage unit 16 and the primary air chamber 21 by a heat insulating material 20 having a plurality of primary air ports 19. Further, a filter 22 is provided in the center of the heat insulating material 20, and the filter 22 traps smoke generated when the waste 23 burns and ash scattering in the ashing process of the waste 23. The heat insulating materials 17 and 20 and the filter 22 used here are all made of a substance that transmits microwaves, and have no influence on the electric field distribution in the primary combustion chamber 15.

Primary combustion chamber 15 and secondary combustion chamber through microwave attenuator 24
25 is connected, and the combustible gas generated from the waste 23 is burned by flame in the secondary combustion chamber 25. A secondary air chamber 26 is provided outside the secondary combustion chamber 25, and a catalyst heating heater 27 is further provided inside the secondary air chamber 26. The catalyst heating heater 27 heats the secondary air to reach a high temperature. The catalyst 28 provided downstream of the secondary combustion chamber 25 is heated by the secondary air.

The interior of the secondary combustion chamber 25 is divided into a plurality of combustion chambers.
An ignition heater 29 is provided near the microwave attenuator 24 of the chamber, and a temperature detector 30 is provided in the final chamber. Primary combustion chamber 15 and 2
A microwave attenuator 24 is provided at the boundary with the secondary combustion chamber 25 to prevent microwaves from entering the secondary combustion chamber 25. Therefore, the ignition heater 29 can ignite the combustible air-fuel mixture without being affected by receiving microwaves and causing arcing.

Open the door 31, store the waste 23 in the waste storage unit 16, and
Close. The blower 32 provided below the primary combustion chamber 15 is started, and primary air and secondary air are supplied to each combustion chamber by the air supply pipes 33 and 34. When the temperature of the catalyst 28 rises to the activation temperature or higher, the magnetron 35 starts to be energized.

2450MHz microwave is transmitted from magnetron 35,
It is irradiated into the primary combustion chamber 15 through the waveguide 36. Waveguide 36
A microwave transmissive body 37 is provided at a connecting portion between the primary combustion chamber 15 and the primary combustion chamber 15 to shut off a combustion gas to protect a transmitting portion of the magnetron 35. Since the primary air is supplied to the primary combustion chamber 15 through the primary air supply path 38 provided outside the primary combustion chamber 15, the heat insulation of the primary combustion chamber 15 is enhanced. Further, when the primary air is supplied to the primary combustion chamber 15, the microwave transparent material
Since the primary air chamber 21 and the waveguide 36 are connected to cool the 37, the microwave transmitter 37 is prevented from reaching a high temperature.

In the primary combustion chamber 15, the electric field distribution in the primary combustion chamber 15 is adjusted so that the electric field is concentrated on the waste 23 placed in the waste storage unit 16. Because of this, microwaves are all waste products23
Are absorbed into the waste 23, the water content of the waste 23 evaporates, and the waste 23 dries rapidly.

When the microwave heating element 18 reaches a certain temperature, waste 23
Carbonization of the waste 23 begins while generating a flammable gas from the. This combustible gas is supplied from the primary air port 19
It is mixed with secondary air and supplied to the secondary combustion chamber 25. The combustible air-fuel mixture sent to the secondary combustion chamber 25 is ignited by an ignition heater 29 provided in the secondary combustion chamber 25 and mixed with secondary air supplied from a secondary air port 39 to be secondary. To burn. The combustion gas is purified by the catalyst 28 and then supplied to the air supply pipe 41 in the dilution chamber 40.
After mixing the supplied tertiary air, it is discharged from the exhaust pipe 42. A radiator of a magnetron is provided in the tertiary air supply path, and the tertiary air is also used for cooling the magnetron.

After that, the waste 23 receives microwaves from the magnetron 35, promotes carbonization while generating combustible gas, and secondary combustion is performed until the waste 23 is completely carbonized and no combustible gas is generated. Flame combustion continues in chamber 25. When the waste 23 is completely carbonized, the flame in the secondary combustion chamber 25 is extinguished, and solid combustion (industrial combustion) is started in the primary combustion chamber 15. Then, when the solid combustion is started, the amount of primary air is increased, the carbonized waste 23 is burned, and the ash is formed. Here, the inside of the primary combustion chamber 15 and the waste container 16 is covered with a heat insulating material, and the primary air supply path 38 is provided outside the primary combustion chamber 15, so that the primary combustion chamber 15 is provided. The heat retention state of 15 is very good, and the microwave heating body 18 that has received the microwave becomes very hot. For this reason, the ashed state of the waste 23 becomes very good.

The specific operation relationship of the present invention will be described below.

In the present invention, the temperature detecting unit 30 is provided in the final chamber of the secondary combustion chamber 25 so that the temperature of the catalyst 28 can be detected. The temperature detecting unit 30 is provided in the final chamber of the secondary combustion chamber 24 as in the present embodiment.
It may be provided in the vicinity of the catalyst 28, or may be directly attached to the catalyst 28 as a catalyst. Here, the temperature detection unit 30 detects temperature, light, etc. by a thermocouple, an optical sensor, etc.,
The temperature of the catalyst 28 can be detected.

For example, a case where a thermocouple is used for the temperature detection unit 30 will be described. At the time of startup, the catalyst heating heater 27 is energized to preheat the catalyst 28 to the activation temperature. When it is confirmed by the signal from the temperature detection unit 30 that the catalyst 28 has reached the activation temperature, the heater 27 for heating the catalyst is de-energized and the magnetron 35 is energized. When the primary combustion chamber 15 is irradiated with microwaves, the water contained in the waste 23 is evaporated and the waste 23 is dried. The steam generated from the waste 23 lowers the temperature of the catalyst 28, so that the catalyst temperature becomes equal to or lower than the activation temperature. When it is detected by the signal from the temperature detection unit 30 that the catalyst temperature has become lower than the activation temperature, the energization of the magnetron 35 is stopped and the catalyst heating heater
Power on 27 again. After that, the magnetron 35 and the heater 27 for heating the catalyst are alternately energized by a signal from the temperature detecting unit 30 so that the catalyst 28 maintains the active temperature.

With this control method, the magnetron 35
Since the temperature of the catalyst 28 can be maintained at the activation temperature even if only one of the heater and the heater 27 for heating the catalyst is energized, the amount of electricity used is very low, and the waste is treated with almost no odor. be able to.

Further, since the magnetron 35 and the catalyst heating heater 27 are alternately energized, the waste 23 is intermittently irradiated with microwaves. For this reason, while the microwave irradiation is stopped, the portion of the waste material 23 that has been dried is infiltrated with moisture from the surrounding still moist portion, and the waste material 23 is discarded without being dried locally. The object 23 can be dried uniformly. As the drying progresses and the water content in waste 23 decreases,
When the temperature becomes high, heat is conducted from the place where the temperature is high to the surroundings while the microwave irradiation is stopped, and the temperature of the waste 23 rapidly decreases. For this reason, the temperature of the waste 23 rises uniformly and carbonization is performed uniformly.

Since the carbonization of the waste 23 is carried out uniformly, it is possible to prevent a large amount of combustible gas from being generated immediately after ignition, and the generation of the combustible gas is gradually increased. For this reason, the combustion amount also gradually increases, so that overshoot at the time of ignition can be prevented. Therefore, eliminating the air shortage at the time of ignition,
Incomplete combustion can be prevented and combustion characteristics can be improved.

Effects of the Invention As described above, in the present invention, the amount of electricity used to alternately energize the magnetron and the heater for heating the catalyst by the signal from the catalyst temperature detection unit so as to maintain the catalyst temperature above the activation temperature. The catalyst temperature can be maintained at the active temperature even when the amount of electricity is very small, and the waste can be treated with almost no odor even when the amount of electricity used is very small.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a waste treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional waste treatment device. 15 …… Primary combustion chamber, 25 …… Secondary combustion chamber, 27 …… Catalyst heating heater, 28 …… Catalyst, 30 …… Temperature detector, 35 …… Magnetron.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yoshitaka Kawasaki 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A 64-6612 (JP, A) JP-A 63-116016 (JP, A) JP-A-1-196408 (JP, A) JP-A-1-167510 (JP, A)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A combustion chamber having a primary combustion chamber in which waste is stored and a secondary combustion chamber located downstream of the primary combustion chamber.
The secondary combustion chamber and the magnetron are connected by a waveguide, and there is a blowing means for separately supplying combustion air to the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber as primary air and secondary air. A heating means is provided in the secondary air supply path located downstream of the chamber, a catalyst is provided downstream of the secondary combustion chamber, a means for detecting the temperature of the catalyst is provided, and the catalyst temperature is detected. A waste treatment apparatus comprising means for alternately energizing the magnetron and the heating means so that a signal from the means becomes constant.