JPH0679542B2 - Vinegar and / or acetic acid-containing feed - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to vinegar- and / or acetic acid-containing feed, and more specifically, vinegar and / or acetic acid and vinegar- and / or acetic acid-holding material are mixed and added to feed ingredients. As a result, vinegar and / or acetic acid-containing feed that does not easily volatilize vinegar and / or acetic acid and is easy for livestock to uniformly ingest vinegar and / or acetic acid, and that feed is not easily spoiled even in a semi-wet state Regarding

[Conventional technology]

Vinegar feeding to livestock is old at some farms (Showa 34
Since that time, it has often been introduced or reported in newspapers, magazines, etc. For example, it has been reported that cows are effective in maintaining normal nutritional status and that good results can be obtained for weight gain, feed conversion, milk production, and breeding. Report of increase (Fifty Nakanishi et al., Academic Research Report No. 30, Nihon University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 198-214)
(1973) and Japanese Examined Patent Publication 55-46888).

Also, for chickens, it is reported that it has an effect on feed requirement rate, spawning rate, survival rate and maintenance of chicken body health of laying hens (Kurata Shinichiro et al .; Osaka Municipal Poultry Experiment Station Research Report vol.5, 11-23 (1972)).
Etc.) and many other reports.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

In each of the above-mentioned conventional reports, vinegar is directly or diluted and mixed with feed immediately before feeding, or a small amount is mixed with drinking water to be ingested. However, in order to mix the vinegar uniformly with the feed, it takes a lot of time and labor because the mixing ratio is small and it is difficult to uniformly disperse the vinegar. When diluted and mixed with, the leftover food is likely to perish, and in the method of feeding by mixing with drinking water, if you mix with a large amount you will not drink, so you can only take a small amount, and there is variation in intake There were drawbacks such as being large. In addition, recently, the management of livestock has become large-scale, so when feeding with an automatic feeder, it is not a problem to mix liquid vinegar with kneaded feed alone, but it is a solid component such as mixed feed. It is inappropriate to mix vinegar with vinegar, and a solid feed containing vinegar that is suitable for handling has been desired.

The present invention improves on the drawbacks of these conventional techniques and can be used even in an automated device because the effort of mixing is simple, there is little volatilization loss of acetic acid even after a long time, it is difficult to rot, and the intake of vinegar etc. for livestock The object of the present invention is to provide a feed containing vinegar and / or acetic acid, which can reduce the variation in

[Means for solving problems]

Vinegar and / or acetic acid-containing feed of the present invention is one kind selected from (a) dry feed, (a) vinegar and / or acetic acid and (c) cyclodextrin, sodium acetate, maltosyl cyclodextrin, dextrin, and vinegar lees. Alternatively, it is characterized by comprising two or more kinds of vinegar and / or acetic acid holding material and having a water content of 25% (weight) or more and 40% (weight) or less.

As the dry feed used in the present invention, a usual feed raw material,
That is, grains, potatoes, pericarps of beans, seed coat, ectosperm, aleurone layer, so-called Nuka mixed with germ, bran and crustaceans,
Single-cell microorganisms such as manufacturing meals, algae, yeasts, etc. and hay, straw, etc. produced in food processing using egg shells, grains, potatoes, beans as raw materials, and one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds are appropriately used However, since liquid vinegar is mixed, it is easy to manufacture if hay, straw, and nuka with high fiber content are the main components. The form is 3 to 100 mesh, preferably 7
It is a powder of ~ 60mesh, and salt, vitamins, amino acids, calcium phosphate, etc. may be added if necessary, as in the case of ordinary mixed feed.

Next, for vinegar and the like used in the present invention, grain vinegar, apple vinegar, grape vinegar, rice vinegar, which are usually sold as vinegar,
Brown rice vinegar, pigeon vinegar, lees vinegar, tangerine vinegar, wheat germ vinegar, broccoli vinegar, malt vinegar, persimmon vinegar, high-concentration vinegar, etc. and acetic acid can be appropriately used, and these can also be mixed. May be used.

The product acidity is 0.1% to 6.7% by weight, especially 0.5% to
The range of 5.0% is preferable. This is because it is difficult to take the required amount of vinegar when the product acidity is 0.1% or less, and when the product acidity is 6.7% or more, the water content becomes high and the handling suitability deteriorates.

However, when the acidity of the product is set to 1.5% or more, it is not preferable because high-concentration brewed vinegar or the like will not be used because of lack of handling suitability.

Further, as the vinegar and / or acetic acid holding material of the present invention, one or more kinds of dextrin, cyclodextrin, maltosyl cyclodextrin, sodium acetate, calcium acetate and vinegar lees are used. Then, when the vinegar and / or acetic acid holding material is added to vinegar and / or acetic acid, acetic acid in vinegar and / or acetic acid is in a molecular adsorption, clathrate, or covered state, and volatile vinegar and / or acetic acid is prevented. It is what is done. An organic acid salt such as sodium fumarate or sodium tartrate can be used, but it is difficult to say that it is suitable for the present invention because of its poor adsorption power. The larger the amount used, the more effective it is, but the objective is sufficiently achieved if the molar ratio is 0.1 to 1 with respect to the acetic acid contained in view of the balance of handling ease and cost in the manufacturing process. In the case of cyclodextrin or the like, the molar ratio is 0.1 to 0.5, and in the case of acetate, organic acid salt or dextrin, the molar ratio is 0.3 to 1.

It should be noted that the vinegar lees is a general term for brewing pressed lees made from sake lees and grains produced in the process of producing vinegar.

Further, the above-mentioned respective components are mixed by dissolving or encapsulating a required amount of a holding material in vinegar and / or acetic acid, then adding this to dry feed and stirring until uniform, and an apparatus used therefor Can be general. If necessary, the obtained mixture may be further subjected to a granulator to form pellets that are easy to eat for livestock.

Regarding the water content of the product, the lower limit is about 14% which is the normal water content of dry feed, but the upper limit needs to be 45% or less in terms of transportation efficiency, and a particularly preferable water content range. Is 25-40%. The Karl Fischer method was used to measure the water content in the present invention.

In the present invention, the water content is inevitably increased by mixing vinegar, but when mixed without diluting vinegar, a normal feed does not spoil and does not particularly require a drying step. However, it is possible to obtain a semi-dry feed in a moist state. It should be noted that the higher the amount of fibrous material used, the higher the water content can be made. However, if the water content is 45% or more, it is not suitable because it becomes a bran miso-like mass. On the other hand, it is possible to reduce the water content, but the drying process is required and the advantage is small because of the loss of vinegar volatilization and the cost increase.

The dose of the feed of the present invention to livestock is 0.3 to 50 g / acetic acid.
One day is sufficient, and it may be fed alone, or may be fed mixed with the compounded feed.

Furthermore, specifically, the appropriate amount of feed varies depending on the livestock, and in the case of chickens, acetic acid is 0.3 to 3 g / day, preferably 0.5 to 1
g / day for pigs 1-10 g / day as acetic acid, preferably 3-8 g
/ Day for cows 10-50 g / day as acetic acid, preferably 20-30
It is recommended to feed in the range of g / day, but it is better to mix vinegar and / or acetic acid in high concentration with other feeds.

Table 1 shows the test results on the palatability and handling suitability when the water content, acidity, etc. of the feed were changed.

The compactness of handling aptitude is evaluated by the following formula: compaction = (dense density−sparse density) / dense density × 100% (reference; Kimio Kawakita, Powder and Industry, vol.7, no.2, p.
51-56 (1976)), compressibility 20% or less: ◎, 20-30%:
◯, 30% or more unmeasurable: Poor Further, the handling suitability and scattering property indicate the amount of the fine powder scattered, and a large scattering amount (poor handling suitability): ×, a small scattering amount (good handling suitability): ◯.

From the results in Table 1, it is understood that the water content needs to be 45% or less from the viewpoint of handling suitability, and the range of 25 to 40% is particularly preferable.

The palatability of livestock is 0.1-0.5% for chickens, 0.1-1% for pigs,
The acetic acid concentration of 0.1-3% of cattle was good, but even if it was 3% or more, there was no problem if it was fed by blending with other feed.

Next, as shown in Table 2, 15 kinds of feeds a to o in which the kinds of acidity, water content, vinegar and the like were changed were prepared and the preservability thereof was tested. In the test, each sample of a to o was inoculated with a spoilage bacterium such as mold which was generated by pouring water on bran and allowed to stand and cultured at 37 ° C. for visual observation.

The results are shown in Table 3.

From the results shown in Table 3, when vinegar and / or acetic acid is not diluted with water, spoilage does not occur for 30 days or more even if the vinegar and / or acetic acid are added to the feed to increase the water content of the feed. It has been found that when / or acetic acid is diluted with water, it begins to spoil within a few days even with the same acidity as above.

Note that citric acid was not found to have the same effect as vinegar and / or acetic acid. Also, for tartaric acid and malic acid,
Tested similarly, the results were comparable to citric acid.

Further, as shown in Table 4, the dry feed is bran, vinegar and / or acetic acid is brewed vinegar or acetic acid, and the vinegar and / or acetic acid holding material is made of various materials. Prepare a sample and prepare the sample
The 0 g was sealed in an 80 μ polyethylene bag and tested for volatilization of acetic acid degree at 30 ° C. storage.

The results are shown in Table 5.

From the results shown in Table 5, dextrin, cyclodextrin, maltosyl cyclodextrin, sodium acetate, sodium tartrate and vinegar as raw materials for the vinegar and / or acetic acid retaining material are effective in retaining acetic acid. It was found that the combined use was more effective.

When vinegar-containing feed was fed to pigs under the following conditions,
As seen from the results in Table 6, the feed conversion rate was lowered and the feed efficiency was improved.

That is, test livestock pig land race (L) × large Yorkshire (W) × Duroc (D) species Number of samples 10 for each test and control groups Feeding method Formulated feed (for pig farming) Vinegar (brewed vinegar) Containing feed (acidity 3
%) Was mixed and fed at a rate of 150 g / head day for free feeding.

Evaluation method Feed consumption Consumption per animal from the start of fattening to slaughter Feed requirement ratio Ratio of increase in feed consumption to weight: The smaller, less wasted feed consumption Weight gain from birth (1.5 kg) to 105 kg Weight gain per day to reach: the bigger the better Furthermore, when vinegar-containing feed was fed to cattle under the following conditions, weight increase, feed conversion rate reduction and feed efficiency improvement were observed as shown in the results of Table 7.

Test livestock Japanese black cattle steers Number of samples 4 for test and control groups Feeding method 700g of vinegar-containing feed (acidity 3%) in compound feed (for pig raising)
/ Mixed feeding was done at the rate of head day, and free feeding was performed.

In the early period of fattening, the mixed ratio of roughage was increased, and in the latter period, compressed barley with a reduced ratio of roughage was also mixed and fed.

Evaluation method Feed consumption Consumption per animal from the start of fattening to the time of slaughter Weight gained Weight at slaughter-Fat weight at the start of feed Weight requirement Feed consumption / Increased weight The smaller the value, the more efficient it is Feed consumption 2762kg 2716kg Increased weight 304kg 266kg Feed requirement rate 9.08 10.2 From the results of Tables 6 and 7, the feed containing vinegar and / or acetic acid of the present invention is effective in reducing feed requirement rate and improving feed efficiency. I understand.

〔Example〕

Example 1 Blend ratio Fusuma 665g Brewed vinegar 15% 125 Vinegar lees 210 First, vinegar lees and brewed vinegar are mixed to form a uniform slurry, and then bran is added and stirred at high speed to contain vinegar with acetic acid content of 2.0% and water content of 30%. 1000 g of feed was prepared.

When this was fed to pigs, the palatability was good.

Example 2 Blending ratio Ginseng starch meal 700 g Apple vinegar 5% 200 β-Cyclodextrin 98% 4 Vinegar meal 96 First, cyclodextrin was dissolved in apple vinegar, and then the vinegar meal was dispersed and then added to starch meal. High-speed stirring was performed to prepare 1000 g of vinegar-containing feed having an acetic acid content of 1.0% and a water content of 33%.

When this was fed to cattle, the palatability was good.

Example 3 Blend ratio Rice vinegar 4.5% 30 g Brewed vinegar 15% 300 Sodium acetate (anhydrous) 15 Celldex CH-20 20 Gongruten feed 420 Dry Okara 215 First, sodium acetate was dissolved in brewed vinegar and cyclodextrin was added to this. Mix CH-20, a dextrin mixture. This was added to a mixture of dry okara and gluten feed, and stirred at high speed to prepare 1000 g of vinegar-containing feed having an acetic acidity of 4.6% and a water content of 34%.

When this was mixed with a mixed feed and fed to cattle, the palatability was good.

Example 4 Blend ratio Rice bran 120 g Chitosan 3 Dried grass 50 Grain vinegar 4.2% 72 Vinegar meal 400 Salt 5 Fusuma 350 First, hay is shredded to a grain size of 7 mesh pass and mixed with fusuma and rice bran, then chitosan in cereal vinegar , Salt is dissolved and vinegar is added to form a paste, which is then added to a mixture of dry feed and stirred at high speed. Then, it was subjected to a disc pelleter to obtain a granulated product having a diameter of 4 mm. 920 g of vinegar-containing feed having an acetic acidity of 0.3% and a water content of 25% was prepared.

When this was fed to chickens, the palatability was good.

Example 5 Mixing ratio Dry soy sauce cake 550 g Dextrin 50 Calcium acetate 5 Acetic acid 63 Water 332 First, acetic acid is diluted to dissolve calcium acetate and dextrin, and the mixture is put into dry soy sauce cake and stirred at a high speed to obtain an acetic acid acidity of 5.9.
%, Water 41%, vinegar-containing feed 1000 g was prepared.

When this was mixed with a mixed feed and fed to cattle, the palatability was good.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, the vinegar-containing and / or acetic acid-containing feed of the present invention is easy to mix and can be efficiently used even in an automated device, has a small loss of acetic acid vaporization even after a long time, and rots even when undried. It is difficult to reduce variations in the intake of vinegar etc. by livestock, and moreover, it has remarkable effects such as high feed efficiency.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A dry feed, (a) vinegar and / or acetic acid, and (c) cyclodextrin, sodium acetate,
Maltosyl cyclodextrin, dextrin, vinegar and one or more kinds of vinegar and / or acetic acid holding material, water content 25% (weight) or more 40%
(Weight) The vinegar-containing and / or acetic acid-containing feed characterized by being below.