JPH0686345B2 - Burke compost and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial application] The present invention relates to a compost mainly made of bark (bark) and a method for producing the same.

[Conventional technology]

At present, Japanese Soviet Siberian and Canadian products such as Kara pine, Ezo pine, Beni pine, etc. are mainly used for housing materials in Japan, but when they are landed, a large amount of bark is discharged, For example, in Toyama prefecture, there are piles of bark that are piled up in the hinterland of the new port because no use can be found.

Heretofore, attempts have been made to use the bark as fuel, fertilizer, floor material for mushrooms and the like.

Attempts were made to make the fuel into small pellets so that it could be easily burned in the stove, but the attempt was actually unsuccessful because it was more expensive than petroleum.

Also, when considering the use of bark as a fertilizer, there are the following problems. It has a high carbon rate. That is, when this is applied to soil, decomposition by microorganisms occurs,
Since the bark has a large amount of carbon and a small amount of nitrogen, it is common for crops that originally intercept nitrogen in the soil and grow there to be nitrogen deficient. As to how far the carbon rate should be lowered, a value of 30 or less is generally acceptable, and Burke seems to be the limit point.

The results of Burke's analysis are as follows.

Carbon (C) 45.64% Nitrogen (N) 1.51% Carbon rate (C / N) 30.2% [Problems to be solved by the invention] Therefore, when bark is used as a fertilizer, it is decomposed in advance to obtain a carbon rate. Need to be used as low compost,
Since bark contains lignin and the like, which are difficult to decompose, as a main component, it took a very long time to decompose, and it could not be used at all in terms of cost.

There are similar problems with mushroom flooring, and even bark that has been used as flooring has not been decomposed,
It could not be used as fertilizer.

Also, even if the compost is completely decomposed bark,
From the viewpoint of the components of bark, it cannot be expected as a fertilizer element, and as a general rule, the main purpose is to replenish soil with organic matter, and replenishment of fertilizer nutrients is secondary.

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a very high fertilizing high-quality compost using bark as a main raw material, while a method for efficiently producing such compost. Is intended to provide.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is configured as follows.

1) The bark compost is prepared by fermenting crushed bark with rice bran as a fermentation accelerator, and fermented chicken manure.

2) Regarding the manufacturing method of bark compost, after crushing bark with a crusher, it is put into a fermentation promoting device together with rice bran, water content is adjusted while stirring in a heat insulating tank of the fermentation promoting device, and then occasionally stirred. On the other hand, the fermentation is promoted by mixing air almost constantly, and when the fermentation temperature reaches a temperature near the apex, poultry manure is added, and the fermented chicken manure is fermented at the fermentation temperature and then mixed with stirring to ferment the mixture. It is taken out from the fermentation promoting device after the end.

[Work]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following operation.

1) With respect to bark compost, since rice bran is used as a fermentation accelerator to ferment crushed bark, the cost is reduced by early fermentation, and the fermented rice bran is mixed with chicken manure to provide a good balance as a fertilizer element. Shows fertility.

2) Regarding the method for producing bark compost, it is suitable for producing the above-mentioned bark compost, and in particular, it is put into an insulating tank of a fermentation promoting device and sometimes stirred, while air is mixed almost constantly, so that fermentation is greatly promoted. , Can be commercialized early.
In addition, since the fermenting heat of the bark is used to ferment the chicken manure, the fermentation is very fast and, as it were, it is like complete combustion, and a bad odor hardly occurs.

〔Example〕

 Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 1 shows a fermentation promoting apparatus for bark, in which a tank 1 is provided with a mechanical room 2 below to provide an agitating device 3 and an aerating device 4, and the tank 1 is provided with a lid 5 for opening and closing. The agitator 3 is composed of a stirring blade 16 and a driving device 21 for the agitator 3, and the aeration device 4 is composed of an air diffuser 20 and a blower 22.

The tank 1 is formed as a double wall by the inner and outer walls 10 and 11 of the FRP, and a heat insulating material 12 of urethane foam is filled between the inner and outer walls 10 and 11. Then, it is formed into a cylindrical shape as a whole, and a discharge port 8 with a door is provided at the lower end portion on one side.

A stirring blade 16 is erected on the tank 1 by fixing a bearing 15 at the center of the bottom wall, and the stirring blade 16 has a shaft 17 supported by the bearing 15 and is screwed with blades 18, 18 ,. It is formed by projecting linearly. Also, on the bottom wall of the tank 1, an air diffuser
20 are spirally piped, and diffuser nozzles are provided on the upper surface of the diffuser pipe 20 at equal intervals.

The machine room 2 is internally provided with a drive device 21 for the stirring blades 16 and a blower 22 for feeding air to the air diffuser 20, and the drive device 21 includes a motor 23 and a speed reducer 24.

Like the tank 1, the lid 5 is formed as a double wall with inner and outer walls 10 and 11, and is filled with a urethane foam heat insulating material 12 inside. A tower 25 is provided in the center of the lid 5, an exhaust port 26 and a water supply port 27 are provided in the tower 25, and a water supply pipe 28 is connected to the tower 25.

FIG. 2 shows a bark crusher. The bark crusher S is provided with a pair of gears 7, 7 meshing with each other in the middle of an outlet 9 of a hopper 6 for charging the bark. .

According to this crusher S, although the fibers of the bark are crushed by the retraction of the gears 7, 7, both gears 7, 7
In the state of being fed out from between, the fibers already crushed by the pressure of both gears 7, 7 are fed out in a corrugated sheet shape because the fibers are still in the bonded state.

However, since the fibers are weakly bonded to each other, when the sheet-shaped bark is put into the fermentation promoting apparatus F in the next step and stirred, it is immediately pulverized into fine particles so that the fermentation can be easily performed.

In the experiments so far, such a crushing machine of the two gears 7, 7 was most suitable for fine crushing of the bark fiber.

Next, a fermentation process in the fermentation promoting apparatus F for bark crushed in this way will be described.

Add 180 kg of pulverized bark to tank 1 in an absolutely dry amount. Also, 60 kg of rice bran is added as a fermentation accelerator. For rice bran
Contains 30% water. In this way, after a predetermined amount of bark and rice bran is put into the tank 1, the water content is adjusted to about 50% while stirring and supplying water.

Then, the materials are stirred and the air is mixed. Of which
For stirring, the stirring blade 16 is rotated once a day by the operation of the motor 23 for about 20 minutes. The air is mixed by always operating the blower 22.

With this, when the temperature rises to about 60 ° C, 75 kg of chicken manure is added as a fertilizer element. It contains about 50% water. Since chicken manure is rapidly decomposed on bark at optimum temperature and moisture conditions, it is stirred and mixed 24 hours after the addition.

After this, stir once a day for about 20 minutes. Now the temperature is 70
Since it decomposes to the maximum when the temperature rises up to about ℃, the temperature gradually decreases from that point. When the temperature returns to normal, the discharge port 8 is opened and the aged compost is taken out.

By allowing air to continue to be entrained until the compost is removed, the decomposition will be more complete and the drying will proceed.

The bark compost taken out from the tank 1 is a blackish brown powder, and its analysis values are as follows.

Next, a fertilizing effect test of the bark compost thus produced will be described.

Cultivation and fertilizing effect test with Komatsuna 1. Objective of the test The effect of the material on the growth and yield of Komatsuna will be examined.

2. Test location Toyama Prefectural Institute of Technology, Kurokawa, Kosugi Town, Imizu Group, Toyama Prefecture 3. Test period July-August 1988 4. Test method (1) Type of test 1/5000 Soil cultivation method with Wagner pot, Double control (2) Outline of the test soil Toyama Prefecture Nakashinkawa-gun Tateyama-cho Koichi Hino-Ueno stacked layered field soil 2.9 kg filling per pot (3) Types of prototypes Komatsuna (variety; ohana) 3 stands per pot (4) Name of test area (5) Fertilizer design a. Nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium were applied to each component (N, P ₂ O ₅ , K ₂ O) at 0.5 g per pot. In other words, 2.4 g of ammonium sulfate, 2.9 g of gemstone, salted
0.8g b. Bark compost 0.5% ward 15g per pot 10g conversion 500kg 1.0% 〃 30g 〃 1,000kg 2.0% 〃 60g 〃 2,000kg 3.0% 〃 90g 〃 3,000kg c. Magnesium charcoal was applied at 1.0 g (50 kg / 10a) per pot to all areas of lime and young soil.

D. Application method The above fertilizer and materials were mixed in all layers.

(6) Outline of cultivation management a. Soil filling July 14th b. Fertilization and sowing July 14th c. Thinning out July 21st and July 26th d. Harvest August 18 5. Test results 6. Consideration a. Regarding the test soil As the main purpose of this material is to replenish the soil with effective substances, it was necessary to select a soil with a small amount of humus as the test soil. The soil had a lot of humus and was not sufficient for the test purpose. However, it seems to be a general upland soil with few problems.

I. Regarding the growth situation Germination and subsequent growth proceeded smoothly. It was treated a little bit of insect damage, but it seems to have little effect.

In the case of the three-element fertilizer-free area, the area to which the material was applied showed a slight growth at the early stage of growth compared to the bark compost-free area, but it recovered after that and the latter half of the growth was good in the bark compost-applied area. became. Therefore, it can be considered that the effect of nitrogen shortage in crops due to the application of bark compost is almost negligible.

Next, in the three-element application plot, there was no significant difference in appearance from the initial growth. However, in the latter half, the bark compost application area seemed to be good.

C. Yield survey First, in the case of the three-element non-application, the effect is recognized because the fertilizer nutrients in the bark compost decompose and come out. However,
It is difficult to judge the effect of supplementing the soil with organic matter, but the rooting seems to be good.

Next, regarding the case of supplementing with three elements, from the conclusion, it seems that the effect of bark compost is slightly recognized.

When considering the effect of bark compost as described above, one is the effect of improving the soil and the other is the effect of mainly nitrogen nutrients contained in the material. As for nitrogen, since 1.51% of N is contained per dry matter, for example, in the 1.0% application section, 30 g of bark compost is applied per pot, so the next application amount is obtained. (Water content is 36.0%) This nitrogen is not fully expressed as fertilizer nutrients,
Some manifestation of fertility is expected.

Therefore, looking at the fertilizing effect of 1% of bark compost, that is, 30g, (yield of Mu-1.0 ward)-(yield of Mu-0 ward) = 2.5-2.1 = 1.1g (yield of manure-1.0 ward)-(fertilizer -Yield of plot 0) = 9.9-9.0 = 0.9g, that is, 1.1g to 0.9g per pot. Of course, this can be seen as a total effect of the effects of nitrogen nutrients and the addition of organic matter to the soil, but at present, the soil improvement effect does not appear immediately, so most of them are the effects of fertilizer nutrients mainly containing nitrogen. Seems to be good. However, the effect of chemical fertilizer (9.0-1.4 = 7.6g / pot) is quite small.

[Summary] Initially, it is possible to judge that damage due to high carbon ratio (C / N) due to bark and seawater damage will not be affected by material analysis and cultivation test. This indicates that this material is a highly advanced composting material.

In addition, although the effect of organic substance application cannot be judged in this test, the effect of fertilizer nutrients (mainly nitrogen) contained in the material is recognized to be slight. <Probably due to composting promoting substances other than bark. <Effects of the Invention> From the above description, the present invention remarkably exhibits the following effects.

1) With bark compost, not only can organic matter be supplied to the soil, but it is also a natural fertilizer with well-balanced three elements of fertilizer. Shows even higher fertility when used in combination with fertilizer,
Further, since rice bran is used as a fermentation accelerator, it can be provided at a low cost in production, and even if the price is high, it has excellent effects such as being suitable for economical use for special crops such as horticultural crops, etc. There is.

2) According to the method for producing bark compost, the decomposition of bark can be further promoted, so that bark compost can be provided at a lower cost, and chicken manure is fermented by utilizing the fermentation heat of the bark compost, so that the fermentation efficiency is high. It is highly rational, and in particular, it has an excellent effect such that no bad odor is generated due to fermentation of chicken manure.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are cross-sectional views of a fermentation promoting device and a bark crusher used in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a graph showing a comparative test example of fertilizing effect of bark compost. F ... Fermentation promoting device, 1 ... Insulation tank 3 ... Stirring device, 4 ... Aeration device

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A bark compost, which comprises fermenting ground bark using rice bran as a fermentation accelerator, and fermented chicken manure therein. 2. A bark is crushed by a crusher and then put into a fermentation promoting apparatus together with rice bran, and water content is adjusted while stirring in a heat insulating tank of the fermentation promoting apparatus. Fermentation is promoted by mixing air, poultry manure is added when the fermentation temperature reaches a temperature close to the top, fermented manure at that fermentation temperature, then stirred and mixed, and fermentation is promoted after fermentation is completed. A method for producing bark compost, which is characterized in that the bark compost is taken out from the apparatus.