JPH0692052B2 - Machine tool head, tool and table changer - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[Industrial applications]

The present invention relates to a machine tool capable of performing various types of machining with a single machine tool, and more particularly to a head, tool and table exchanging device for the machine tool.

[Prior art]

As a conventional technique, there is Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-33281. That is, Y is placed above the table that is moved in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.
A cross column extending in the axial direction is provided, and a plurality of heads are hung on and removed from this cross column and mounted in parallel so that they can move laterally, on the way of the lateral movement path of each head of the cross column,
A head driving connector connectable to any one head is provided, and a moving device for selectively moving an arbitrary head toward the connector and a connecting device for connecting the selectively moved head and the connector are provided. There was something.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

In the above-mentioned conventional one, since the types of heads required in advance are collectively provided in the cross column, the cross column becomes longer and larger as the number of types of heads increases, and the width of the machine increases. was there. Further, since the weight on the cross column side increases, a large amount of power is required when the cross column side is moved in a part of the machining movement, for example, the X-axis or Y-axis direction. Furthermore, since a large bending force acts on the cross column 20 itself and the two columns that support it, a strong one that can withstand it was required. In other words, the cross column 20 is generally required to withstand the reaction force associated with machining and the weight of the head, but if the reaction force associated with cutting is small, such as a machine tool for woodworking, the cross column 20 is used as the head. Is a large percentage of the weight. Furthermore, as a recent trend, when it is strongly required to perform various types of machining with a single machine tool, how to reduce the weight of the head becomes a major issue.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

The present invention is configured as follows to achieve the above object. That is, the side bases 3 and 4 are arranged on both sides of the central base 2, the tables 6 and 7 are movably supported between them, and the columns 21 are provided near the ends of the cross columns 20 arranged along the side bases 3 and 4. While being supported by 21, a head support base 50 is provided on one side of the cross column 20 and a disc-shaped tool support base 70 is provided on the other side thereof, and a large number of replacement heads 60 are provided on the head support base 50. While supporting a large number of replacement tools 80 on the tool support base 70, a Y-axis moving base 22 is movably provided between the head support base 50 and the tool support base 70 on the cross column 20, and the Y-axis moving base 22 thereof is moved. A head connecting device (30) for detachably connecting the replacement head (60) to the moving table (22) and a plurality of heads (40 to 43) for detachably connecting the replacement tool (80) are provided.

[Action]

The Y-axis moving base 22 moves on the cross column 20 between the columns 21, 21 to move the central base 2 or the side bases 3 on both sides.
Processing is performed on the workpiece placed on No. 4. Therefore, the weight of the Y-axis moving table 22 is shared by the two columns 21 and 21 that support the vicinity of both ends of the cross column 20. The tools and heads supported by the Y-axis moving base 22 are separately supported at both ends of the cross column 20. Therefore, each strut
Since the weight of the Y-axis moving table 22 is added to one side of 21 and 21 and the weight of the head supporting table 50 or the tool supporting table 70 is added to the other side, each of the columns 21 and 21 is a "jijirohee". So that it receives loads on both sides.

【Example】

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of the present invention,
2 is a plan view thereof, FIG. 3 is a right side view thereof, FIG. 4 is a sectional front view of the table connecting portion, and FIG. 5 is V of FIG.
-V sectional view, FIG. 6 is a sectional side view of the head connecting device portion,
FIG. 7 is a sectional side view of the connector portion, FIG. 8 is a sectional view corresponding to VIII-VIII in FIG. 6, and FIG. 9 is a sectional side view of the tool coupling device portion. In FIGS. 1 to 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a multi-head type machine tool for hydraulic engineering, which is as follows. That is, 2 is a central base, and the side bases 3 and 4 are closely arranged on both sides of the central base 2 in the Y-axis direction, that is, on the left and right sides in FIG. A slide base 5 is slidably mounted on the central base 2 via an X-axis rail 2a extending in the X-axis direction (front-back direction in FIG. 1), and the slide base 5 is attached to the X-axis motor 2b. To move in the X-axis direction. Y on the upper surface of the slide base 5 and the side bases 3 and 4
Attach Y-axis rails 5a, 3a, 4a that extend in the axial direction
Two tables 6, 7 are slidably mounted on the shaft rails 5a, 3a, 4a. Each of the tables 6 and 7 is formed in a rectangular shape having substantially the same shape, and is formed in a plane area substantially corresponding to the slide table 5. Reference numerals 8 and 9 denote table moving devices that move the tables 6 and 7 in the Y-axis direction.
11 is arranged and fixed in the Y-axis direction, and its rods 10a, 11a are detachably connected to the side bases 3, 4. That is, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the engaging piece 12 having an annular groove 12a formed on the outer periphery of the end of the rod 10a, (11a) is fixed by a screw, and the facing surface of the table 6 (7) is fixed. On the side, a pair of engagement cylinders 13 and 13 are attached via a bracket 25 so as to face each other in the X-axis direction. Each engagement cylinder 13, 13 has its piston 13a, 13a
Springs 13b and 13b to oppose each other,
Install the rollers 13c, 13c mounted on the rod ends of a, 13a into the groove
Resiliently engage 12a. When the Y-axis cylinders 10 and 11 expand and contract, the grooves 12a of the engagement piece 12 are inserted into the rollers 13c and 13c on the engagement cylinder 13 and 13 side.
While being elastically engaged and disengaged with each other, the tables 6 and 7 are moved in the Y-axis direction and alternately switched and placed on the slide table 5, and the tables 6 and (7) separated from the slide table 5 are Place on one of the side bases 3, (4). In FIG. 4, reference numerals 14 and 15 denote hook-shaped engaging fittings attached to the opposite sides of the tables 6 and 7, which are engaged with each other in the vertical direction and cannot slide in the Y-axis direction but slide in the X-axis direction. Engagement is possible so that one of the Y-axis cylinders, for example, the table 10 on the left side, moves each table 6, 7 in the Y-axis direction (to the right).
The table 7 on the right side is prevented from running away to the right when the table 7 is pressed and moved. In the figure, 16 is a positioning mechanism for positioning the table 7 (6) placed on the slide table 5.
The positioning cylinder 17 is fixed to the upper side of the table 7 and the positioning plate 18 having the tapered positioning hole 18a formed on the lower surface of each table 7 (6) is fixed, and the rod 17a of the positioning cylinder 17 is moved upward. The table 7 (6) is immovably positioned on the slide table 5 by tapering the upper end thereof into the positioning hole 18a. As a result, the table 7 (6) mounted on the slide table 5 is moved in the X axis direction together with the slide table 5 by the X axis motor 2b during processing. Further, in FIG. 1, reference numeral 20 denotes a cross column extending in the Y-axis (horizontal) direction above the center base 2 and the side bases 3 and 4, and is erected at the rear of each side base 3 and 4. It hangs over the columns 21,21. A Y-axis motor 22a (table moving device) is attached to the cross column 20.
The Y-axis moving base 22 which is moved in the Y-axis (left-right) direction is slidably attached. A Z-axis silley 23 vertically moved by a Z-axis motor 23a is locked to the front part of the Y-axis moving base 22, and one head connecting device 30 and four heads 40 to 43 are attached to the Z-axis silley 23. Mount in parallel. These head connecting device 30 and each head 40-43
Are independently moved up and down by the lifting cylinders 31a, 40a to 43a. Of the heads 40 to 43, the right three heads 41 to 43 are always attached with tools of a type frequently used. Further, various types of replacement heads 60 and replacement tools 80 described below are appropriately selected and attached to the head coupling device 30 at the right end and the head 40 at the left end. The replacement head 60 is a head support base 50 connected to the right end of the cross column 20 and extending in the X-axis (front-back) direction.
And the replacement tool 80 is parallel to the cross column 20.
Is supported in parallel on the outer peripheral portion of the tool support base 70 which is suspended and supported at the left end of the tool support body 70 and which rotates about the axis in the Z-axis (vertical) direction. The head connecting device 30 described above is as follows. That is, the mounting base 31 which is vertically moved by the lifting cylinder 31a is locked to the right side surface of the Z-axis silley 23. This mount 31
As shown in FIG. 6, a pair of upper and lower relay X-axis rails 32 extending in the front-rear (X-axis) direction are formed on the right surface, and a bracket portion protruding rightward is formed on the upper end portion. The receiving port 33 and the female connector 34 are attached, and the pressure cylinder 35 is attached to the lower end portion. The receiving port 33 has its lower surface recessed in a cone shape, and the pressure cylinder 35 has its pressure rod 35a arranged coaxially with the receiving port 33 and has its upper end protruding in a cone shape. The female connector 34 is a socket for power supply, control signal, switch signal, etc., as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
34a are centrally arranged, and are vertically moved by the pushing cylinder 36. In FIG. 6, 37 is a limit switch group which is vertically arranged on the lower right surface of the mounting base 31, and is mounted on the mounting base 31.
This is for detecting the type of replacement head 60 that has arrived at the part. In the head 40 at the left end described above, the tool connecting device 46 is provided at the axial center of the spindle 45. This tool connecting device 46, as shown in FIG. 9, has a tapered hole for expanding the lower end of a hollow spindle 45 downward.
It is formed in 45a, and the chuck 47 is fitted and inserted above the tapered hole 45a. The chuck 47 is moved up and down by the cylinder rod 48, and a cam 47b protruding in the radial direction is formed at the lower end of the claw 47a divided in the circumferential direction.When the chuck 47 moves upward, the cam 47b moves in the axial direction by the small diameter hole of the spindle 45. The replacement tool 80 is pressed by and is clamped by the upper end of the replacement tool 80, and the replacement tool 80 is pulled upward. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the above-described head support base 50 has a rear head support base 51 and a front head support base 52, which are arranged to extend in the X-axis (front-rear) direction with a space 53 therebetween. The space 53 is a space in which the head base 61 of the replacement head 60 described later is loosely fitted. The rear head support 51 and the front head support 52 have an X-axis rail 51a similar to the relay X-axis rail 32 described above.
・ 52a is extended in the X-axis direction. Then, various kinds of replacement heads 60 are mounted on the rear head support base 51,
For example, vertical boring, horizontal router, circular saw, horizontal boring, corner only, V head replacement heads 60a-60f,
The head bases 61 having substantially the same structure are attached so as to be slidable in the X-axis direction. The head base 61 of each of the replacement heads 60a to 60f is engaged with the downward hooks 61a and the upward hooks 61b which are engaged in the vertical direction so as not to be separated in the X-axis (front-rear) direction and slidable in the Y-axis (left-right) direction. Then, the head moving device 55 moves the head supporting device 50 in the X-axis direction. In this head moving device 55, as shown in FIG. 3, a rack 56 is attached to a rear head support base 51 over the entire length, and a drive base 57 can be slid on the rear end (right part) of the rear head support base 51. The pinion 59 that engages with the rack 56 is attached to the motor 58 fixed to the drive base 57, and the head base 61 of the replacement head 60f at the rearmost portion is attached via the hooks 57a and 61a that engage the drive base 57 from above and below. Is engaged with. As shown in FIG. 6, the head base 61 has rollers 62 that can roll along the relay X-axis rail 32 of the mount 31 and the X-axis rails 51a and 52a of the head support 50 at the upper and lower portions of the left surface.
A cone-shaped engaging projection 63 that fits into the receiving port 33 and a male connector 65 that fits into the female connector 34 on the upper surface, and a cone-shaped engaging recess 64 that fits into the pressure rod 35a on the lower surface. Become. 66 is a dog for limit switch operation, which is mounted on the left side of the head base 61, and is set by changing the vertical position for each head base 61, and when any one of the limit switch groups 37 is reached when it reaches the mounting base 31. It is something that operates. In FIG. 6, 67 is a head turning cylinder for turning the vertical boring, the horizontal router, the circular saw, and the replacement heads 60a to 60d for the horizontal boring, for example, 90 degrees about the vertical axis. is there. The tool support base 70 described above is a motor 71 (tool base rotation device).
A tool holder consisting of a C-shaped clamp on the outer periphery of a disk-shaped rotary plate 72 that rotates around the vertical axis.
73 are mounted at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction, and various types of replacement tools 80 are detachably locked to these tool holders 73 from the outside in the radial direction. As shown in FIG. 9, each replacement tool 80 has an engaging portion 81 of the same structure provided on the upper portion thereof. The engaging portion 81 is configured such that a constricted portion 82 that engages with the tool holder 73, a tapered projection 83 that fits into the tapered hole 45a of the spindle 45, and a pull stud 84 that engages with the claw 47a of the chuck 47 are sequentially turned upward. Formed. Here, replace the head coupling device 30 and the head 40 with the head.
When attaching and detaching the 60 and the replacement tool 80, the Y-axis motor 22a of the Y-axis movable base 22, the head connecting device 30, and the head 4
The lifting cylinders 31a and 40a of 0, the head moving device 55, the motors 58 and 71 of the tool support base 70, and the like are driven and controlled by commands from an NC control device (not shown). Next, the operation mode of the above embodiment will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, first, the table 7 on the right side is placed on the slide base 5, and the table 6 on the left side is placed on the side base 3 on the left side. Set the processed material on top, and the table moving device 8 on the left side.
Is connected to the table 6 on the left side, that is, the roller 13c of the engagement cylinder 13 is engaged with the groove 12a on the Y-axis cylinder 10 side. Next, the table moving device 8, that is, the Y-axis cylinder 10
To move the tables 6 and 7 to the right to position the left table 6 on the slide table 5 and the right table 7 on the right side base 4. In this case, the table 7 on the right side is prevented from running away to the right by the engaging fittings 14 and 15. When the table 7 on the right side is moved to the side base 4 on the right side, the rollers 13c of the engaging cylinders 13 mounted on the side base 4 side cause the Y-axis cylinder 11 on the right side to move.
Engages with the side groove 12a. Next, the left Y-axis cylinder 10 is shortened to disengage the engagement piece 12 from the roller 13c, that is, the left table moving device 8 and the left table 6 are disconnected, and at the same time the positioning mechanism 16 is moved. The operation, that is, the positioning cylinder 17 is extended and the rod 17a is fitted into the positioning hole 18a, and the left table 6 is positioned and fixed to the slide base 5. In this state, the processing process starts. That is, by the NC controller,
The head to be machined is appropriately selected and moved from among the replacement head 60 and the heads 40 to 43 via the lifting cylinders 31a, 40a to 43a, and the X axis motor 2b, the Y axis motor 22a, the Z axis motor 23a, etc. Predetermined processing is performed by drive control. Further, the following processed material is set on the table 7 on the right side during the processing. After the machining of the workpiece on the left table 6 is completed, the right Y-axis cylinder 11 is extended to move the left table 6 to the left side base 3 and the right table 7. Is placed on the slide table 5, the table 7 is fixed to the slide table 5 by the positioning mechanism 16, and the machining process is started in the same manner as described above. On the other hand, the processed material that has been processed is removed from the table 6 that has arrived on the left side base 3. Next, the case where the replacement head 60 is connected to the Y-axis movable base 22 will be described. First, in the state where the Z-axis shire 23 is raised (origin position), the mounting base 31 is lowered by the lifting cylinder 31a and the relay X-axis rail 32 is moved to the X-axis rail 51a of the head support 50.
・ Set it at the same height as 52a, and then move the Y-axis moving base 22 to the right end in FIGS. 1 and 2 by the Y-axis motor 22a (base moving device) to head the relay X-axis rail 32 of the mounting base 31. It fits into the gap 53 of the support base 50. Next, the motor 58 of the head moving device 55 is rotated in a predetermined direction, and each replacement head 60 is passed through the pinion 59 and the drive base 57.
Is moved to the left in FIG. In this case, in each replacement head 60, when the relay X-axis rail 32 arrives, the dog 66 attached to the head base 61 activates one of the limit switch groups 37 on the attachment base 31 side. Thereby, a predetermined replacement head, for example, the leftmost replacement head 60a is selected. When the replacement head 60a is selected, the motor 58 is stopped, and then the pressurizing cylinder 35 is extended (moved upward) to move the pressurizing rod 35a into the engaging recess 64 and the engaging projection 63 into the receiving port 33.
And the replacement head 60a is locked to the mounting base 31. Then, the pushing cylinder 36 is extended to move the female connector 34 downward as shown in FIG.
Connect to the male connector 65 on the 61 side. Next, the Y-axis moving base 22 is moved to the left in FIGS. 1 and 2 by the Y-axis motor 22a to disengage the upward hook 61a and the downward hook 61b which are adjacent to each other.
The replacement head 60a is separated from the other replacement heads, so that the replacement head 60a is connected to the Y-axis movable base 22. Next, when the processing by the replacement head 60a is completed and the replacement head is replaced with another replacement head, for example, the replacement head 60b,
First, after lowering the mounting base 31 in the same manner as described above, the mounting base 31 is moved in the direction of the head supporting base 50 to fit the relay X-axis rail 32 of the mounting base 31 into the gap 53 of the head supporting base 50, and the adjacent heads. Base 61 Comrade's upward hook 61a and downward hook 6
Engage with 1b. As a result, the roller 62 becomes the X-axis rail 51.
You will face a52a. Next, the pushing cylinder 36 is shortened to separate the female connector 34 from the female connector 65, and then the pressure cylinder 35
The pressure rod 35a and the receiving port 33 are disengaged from the engaging projection 63 and the engaging concave portion 64 of the head base 61 by shortening. Then, the motor 58 is again rotated in the predetermined direction, and the desired replacement head 60b is selected in the same manner as described above. In this case, the returned replacement head 60a is supported by the head support base 50 (front support base 52) together with the other replacement heads. Next, a case where the replacement tool 80 is connected to the head 40 will be described. First, the Y-axis moving table 22 is moved to the left end in FIGS. 1 and 2 by the Y-axis motor 22a, and the tool connecting device 46 of the head 40 is positioned above the tool supporting table 70. Next, the rotary plate 72 is rotated by the motor 71 to position the predetermined replacement tool 80 directly below the head 40, and then the head 40 is lowered by the Z-axis motor 23a, and the head is placed in the taper hole 45a of the spindle 45 and the chuck 47. , The engaging portion 8 of the replacement tool 80
1, that is, the taper protrusion 83 and the pull stud 84 are fitted together. Then, the cylinder rod 48 is moved upward. Then, the claw 47a of the chuck 47 holds the pull stud 84 and pulls the pull stud 84 upward, and the taper projection 83 of the replacement tool 80 is press-fitted into the taper hole 45a. Next, when the Y-axis moving base 22 is moved to the right in FIGS. 1 and 2 by the Y-axis motor 22a, the constricted portion 82 of the replacement tool 80 is separated from the tool holder 73, whereby the replacement tool 80 is moved. It will be connected to the head 40. Further, when machining with the replacement tool 80 is completed and the replacement tool 80 is to be replaced with another replacement tool 80, the head 40 is moved to the left again, and the constricted portion 82 is fitted into the tool holder 73, and then the cylinder rod. The claw 47a of the chuck 47 is disengaged from the pull stud 48 by lowering 48. Next, the head 40 is raised and the tool connecting device 46 is replaced with a tool.
The engaging portion 81 of 80 is disengaged. Then, the rotating plate 72 is rotated by the motor 71 to move the next replacement tool (80) to the above head.
The replacement tool (80) is attached to the head 40 by locating the replacement tool (80) immediately below 40 and performing the same operation as described above.

【The invention's effect】

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, replacement heads or replacement tools of the kind required in advance are collectively arranged on the outside of the cross column, and these are appropriately selected to perform Y-axis movement supported by the cross column. Since it is mounted on a stand, the cross column and Y-axis moving stand 22 can be made compact with one machine tool, and the weights of them work on the stand in a well-balanced manner, so the strength of the stand is kept high. There is an effect that can be.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof, FIG. 3 is a right side view thereof, FIG. 4 is a sectional front view of a table connecting portion thereof, and FIG. 6 is a sectional side view of the head connecting device portion, FIG. 7 is a sectional side view of the connector portion thereof, and FIG. 8 is a sectional view corresponding to VIII-VIII of FIG. FIG. 9 is a sectional side view of the tool coupling device section. 1: Machine tool, 2: Central base, 2a: X-axis rail, 2b: X-axis motor, 3,4: Side base, 3a, 4a: Y-axis rail, 5: Slide base, 5
a: Y-axis rail, 6,7: Table, 8,9: Table moving device, 1
0,11: Y-axis cylinder, 10a, 11a: Rod, 12: Engagement piece, 12a:
Groove, 13: Engagement cylinder, 13a: Piston, 13b: Spring, 13c:
Rollers, 14, 15: Engagement fittings, 16: Positioning mechanism, 17: Positioning cylinder, 17a: Rod, 18: Positioning plate, 18a: Positioning hole, 20: Cross column, 21: Strut, 22: Y-axis moving base, 22: Y
Axis silley, 22a: Y-axis motor (base moving device), 23: Z-axis silley, 23a: Z-axis motor. 30: Head connecting device, 31: Mounting base, 31a: Lifting cylinder,
32: relay X-axis rail, 33: receptacle, 34: female connector, 34a:
Socket, 34b: Air connection port, 35: Pressure cylinder, 35a: Pressure rod, 36: Push-in cylinder, 37: Limit switch group. 40 to 43: Head, 40a to 43a: Lifting cylinder, 45: Spindle, 45a: Tapered hole, 46: Tool connecting device, 47: Chuck, 47
a: claw, 47b: cam, 48: cylinder rod. 50: Head support base, 51: Rear head support base, 52: Front head support base, 53: Gap. 55: Head moving device, 56: Rack, 5
7: drive base, 57a: hook, 58: motor, 59: pinion. 60 (60a-60f): Replacement head, 61: Head base, 61a:
Downward hook, 61b: Upward hook, 62: Roller, 63: Engagement protrusion, 64: Engagement recess, 65: Male connector, 66: Dog, 67: Head swing cylinder. 70: Tool support base, 71: Motor (tool base rotation device), 72: Rotating plate, 73: Tool holder. 80: replacement tool, 81: engaging part, 82: constricted part, 83: taper protrusion,
84: Pull stud.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Side bases 3, 4 on both sides of a central base 2.
Are arranged, and the tables 6 and 7 are supported so as to be movable between them, and the vicinity of the ends of the cross column 20 arranged along them is supported by the columns 21 and 21, and one side of the cross column 20. A head support base 50 on one side and a disc-shaped tool support base 70 on the other side are provided, a large number of replacement heads 60 on the head support base 50, and a large number of replacement tools 80 on the tool support base 70, respectively. The Y-axis moving table 22 is movably provided on the cross column 20 between the head supporting table 50 and the tool supporting table 70, and the head 60 is detachably connected to the Y-axis moving table 22. A machine tool head, tool, and table changing device including a head connecting device (30) and a plurality of heads (40 to 43) for detachably connecting a replacement tool (80).