JPH0686769B2 - Forming method - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention uses a foam plastic side part formwork for constructing a concrete structure such as a method frame, a partition wall, a retaining wall, and a gutter on an inclined ground such as a slope. The present invention relates to a method for constructing a new formwork, and particularly to a method for pressing and fixing the top formwork to the side formwork so that the poured concrete does not leak out.

[Technical background]

There are many concrete structures on sloping land, such as gutters for drainage, legal frames for slope protection, other bulkheads and retaining walls.

These are performed by either a precast method using a concrete block or a secondary concrete product, or a cast-in-place concrete method in consideration of the type of structure, the degree of inclination of the construction site, and other conditions.

However, in the former case, since heavy objects are transported and assembled on a sloping ground, it is often difficult to rely on human-naval tactics in some cases. There are drawbacks such as limitations.

On the other hand, the latter does not have such drawbacks, but the leveling work on sloping ground and the work to build a form using heavy steel plates or plywood panels are much more difficult than those in the case of flat ground, and it takes a lot of man-hours and is also dangerous. Therefore, as for the current method frame, the combination of wire mesh and rebar, which is lightweight and easily conforms to the unevenness of the slope (ground), and a simple formwork consisting only of corrugated cardboard or styrene foam side formwork, are used to improve the fluidity. The practice is to mix low-concrete concrete on site and spray it into the formwork.

[Disadvantages of conventional technology]

However, spraying requires large-scale equipment such as a device for mixing concrete on site and a spraying device, and an installation place,
The cost per unit area is extremely high, especially for small-area construction. Further, the operation of the hose and the nozzle is a heavy labor, and it is a costly work that requires the skill of the worker.

However, since the simple formwork used to construct the conventional method frame has an open top, it cannot be used for pouring. Further, in the case of the side groove and the partition wall, there is no even a simple mold for spraying, and the conventional method is either pouring and placing concrete or using the precast method.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, and a method of erection of a formwork for forming a concrete structure such as a gutter or a partition wall as well as a concrete frame in a sloping ground by pouring concrete concretely and reliably. The purpose is to provide.

The greatest feature is that the top mold is fixed by using a separator that connects the side molds made of foamed plastic facing each other on the left and right and a lateral core material that is separately inserted.

That is, foamed plastic moldings such as Styrofoam are
Since it is lightweight and easy to work on, it is easier to install than iron and plywood products, and it is easy to follow unevenness on the slope, but it cannot be nailed like a plywood formwork, and it is made of iron plate. It cannot be bolted like a formwork.

Therefore, in the present invention, both ends of the separator or the horizontal core member are projected outward from the side mold, and the presser foot is engaged with the hook fittings or tightening fittings directly attached to the end portions or attached to the end portions. With the tool, the top mold is pressed against and fixed to the side mold.

Thus, the mold used in the present invention is composed of a side mold having a shape corresponding to the type and shape of the construct, and a top mold covering the upper surface between the side molds. The side mold is fixed on the slope so that there is no gap between the lower surface and the slope, and the top mold is pressed and fixed to the side mold. Then, concrete is poured into a space formed by the slope and the side and top molds by pouring, and after the concrete is hardened, each mold is removed. Reinforcing bars are usually arranged and fixed in the space.

It should be noted that, in order to fix each side formwork to the slope, in addition to connecting side formworks that are usually paired with a separator and fixing this separator to the slope with an anchor, etc., the side formwork is directly anchored to the slope. It may be fixed to. At that time, if the slopes such as the ground are not adjusted or there are some irregularities, the lower surface of the side formwork and part of the slopes are shaved, and earth and stone or foam plastic pieces are fitted to eliminate the gap, It is good practice to prevent concrete leaks. In addition, in order to prevent the bending and the damage, it is advisable to reinforce the corner side frame with a flap material.

As the material of the side mold, any kind of rigid foamed PVC, foamed polyolefin, foamed ABS, etc. can be used as long as it is rigid and flexible, but it is most preferable to use styrofoam that is flexible and inexpensive even at a high expansion ratio. The expansion ratio is about 20 to 100 times, more preferably about 30 to 50 times. In addition, it is preferable that the surface of the mold member is peeled off.

On the other hand, as the top mold, a foam plastic molded into a rectangular or other plate shape is used according to the shape between the side molds, but a plywood panel can also be used in some cases.

Next, the top formwork is fixed to the side formwork by using a presser made of a flexible body such as a cord, a rubber band, or a PP band, or a rigid body such as a short cut reinforcing bar or a narrow iron plate. Then, these pressers are engaged with the end portions of the separator or the horizontal core member directly or with the hooking metal fittings and tightening metal fittings inserted and attached to the end portions. At this time, a flap material may be placed on the top mold.

It is preferable that the concrete poured into the formwork thus built has a constant quality and is easy to handle. However, if the amount is small, soft concrete prepared on site may be used. Use concrete having a normal hardness (slump value of about 6 to 12). When pouring concrete, it is advisable to pour it while applying vibration in order to fill it without any gaps. Also, if the frame is completely built up, it is difficult to place it, so first fix only the side formwork on the slope, then fix the top formwork to a part of the lower end of the slope and place concrete. Do this operation alternately to reach the upper end of the slope. Since there is a possibility that pouring of concrete for transverse girders may not be performed sufficiently, a hole is made in a part of it.
It is good to fill from there as well.

[Examples and modifications]

 Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment) FIGS. 1 to 5 show an example of the method of the present invention for constructing a legal frame on a slope.

First, a side mold (1) made of expanded plastic having an L shape in plan view
-(1) is connected by a separator (2) ..., fixed on the slope (S) so that there is no gap between the lower surface and the slope (S), and then covers the upper surface of the mold space (L). The top formwork (3) is pressed and fixed to the side formwork (1). After that,
Concrete (C) is poured into the space (K) composed of the slope (S) and the side molds (1) / top molds (3) by pouring, and after the concrete hardens, each mold (1) ) ・
(3) will be removed to complete the legal framework (F).

The side formwork is connected by inserting the U-shaped insertion parts (2a) and (2a) of the separator (2) inside the side formwork (1) as shown in FIGS. The hook metal fitting (4) in which the wire is bent in a θ shape from the outside, the flap material (5), and the retainer (6) made of rebar are sequentially inserted.
Further, the fixing is to connect the separator (2) to a reinforcing bar (7) such as a reinforcing bar or a plastic bar, and to the separator (2) or the reinforcing bar (7), a main anchor (8) ... And an auxiliary anchor (9) ... Are connected and the anchors (8) and (9) are driven into the slope (S). By inserting the retainer (6) into the slope (S), the side form (1) can be fixed more firmly. Also, the space (L) between the side molds is determined by the supporting portions (2b) and (2b) of the separator (2).
It depends on the interval.

Next, the top formwork (3) is placed so as to cover the space (L) between the side formwork (1) and (1), and the flap material (10) is placed on the top formwork (3). The tools (11) ... Are inserted into the hooking metal fittings (4), (4) and pressed and fixed to the side frame (1). In this case, make the hook metal fitting (4) somewhat shorter,
When the presser tool (11) is bent, the top part formwork (3) is pressed more effectively.

The top formwork (3) of this example is a combination of a rectangular shape (3a) in plan view as shown in FIG. 3 and an octagonal shape (3b) for forming a haunch portion at the intersection. . In addition, a chamfered portion (3c) for forming a surface (M) and an “aijakuri” (3d) are provided on the legal frame. Instead of the chamfered portion (3c), the chamfered portion (1a) may be provided on the side frame (1) as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), or it may be omitted.

However, if the top formwork (3) is fixed all at once, it will be difficult to place concrete. So, for example, from the bottom of the slope (or from the middle or from the bottom and the middle), fix the top formwork (3) by one step (Fig. 4) and pour concrete (C ₁ ). , The next part is concrete (C ₂ ), and the part is concrete (C ₃ ), so that fixing the top formwork (3) and pouring it may be performed alternately.

Then, after all the concrete has been cast and the curing period has passed, the mold is removed (the mold is removed). The demolding is performed in the reverse order of the above-described building of the mold, and as shown in FIG. 5, the haunch (H) and the surface (M) are provided, and the method frame (F) having a good surface finish is obtained. . The bottom of the legal frame may be integrated with the retaining wall.

(Modification) Next, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show an example of a sloping slope (S) in which straightening is simply performed or omitted.

In this case, first, the lower surface of the side formwork (1) is shaved at the convex portion (a) of the slope (S), and the concave portion (b) is filled with debris or foamed plastic lumps to eliminate the gap. Further, a plate-like object or a foam plastic piece is inserted into the gap (c) between the side molds (4).

Next, the top mold (3) is warped and fixed so as to follow the unevenness of the slope (S). First, of the intersections (the same applies to the horizontal girders), the top mold (3b) on the lower side (d) is warped convexly, and the top form (3b) on the upper side (e) is concave. Adjust the position of the flap so that it warps and fix it. Also, in the vertical girder portion (f), the flap material (10) is omitted (it can be used if it has some flexibility), and the top formwork (3a) is warped in the concave to form the side formwork (1). Press and fix.

However, in this example, it is necessary to press down the top formwork (3) with a considerable force. Therefore, instead of the hooking metal fitting (4) and the presser foot (11), a tightening metal fitting (12) shown in FIG. 8 (a) and a presser foot (13) made of a narrow iron plate are used.

The tightening metal fitting (12) includes a main body (12a) provided with notches (12b) and (12b) for hooking and fixing the separator insertion portion (2a), and a threaded portion for screwing a thumbscrew (12d). It consists of (12c). The main body (12a) is made of a thin iron plate so that it can be inserted between the side formwork (1) and the flap material (5). Further, the presser tool (13) is provided with notches (13b) and (13b) to be fitted into the threaded portion (12c) at both ends of the iron plate body (13a). The position of the pressing tool (13) can be easily adjusted by rotating the thumbscrew (12d).

Next, FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show an example in which a partition wall (W), a side groove (D) and the like are constructed using a side formwork (1) having an I-shape in plan view. Also in this case, similarly to each of the above-mentioned examples, the side molds (1) are fixed on the slope with the separator (2) or the like in accordance with the position and shape of the partition wall (W) or the side groove (D), and then the top part is fixed. The mold (3) is pressed and fixed.

Further, in this example, a PP band for packing is used as the retainer (14), which is passed through the upper end of the hooking metal (15) and is fastened and fixed by the fastener (16) using a fastener.
Reference numeral (17) in the figure denotes a patch.

The tightening using this PP band has the advantages that the operation and adjustment of the tightening degree are extremely easy and the cost of parts is low. The hook metal fitting (15) is the upper end of the hook metal fitting (4).
Although it is bent so that the PP band can be easily inserted,
Instead of this, the hook metal fittings (1
8) may be used. Each of these has a ring (18a) through which the band is inserted, and a notch (18b) and a protrusion (18a).
It is hooked on the end of the separator by c).

(Other Embodiments) FIG. 12 shows another example in which the state of fixing the position of the side formwork (1) to the slope (S) is different.

In this, the reinforcing bars (7), which are bundled by the hoop muscles (19), are arranged and fixed on the slope (S) by the anchors (8), (9), and the I-shaped wide side part formwork (1). ... are directly fixed to the slope (S) by the formwork fixing anchor (20) (Figs. 12 (a), (b)).

In this case, since the separator (2) is not used, the transverse core material (21) with the rebar cut is inserted and fixed with both ends protruding from the side of the side formwork (1). To do. Then, hooks (22a) and (22a) provided at both ends of the stretchable retainer (22) are hooked on both ends of the horizontal core material (21) to fix the top formwork (3). The body (22b) of the retainer (22) is a rubber band.

As the horizontal core material (21), a wire in which wire is doubly bent as shown in FIG. 12 (c) may be used. Alternatively, the top metal mold (3) may be pressed and fixed by the retainer (11) made of rebar by using the tightening fitting (23) shown in FIG.

Although various means for pressing and fixing the top form have been shown above, it is of course possible to use the respective holding tools, hooking fittings, and fastening fittings in combination other than those shown in the figure. Furthermore, various other modified examples are possible.

〔effect〕

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, both ends of a separator or a separately fixed horizontal core member that connects side molds made of foamed plastic are made to project to the outside of the side molds, and The top formwork is pressed and fixed directly or by a retainer engaged with a hooking metal fitting or a tightening metal fitting attached to the end portion.

Therefore, it is possible to easily and reliably build a mold using foamed plastic, and it is possible to perform it safely and swiftly even under steep slopes and other severe working conditions, and it is possible to greatly reduce the cost and construction period for building a mold.

Also, by using the top mold, it is possible to pour concrete, so the equipment required for spraying is not required and no special skill is required, and the mold itself is water resistant, heat insulating and heat retaining. Since it is excellent in construction, it has many excellent advantages such as being able to perform construction under low temperature and bad weather.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 show an example of the method of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a state in which a top mold is pressed and fixed to a side mold, and FIG.
The figure is a perspective view showing the state of assembling the side molds, the figure 3 is a rear perspective view of the combined top formwork, and the figure 4 is a plan view of a large number of formwork on the slope. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the obtained method frame. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are cross-sectional views of different combination molds. FIGS. 7 and 8 show another method of pressing and fixing, FIG. 7 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a built-in form, FIG. 8 (a) is a plan view of a fastening fitting, and FIG. 8 (b). [FIG. 3] is a plan view of a presser foot. Further, FIGS. 9 and 10 show a case where another partition wall and a side groove are constructed, and FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a state where the side formwork is assembled,
FIG. 10B is a sectional view showing a fixed state of the top formwork, FIG.
The figure is a perspective view of the obtained concrete structure. Further, FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b) are plan views of different hooking fittings. FIG. 12 shows still another example, (a) is a plan view of the side formwork fixed to the slope, (b) is a cross-sectional view showing the fixed state of the top formwork, and (c) is It is a perspective view which shows another press-fixing means. 1 …… Side form 2 …… Separator 2a …… Insertion part 2b …… Supporting part 3 …… Top form 4 ・ 15 ・ 18 …… Hooking metal fittings 5 ・ 10 …… Flapping material 6 …… Withdrawal 11 ・ 13 ・ 14 ・ 22 …… Presser foot 12 ・ 23 …… Clamping fitting 21 …… Horizontal core material S …… Slope

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A separator or a horizontal core member is fixed to the left and right foam plastic side molds arranged at a predetermined interval with both ends thereof protruding outward from each mold, and the above-mentioned interval is maintained. The top formwork placed on the side formwork to cover the upper part of the side formwork, either directly on the end part or by a holding tool engaged with a hooking fitting or a tightening fitting attached to the end part. A method of building a form, characterized by pressing and fixing. 2. The method of constructing a form according to claim 1, wherein a flexible body such as a rubber band, a PP band, and a cord is used as the presser. 3. The method for constructing a form according to claim 1, wherein a rigid body such as a reinforcing bar or an iron plate is used as the presser.