JPH0684873B2 - Solid heat storage with heat pipe function - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solid-state heat storage device that stores heat energy as sensible heat, and more specifically, it transfers heat between a working fluid and heat storage material that mainly transport heat as latent heat. A regenerator configured to perform.

2. Description of the Related Art There are demands for small-sized hot water supply facilities for individual houses, small-scale apartment houses, etc. to be small in size, low energy costs, etc. A hot water supply system that can be used has already been proposed as Japanese Patent Application No. 63-253575 (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-252898). The basic configuration is that a heat storage device that is a heat source and a heat exchanger that heats water are connected by a loop heat pipe,
This is schematically shown in FIG. That is, reference numeral 1 in FIG. 5 denotes a loop heat pipe, which is a vacuum-exhausted closed circuit in which a condensable fluid for transporting heat as latent heat of water, chlorofluorocarbon, alcohol, etc. is enclosed as a working fluid. The heat pipe 1 partially penetrates the heat storage device 2 at a low position,
On the other hand, the heat exchanger 3 is penetrated at a high position. The heat storage device 2 uses a suitable material such as a ceramic material or an organic material as a heat storage material, and an electric heater 4 is attached to apply heat from the outside. The heat exchanger 3 heats water supplied from the outside to make hot water, and an opening / closing valve 6 is provided in the water supply pipe line 5 thereof. Furthermore, a regulating valve 7 for regulating the flow rate of the working fluid in the liquid phase is provided in the portion of the loop heat pipe 1 from the heat exchanger 3 to the heat accumulator 2.

Therefore, in the hot water supply facility described above, heat energy is stored in the heat storage device 2 by heating the heat storage material by the electric heater 4, and when tapping is required, the working fluid in the liquid phase is stored via the adjusting valve 7. If water is supplied to the heat exchanger 3 while being sent to the heat exchanger 2, the working fluid is heated and evaporated in the heat storage portion 2 of the heat pipe 1, and the vapor is transferred to the heat exchanger 3
After flowing to the part of the water, heat is given to the water to condense, and as a result,
Hot water is obtained. As described above, in the hot water supply facility shown in FIG. 5, since the electric heater 4 can be turned on to store thermal energy at any time other than when hot water is needed, inexpensive midnight power can be used, Since a hot water storage tank is not required, it can be made small.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention In the hot water supply facility described above, since the working fluid in the heat pipe mediates the transfer of heat from the heat storage material to the water, it is necessary to obtain hot water at the required temperature at the same time as the faucet opening operation. In order to improve the thermal response, it is necessary to transfer heat from the heat storage material in the heat storage device 2 to the heat pipe quickly and in large quantities. Therefore, for example, when a solid such as ceramic is used as the heat storage material, as shown in FIG. 6, the loop-type heat pipe 1 includes an evaporator 8 for evaporating a working fluid, and an evaporator 8 for the upper header pipe 9 and a lower header pipe 10. A plurality of vertical tubes 11 are provided between them to form a grid as a whole.
It is conceivable to employ a heat accumulator that sandwiches 11 by a solid heat storage material 12 having a two-divided structure in a close contact state, and welds the vertical pipe 11 and the heat storage material 12 as necessary.

In the heat accumulator having such a structure, the vertical pipe 11 and the heat storage material 12
In order to bring the heat storage material 12 into close contact with the
However, it is extremely difficult in terms of the processing technology of the recess 13 to make the diameter of the recess 13 and the outer diameter of the vertical pipe 11 perfectly match. Tube 11
However, the vertical pipe 11 and the heat storage material 12 come into contact with each other at a point or a line, resulting in a space between them. Air enters the space like this, and the heat transfer coefficient of air is low.
This causes a problem that heat transfer between 12 and the vertical pipe 11 is obstructed.

In order to eliminate such inconvenience, the heat storage material 12 and the vertical pipe 11
It is also possible to weld and, but for that purpose technically difficult or advanced work is required, the disadvantage that the cost of the regenerator or hot water supply equipment becomes high, and the vertical pipe 11 and the regenerator material 12 Since it is repeatedly heated and cooled and has a different coefficient of thermal expansion, it may peel off at the welded portion to form a space during long-term use, which may cause the aforementioned inconvenience. In addition to this, the vertical pipe 11 may be damaged during welding and the working fluid may leak, or, on the contrary, air may enter the inside.

On the other hand, the space between the vertical pipe 11 and the heat storage material 12 is filled with a paste-like thermal joint to form a vertical pipe.
It is conceivable to ensure heat transfer between 11 and the heat storage material 12, but since the thermal joint deteriorates over time,
There is a disadvantage that the heat transfer is gradually impaired, and the vertical tube 11 and the heat storage material 12 are thermally expanded and contracted to inevitably form a space.

In order to ensure surface contact between the heat storage material 12 and the vertical pipe 11 and to widen the contact area as much as possible, it is conceivable that the vertical pipe 11 has a rectangular cross section. And the header pipes 9 and 10 are deteriorated in overall manufacturing workability including welding, and further, strength and thermal characteristics become uneven in the circumferential direction.

In the structure of the conventional heat storage device described above, since the header pipes 9 and 10 are located outside the heat storage material 12, this portion does not function as a heat transfer surface, and there is a problem that thermal efficiency deteriorates.
In order to solve this, a header pipe with a heat storage material with a divided structure
Although the structure in which the heat storage material is sandwiched between the header pipes 9 and 10 is necessary, a complicated structure and work for bringing the heat storage material into close contact with the header pipes 9 and 10 are required.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a small-sized and lightweight solid regenerator having excellent thermal characteristics.

Means for Solving the Problems A solid regenerator having a heat pipe function of the present invention,
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, as a hollow portion formed inside the heat storage material block having no gas permeability, it is formed in the upper part of the heat storage material block in a substantially horizontal direction and is opened on the side surface of the heat storage material block. The upper header portion, the lower header portion which is formed in the lower portion of the heat storage material block in a substantially horizontal direction, and which is opened on the side surface of the heat storage material block, and the upper header portion which is formed in the vertical direction so as to communicate these header portions. A plurality of vertical holes, and at one end of the upper header portion and one end of the lower header portion of the hollow portion,
Each of them is characterized in that a pipe for circulating a working fluid that transports heat as evaporation latent heat is connected in an airtight state.

Furthermore, in the present invention, a solid heat storage material of another material type is closely attached to the outer surface of the heat storage material block, and, for example, the heat storage material block is made of metal, and the solid heat storage material of a different material type is made of ceramic. The heat storage capacity can be increased without particularly increasing the weight.

Further, a heater is provided below the hollow portion and auxiliary heating of the working fluid in the hollow portion is performed from the lower side, whereby evaporation of the working fluid can be promoted.

Function In the heat storage device of the present invention, the working fluid flows inside the hollow portion formed in the heat storage material block, so that the working fluid comes into contact with the heat storage material to transfer heat between the two. More specifically, the working fluid flows from the outside into one of the header parts (for example, the lower header part) formed inside the heat storage material block via the pipe, and from the lower header part, the working fluid of the heat storage material block is also discharged. It branches into a plurality of vertical holes formed inside and flows in, and is gathered in the other header part (for example, upper header part) also formed inside the heat storage material block, and from that header part through a pipe. Although it flows out to the outside, while the working fluid flows through the lower header portion, the vertical hole portion, and the upper header portion, the working fluid keeps contacting the heat storage material, and heat is transferred during that time. Since the heat storage material block itself that performs heat storage forms a hollow portion through which the working fluid flows, there is no intervening material between the working fluid and the heat storage material, and therefore heat transfer between the two is extremely efficient. The thermal conductivity does not decrease due to thermal expansion, thermal contraction or aging. As described above, since the header portions (upper header portion and lower header portion) for inflowing and outflowing the working fluid into and from the vertical holes are also formed inside the heat storage material block, the heat of the working fluid is not generated. The heat transfer area for transferring and receiving is large, and heat transfer can be performed extremely efficiently from that point as well.

When a solid heat storage material made of another material is attached to the outer surface of the heat storage material block, heat energy is stored in both the heat storage material block and the solid heat storage material made of another material. The heat is applied to the working fluid from the solid heat storage material. In that case, since the heat storage material block and the solid heat storage material can be brought into contact with each other on a flat surface, heat transfer between them can be favorably performed.

In the configuration in which the heater is arranged on the lower side of the hollow portion, the working fluid in the hollow portion can be heated from the lower side, so that the evaporation of the working fluid can be promoted.

Embodiment Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a fractured cross section showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of a fractured cross section of the same. The heat storage material block 20 is made of a metal having a large volume specific heat, such as stainless steel or cast iron. The heat storage material block 20 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and inside the heat storage material block 20, there is formed a hollow portion including upper and lower header portions 21 and 22 and a plurality of vertical hole portions 23 that communicate these. That is, the upper header portion 21 is formed in the upper side portion of the heat storage material block 20 along substantially the horizontal direction, and opens on the side surface of the heat storage material block 20. Further, the lower header portion 22 is formed in the lower portion of the heat storage material block 20 along a substantially horizontal direction, and opens in a direction opposite to the upper header portion 21. Further, each vertical hole portion 23 is formed in parallel with each other and in the vertical direction, and each header portion 2
1,22 are in communication. This hollow part is a heat storage material block
It may be formed by perforating 20 and welding the plug 24 to an unnecessary opening and sealing the plug 24, or a through hole may be formed at the same time when the heat storage material block 20 is cast. However, after that, the plug 24 may be welded to an unnecessary opening and sealed here. In particular, the latter method is preferable in terms of accelerating nucleate boiling of the working fluid, which will be described later, and increasing the surface area because the inner surface of the hollow portion has irregularities.

Thick plate portions 25 and thin fins 26 extending in the vertical direction are projectingly provided on both front and back surfaces of the heat storage material block 20, and electric heaters 27 are inserted in the thick plate portions 25 in the vertical direction. It is arranged. Further, another electric heater 28 is inserted and arranged below the lower header portion 22 in a substantially horizontal direction. The thick plate portion 25 and the fins 26 may be cast integrally with the heat storage material block 20, or may be integrated with the heat storage material block 20 by welding.

Between the thick plate portion 25 and the fins 26, a solid heat storage material 29 having a large volume specific heat, such as ceramics or heat storage bricks, is arranged in close contact with the heat storage material block 20. Explaining the mounting structure of these solid heat storage materials 29, as shown in exploded view in FIG. 3, a flat plate is provided at the tip of each thick plate portion 25 so as to be parallel to the front surface or the back surface of the heat storage material block 20. 30 is fixed by bolts 31, each solid heat storage material 29 is disposed between the flat plate 30 and the heat storage material block 20, and the heat storage material block is formed by an elastic body, such as a disc spring 32, disposed between the flat heat storage material block 20 and the flat heat storage material block 20. 20
It is pressed so that it adheres to the. Therefore, the difference in the amount of thermal expansion and the amount of thermal contraction between the heat storage material block 20 and the solid heat storage material 29 is absorbed by allowing relative sliding between the two, and at the same time the close contact state is always maintained.
The solid heat storage material 29, the heat storage material block 20, and the thick plate portion 25
In addition, it is preferable to apply heat transfer cement to the contact surface with the fins 26. Reference numeral 33 in FIG. 3 is a spacer.

A vapor pipe 34 is connected to the upper header portion 21 while maintaining airtightness, and a liquid return pipe 35 is connected to the lower header portion 22.
Are connected while maintaining airtightness, and in this state, a non-condensable fluid such as air is evacuated and a condensable fluid such as water or alcohol is sealed as a working fluid. Has been done. Further, the entire outer circumference of the heat storage material block 20 to which the solid heat storage material 29 is attached is covered with a heat insulating material 36.

Fig. 4 shows a system diagram of hot water supply equipment using the above-mentioned heat storage device. The hot water supply equipment here is one in which the hollow portion of the heat storage material block 20 is part of the loop heat pipe 37 described above, and the steam pipe 34 and the liquid return pipe 35 form part of the heat exchanger 38. It is connected to the condenser 39. This condenser 39 has a structure in which an upper header pipe 40 and a lower header pipe 41 are connected by a plurality of condensing pipes 42, the vapor pipe 34 is connected to the upper header pipe 40, and a liquid return pipe 35. Are connected to the lower header pipe 41. The heat exchanger 38 has a structure in which the outer periphery of the condenser 39 is covered with a jacket 43, the water supply pipe 44 is connected to the lower inlet of the jacket 43, and the hot water supply pipe 45 is connected to the upper outlet. ing. Further, the hot water supply pipe 45 is provided with a mixing valve 46 for mixing the hot water sent out from the upper outlet with the water branched from the water supply pipe 44 to keep the hot water temperature constant. Further, a flow rate adjusting valve 47 is provided in the middle of the liquid return pipe 35 connected to the lower header pipe 41 of the condenser 39.

The operation of the heat accumulator described above will be described together with the operation of the hot water supply equipment shown in FIG.
When 7, 28 is turned on to generate heat, the heat storage material block 20 is heated and heated, and thermal energy is stored as sensible heat there,
Further, the heat of the heat storage material block 20 is given to the solid heat storage material 29 that is brought into close contact therewith, and thermal energy is also stored in the solid heat storage material 29. In that case, the heat storage material block 20 and the solid heat storage material 29
The expansion amount is different due to the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient, but the two are not positively joined and are simply brought into pressure contact with each other by the elastic force of the disc spring 32. Relative movement is allowed, thermal stress and cracks accompanying it do not occur between the two, and at the same time a close contact state is maintained.

On the other hand, the hollow portion and the condensation portion 39 in the heat storage material block 20.
Further, the steam pipe 34 connecting them, the inside of the loop heat pipe 37 consisting of the liquid return pipe 35, the working fluid for transporting heat as latent heat of vaporization is sealed, by opening the flow rate adjusting valve 47, The liquid-phase working fluid is supplied to the lower header portion 22 of the heat accumulator through the liquid return pipe 35. In that case, the heat accumulator is provided at a position lower than the heat exchanger 38, and the liquid return pipe 35 is inclined downward toward the lower header portion 22 as shown in FIG. The difference is supplied to the lower header portion 22. Lower header part 22
The working fluid supplied to the heat storage material block 20
To vaporize because it is heated and flows out from the upper header portion 21 to the steam pipe 34. For heating to evaporate the working fluid, the working fluid is stored in the heat storage material block.
Since it is carried out by directly contacting with 20, there are few factors that hinder the heat transfer, and the heat transfer is performed extremely efficiently. When the temperature of the heat storage material block 20 is lowered by heating and evaporating the working fluid, heat is given to the heat storage material block 20 from the solid heat storage material 29, and eventually stored in both the heat storage material block 20 and the solid heat storage material 29. Thermal energy is used to heat and vaporize the working fluid. In that case, the heat transfer from the solid heat storage material 29 to the heat storage material block 20 is performed not only through the contact surfaces of the two, but also through the thick plate portion 25 and the fins 26 described above, and therefore the heat transfer is performed. Efficiency is good. When the working fluid is insufficiently evaporated, if the electric heater 28 provided on the lower side of the lower header portion 22 is energized to generate heat, the working fluid supplied to the lower header portion 22 will be heated almost directly. Evaporation of the working fluid occurs actively.

The steam of the working fluid generated as described above flows to the condenser 39 through the steam pipe 34, but from the water supply pipe 44 to the heat exchanger.
When water is supplied to 38, heat exchange occurs between the working fluid vapor inside the condenser 39 and the water inside the jacket 43, the water is heated to become hot water, and is sent out from the hot water supply pipe 45.
At the same time, inside the condenser 39, the working fluid vapor is condensed by radiating heat, and the liquefied working fluid is transferred to the lower header pipe.
It flows from 41 to the liquid return pipe 35, and is supplied again to the heat accumulator via the flow rate adjusting valve 47. If the hot water temperature obtained by the heat exchanger 38 is higher than the set temperature, the mixing valve 46
In, the water is mixed and the hot water supply temperature is maintained at the set temperature.

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As described above, according to the heat storage device of the present invention, since the hollow portion that is a part of the heat pipe is formed by providing the heat storage material block with the space, the heat storage material block that performs the heat storage operation is provided. Working fluid will come into direct contact with
As a result, there is no member material or space portion that hinders heat transfer from the heat storage material to the working fluid, and heat can be exchanged with the working fluid more efficiently than ever before, especially even the header portion is the heat storage material. Since it is formed inside the block, the heat transfer area is remarkably wider than before, and from that point as well, it is possible to efficiently transfer heat to and from the working fluid, and also to reduce the size without reducing the heat capacity. it can.
In addition, since there is no structural member made of a different material inside the heat storage material block, there is no risk of thermal stress or cracks accompanying it, and of course, the risk of working fluid leakage or air intrusion is prevented beforehand. be able to.

In addition, the solid heat storage materials of different materials can be closely attached to the outer surface of the heat storage material block to easily adjust the heat storage amount and shape / dimension to meet the needs. If so, the weight can be reduced.

And again by providing a heater under the hollow part,
When the heat storage material is insufficient or reduced, the heater makes it possible to heat and evaporate the working fluid quickly and efficiently.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a fractured cross section showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of a fractured cross section of the same, and FIG. 3 is a partially exploded plan view for explaining a mounting structure of a solid heat storage material, and FIG. Is a system diagram of hot water supply equipment using the heat storage device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, FIG. 5 is a system diagram of general hot water supply equipment using a loop type heat pipe, and FIG. 6 is a loop type heat pipe. It is a schematic perspective view for demonstrating the structure of the general heat storage device which attaches a solid heat storage material to a header pipe type evaporator. 20 …… Heat storage material block, 21 …… Upper header part, 22 …… Lower header part, 23 …… Vertical hole part, 28 …… Electric heater, 29 ……
Solid heat storage material.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (71) Applicant 999999999 Kyocera Co., Ltd. 5-5 Higashinokitainouemachi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto Prefecture 22 (72) Inventor Masataka Mochizuki 1-5-1, Kiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo Fujikura Den (72) Inventor Koichi Masuko 1-5-1, Kiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo Fujikura Electric Line Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Ryuichi Okiayu 1-1-5, Kiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo Fujikura Electric Line Shares In-house (72) Inventor Kozo Suzuki 1-3-3 Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Within Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. (72) Inoue Muneo 1-3-1 Uchiyuki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Within Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. (72) Inventor Koichi Suzuki 2-1-1 Asahi-cho, Kariya City, Aichi Prefecture Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Akihiko Hisamatsu 3-chome, Minato-cho, Tokoname City, Aichi Prefecture Address 7 Inax Enokido Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Koichi Nagasaki 1-1 Yamashita-cho, Kokubun City, Kagoshima Prefecture Kyocera Stock Company Kagoshima Kokubun Plant (56) Reference JP 63-38245 (JP, A) Actual Kaisho 58-154378 (JP, U)

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An upper header portion formed as a hollow portion formed inside a heat storage material block having no gas permeability in a substantially horizontal direction at an upper portion of the heat storage material block and opening on a side surface of the heat storage material block. And a lower header portion that is formed in the lower portion of the heat storage material block in a substantially horizontal direction and is open to the side surface of the heat storage material block, and a plurality of vertical portions formed in the vertical direction so as to communicate these header portions. And a pipe for circulating a working fluid for transporting heat as latent heat of vaporization is connected to one end of the upper header portion and one end of the lower header portion of the hollow portion in an airtight state. Solid heat storage with the characteristic heat pipe function. 2. The heat pipe function according to claim 1, wherein a solid heat storage material different from the heat storage material block is closely attached to the outer surface of the heat storage material block. Solid heat storage. 3. The solid regenerator having a heat pipe function according to claim 2, wherein the heat storage material block is a metal block, and the solid heat storage material is ceramic. 4. The solid regenerator having a heat pipe function according to claim 1, wherein a heater is provided below the central portion.