JPH0693822B2 - Additives for crustacean aquaculture feed - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to crustaceans having an ascorbic acid activity against cultured crustaceans, and particularly containing an ascorbic acid derivative which is stable in the production process or in the feed over time. Provided are an additive for aquaculture feed and a shellfish aquaculture feed to which the additive is added.

2. Description of the Related Art L-Ascorbic acid is one of the nutritionally important nutrients, and many biological feeds are added with its simple substance or its salts or derivatives. In many cultured crustaceans, deficiency or lack of ascorbic acid causes serious damage such as scurvy and death. Among them, prawns, bull shrimp, tiger shrimp, crab, lobster, Taisho shrimp, western white shrimp, Penaus melgiensis,
Penaus indicus, Metapenaus ensis, Penaus stilirostris, red shrimp, box shrimp, lobster, red shrimp, king prawn, cherry shrimp, shrimp, prawn, crawfish, lobster, snow crab, king crab, blue crab, mud crab, Shanghai crab, hermit crab. It is said that the aquatic crustaceans that have been cultivated such as have a higher demand for ascorbic acid than natural crustaceans due to stress during breeding, and the presence of ascorbic acid in the feed is essential.

However, L-ascorbic acid is easily oxidatively decomposed, and even if it is added to feed, it is quickly deactivated and its effect cannot be sustained. In particular, in the production of feed for aquatic crustaceans, heating type granulators such as pellet mills and extruders, which can process raw materials at high temperatures, are used to prevent the dissolution of feed in water. Will be decomposed. In commercial feed, a large amount of L-ascorbic acid or calcium L-ascorbate is added before pellet granulation, but L-ascorbic acid or its calcium salt is very unstable, especially in the pellet granulation process and the like. Decomposed by the heat of time.

In addition, L-ascorbic acid is unstable in the fish meal contained as a protein source in the feed, and is easily oxidized by metals such as copper and iron in the feed.
~ 80% or more will be decomposed during granulation. This decomposition rate varies depending on the raw material components and the production lot, making it difficult to guarantee the L-ascorbic acid content in the feed.

Therefore, development of a technique for stably blending L-ascorbic acid has been demanded, and some stabilization techniques have been proposed in the past.

The most common technique is a technique of coating inexpensive ascorbic acid and mixing it with feed. For example, it is described in JP-A-52-15812 and JP-A-53-127819. Even in these coating techniques, L-ascorbic acid is easily oxidized and decomposed due to insufficient stability.

Further, a method of adding a stabilized derivative of L-ascorbic acid to feed has been devised in the field of feed for silkworms. For example, JP-A-49-24783 discloses ascorbic acid-2-benzoate, ascorbic acid-2.6-dipalmitate, ascorbic acid-3-palmitate, ascorbic acid-3-stearate, ascorbic acid-3.6-distearate,
Ascorbic acid-2-phosphate and the like are added to artificial feed for silkworms. Of these, ascorbic acid-3-
Palmitate, ascorbic acid-3-stearate, ascorbic acid-3.6-distearate, and ascorbic acid-2-phosphate are substances that cannot have sufficient physicochemical stability, but pellets are used under the conditions for producing silkworm feed. Since a heat molding machine such as a mill or an extruder is not used, there is no heating and drying process, and nutritional components including ascorbic acid are generally processed at a slower temperature than that of crustacean feeds, the problem of stability is silkworm. Although it is not forage, there is a problem that most of these ascorbic acids are pyrolyzed in the manufacturing process of aquatic crustacean feed by a high temperature heat molding machine that is processed at 100 ° C or higher to maintain water resistance. . Due to the habit of silkworms, artificial feed for silkworms has a problem that unless the water content is kept above 70%, the silkworms fall into a water-deficient state, and the feed is usually solidified with agar to maintain a high water content. Therefore, in water, the water-soluble nutrients in the feed rapidly elute, and the shape-retaining property required for the feed for aquatic crustaceans cannot be sufficiently maintained. Is not applicable.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention A problem to be solved by the present invention is that ascorbic acid derivatives can be stably maintained without being decomposed even in the production process of feed for fisheries crustaceans using a heating molding machine or the like, and long-term An object of the present invention is to provide an additive for feed of aquatic crustaceans and a feed for aquatic crustaceans, which is stable even for preservation of the feed over a long period of time and can sufficiently exhibit ascorbic acid activity for a wide range of aquatic crustaceans.

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have been able to sufficiently express ascorbic acid activity against a wide range of cultured crustaceans without being decomposed even in the production process of aquatic crustacean feed accompanied by molding and drying processes. As a result of searching for and investigating an ascorbic acid derivative to be obtained, it is possible to dramatically improve the stability by using a salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate as the L-ascorbic acid derivative, and a wide range of cultured crustaceans. In the present invention, they found that ascorbic acid activity was sufficiently exhibited, and completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention provides: 1) an additive for a shellfish aquaculture feed having ascorbic acid activity, characterized by containing salts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate ester as an active ingredient; , Blue shrimp, Giant shrimp, Clam, Lobster, Taisho shrimp, Western white shrimp, Penaus melguiensis, Penaus indicus, Metapenaus ensis, Penaus stiliros tris, Red shrimp, Jacob shrimp, Pterus prawn, Red shrimp, King prawn, Sakura shrimp , Shrimp, prone, crawfish,
Lobster, snow crab, king crab, blue crab, mud crab, Shanghai crab, hermit crab, additive for crustacean culture feed of the above 1), and 3) salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate ester as an active ingredient It relates to a crustacean aquaculture feed having ascorbic acid activity, which is characterized by being added to a feed containing 50% or more of.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. L-ascorbic acid used in the additive for aquatic shellfish aquaculture feed of the present invention-
The salt of 2-phosphate ester may be a metal salt selected from one or two or more metals selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, and examples thereof include L
-Magnesium ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, sodium L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, potassium L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, calcium L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate There are aluminum and the like, but the material is not particularly limited to this.

The additive for aquatic crustacean aquaculture feed of the present invention, the aquatic crustacean aquaculture feed obtained by adding the additive is a known type of aquaculture for aquaculture that is prepared for the purpose of administering or reinforcing nutrients or useful chemicals. The dosage form of can be taken.

The aquatic crustacean to which the additive for aquatic crustacean feed of the present invention is administered has a physiological function of converting salts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate ester into L-ascorbic acid and expressing ascorbic acid activity. Any fish and shellfish. For example, prawns or penaus japonicas, bull shrimp or penaus monodon, teraga shrimp, crab, spiny lobster, Taisho shrimp or Chinese white shrimp or penaus chinaensis, western white shrimp or banana shrimp or penaus vanamei, penaus melgiensis, penaus indy Kas, Meta Penaus ensis, Penaus tiliros tris, Red shrimp,
These include shrimp, millet, red shrimp, king prawn, king prawn, shrimp, prawn, crayfish, lobster, snow crab, king crab, blue crab, mud crab, Shanghai crab, hermit crab, prawn, shrimp, regular shrimp, lobster, lobster, lobster. Western White Shrimp, Penaus Melguiensis, Penaus Indicus, Meta Penaus Ensis, Penaus Stillirostris, Red shrimp, Box shrimp, Pterus prawn, Red shrimp, Krill, Ami, King crab shrimp, Shark shrimp, Prawn, Crawfish, Lobster , Snow crab, king crab, blue crab, mud crab, Shanghai crab, and hermit crab are suitable.

A heat molding machine can be used in the production process of the aquatic shellfish aquaculture feed obtained by adding the additive for aquatic shellfish aquaculture feed of the present invention.

The feed additive of the present invention can be used by adding it to a feed composition which is usually used. The salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate as an active ingredient can be added to a feed containing 50% or more of protein sources such as fish meal to prepare a feed, and the ascorbic acid activity in the feed can be maintained for a long period of time. Can last.

The amount of the salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate ester of the additive for aquatic crustacean feed of the present invention is, for example, L-
If you add 0.003 mmol or more of ascorbic acid-2-magnesium magnesium phosphate per 1 kg of artificial feed for prawns,
High mortality due to L-ascorbic acid deficiency can be prevented, and mortality decreases even if 0.0015 mmol or more per 1 kg of feed is added to natural feed derived from shellfish, crustaceans, fish, plant feed, etc. Good results can be demonstrated.

Therefore, in the present invention, the amount of the salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate ester to be used and the amount to be added depend on the type of the target crustacean, the purpose of use, the feed ingredients to be added and mixed, the composition and other factors. Although different, it is difficult to specify in a general sense, but generally 0.001 mmol or more per kg of feed can achieve the corresponding purpose. However, this is just a guideline, and it goes without saying that the amount may be appropriately increased or decreased depending on the above factors, and that the effect is naturally limited even if it is used in an excessively large amount.

Examples and Comparative Examples Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples and comparative examples.

Example 1 To 1 kg of the basic component shown in Table 1, 0.1 mmol of L-ascorbic acid and 0.1 mmol of L-ascorbic acid-2-magnesium phosphate, which is the compound of the present invention, were added and pulverized and mixed. The humidity was adjusted so that the water content was 45%. This was extruded into pellets having a diameter of 2.5 mm and a length of 15 mm by an extrusion granulator, cut, and then dried with a drier to a water content of about 10% to prepare a feed for prawns. An additive-free feed was also prepared together with these both-added feeds. After preparation, L-
In the ascorbic acid addition group, L-ascorbic acid in the feed was used, and in the L-ascorbic acid-2-magnesium phosphate addition group (the compound of the present invention addition group), L-ascorbic acid-2 was added.
-Magnesium phosphate was quantified for each and the residual rate converted to 1 kg of raw material is shown in Table 2. It was confirmed that the compound in the present invention was very stable.

A prawn breeding test was carried out using the above feed. 50 fish are stored in 3 100l water tanks, and the water temperature is 28-30.
Hold at ℃. The diet was fed once a day in the evening for 12 weeks, and the body weight and the number of surviving prawns were examined over time.

The results of breeding are shown in Table 3. Although the average body weight of the prawns was not significantly different in each section, the survival number was significantly different, and the L-ascorbic acid-2-magnesium phosphate-added group in the compound of the present invention was compared with the other two test groups. The number of surviving fish was large and the mortality rate was significantly reduced.

However, 0.5 g of K ₂ HPO ₄ and Ca ₃ (P
O ₄ ) ₂ 0.75 g and calcium lactate 3.75 g are included. 3g of vitamin mixture, 6mg of thiamine chloride, 20m of riboflavin
g, pyridoxine hydrochloride 6 mg, nicotinic acid 80 mg, calcium pantothenate 30 mg, inositol 400 mg, biotin 0.6 m
g, folic acid 1.5 mg, para-aminobenzoic acid 40 mg, chlorin chloride 800 mg, vitamin E 40 mg, memadion 4 mg, β-carotene 0.6 mg, cyanocobalamin 0.04 mg, cellulose 1567.
Contains 26 mg.

Example 2 To 1 kg of the basic component shown in Table 4, 0.1 mmol of L-ascorbic acid and 0.1 mmol of calcium L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, which is the compound of the present invention, were added and pulverized. The sheet was granulated, and the granules were crushed with a crumbler to prepare a 2.5 mm-sized frumbled feed for cattle shrimp. A non-additive feed was prepared in the same manner as the feeds of both addition groups.

Using this feed, a bull shrimp breeding test was conducted. Average weight
50 g of 10 g of prawns are stored in three 500 l water tanks,
The water temperature was maintained at 25-27 ° C. Feed 1 for 4 weeks
Feeding was performed once a day in the evening, and the average weight and the number of surviving fish in each test section were investigated at the start and end of the test, and the results are shown in Table 5. In the test group to which the L-ascorbic acid-2-calcium phosphate in the compound of the present invention was added (the compound of the present invention added group), the number of surviving fish was remarkably higher and the chewing rate was lower than in the other two test groups.

However, the compositions of the mineral mixture and the vitamin mixture are the same as in Example 1.

Example 3 Fish meal 20%, shrimp meal 20%, squid meal 20%, kaimir 20%, wheat gluten 12.5%, cod liver oil 1.5%, beta carotene 0.1%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, sodium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, vitamin Vitamin mixture 3.0% excluding C, ethoxyquin 0.02%, L-ascorbic acid-2-magnesium phosphate 0.01% and wheat gluten were added to the residue to 100%, and this raw material was crushed and thoroughly mixed with a mixer to make it into a California. Pellet mill manufactured by Pellet Mill Co., Ltd. was used to heat-mold pellets having an average particle diameter of 5 mm by a conventional method and blow-dry at 120 ° C. Next, this feed was crushed and used as a feed for juvenile shrimp. This feed has good stability in water, and its water content was determined by the Karl Fischer method to be 13%.
Met. L- by high performance liquid chromatogram method (HPLC method)
When ascorbic acid-2-magnesium phosphate was measured, 96% of the added amount remained.

Example 4 20% fish meal, 20% shrimp meal, 20% squid meal kaimeal
20%, wheat gluten 12.5%, cod liver oil 1.5%, beta carotene 0.1%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, sodium hydrogen phosphate 1.5%, vitamin mixture 3.0% excluding vitamin C, ethoxyquin 0.02%, L-ascorbine Acid-
2-Magnesium phosphate 0.05% and wheat gluten were added to the residue to 100%, and this raw material was crushed and thoroughly mixed with a mixer, and then cooked with a Wenger extruder pellet mill to adjust the moisture content of the cooker to 30%. Then extrusion molded. This molded product was blown and dried at a temperature of 110 to 160 ° C. by a two-stage band dryer to prepare shrimp feed. The stability of this feed in water was good, and the water content determined by the Karl Fischer method was 8%. When L-ascorbic acid-2-magnesium phosphate was measured by a high performance liquid chromatogram method (HPLC method), 96% of the added both remained.

Comparative Test Example 1 The residual ratio of L-ascorbic acid derivatives in the feed immediately after the ascorbic acid derivatives shown in Table 6 were produced in the same concentration and the same composition as in Example 4 by the same production method was measured. . Next, let it stand at room temperature for 2 weeks, and
-The residual rate of ascorbic acid derivatives was measured, and this feed was administered to prawns with an average body weight of 43.2 g and a feeding test was conducted for 100 days.At the end of the test, the survival rate of prawns and ascorbic acid in the midgut glands were The concentration was measured, and the effectiveness of the feed supplemented with ascorbic acid derivatives on the tiger prawn was examined as a comprehensive evaluation.

Comparative Test Example 2 In order to confirm the enzymatic conversion activity of the salts of the L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate ester of the present invention into ascorbic acid for aquatic crustaceans, the aquatic crustaceans of Tables 7 and 8 are described below. An experiment was conducted to confirm the existence of activity.

The midgut glands of the aquatic crustacean were removed in a fresh state, the weight of the organ was measured, 50 times cold water was added, and the mixture was homogenized under cold temperature and the supernatant was taken as an enzyme solution.

Next, pH 5.0 containing 0.05% by weight of L-ascorbic acids, p
Place a sample bottle containing 8 ml of H7.0 and pH 9.0 buffer solution.
The temperature was kept at 35 ° C., 2 ml of the enzyme solution was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand in a water bath at 35 ° C. for 1 hour. Then, the enzyme solutions reacted at different pHs were mixed at 1: 1: 1 to stop the enzyme reaction. Immediately after thawing, add 2% metaphosphoric acid solution to make 50 ml, dilute it further 50 times with 2% metaphosphoric acid, and analyze 20 μl of it by HPLC to determine the concentration of the remaining L-ascorbic acid ester before reaction. The hydrolysis rate with respect to the concentration of was determined. As a result, those with a high hydrolysis activity of 50% or more are shown in Tables 7 and 8.
And 50% or less were marked with x. As a result, all the salts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate ester were confirmed to have a high hydrolysis activity of 50% or more with respect to the enzyme solutions of all the tested fish.

Effect of the Invention The additive for aquatic crustacean aquaculture feed and the aquatic crustacean aquaculture feed of the present invention are stable to the production process and their long-term storage, and exhibit ascorbic acid activity in a wide range of aquatic crustaceans. be able to. Then, by using the additive for aquatic crustacean aquaculture feed of the present invention and the aquatic crustacean aquaculture feed obtained by adding the additive, it is possible to improve the growth rate of aquatic crustaceans, reduce the mortality rate, and improve the quality. Become.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. L-ascorbic acid-2-as an active ingredient
A crustacean aquaculture feed additive having ascorbic acid activity, characterized by containing a salt of a phosphoric acid ester. 2. The crustaceans include prawns, bull prawns, lobsters, crabs, spiny lobsters, Taisho shrimp, Western white shrimp, Penaus melgiensis, Penaus indicus, Metapenaus ensis, Penaus thyrirostris, red shrimp, Additives for crustacean aquaculture feed according to claim 1), which are the shrimp, prickly pear, shrimp, king prawn, king prawn, shrimp, prawn, crayfish, lobster, snow crab, king crab, blue crab, mud crab, Shanghai crab, and hermit crab. 3. L-ascorbic acid-2-as an active ingredient
A crustacean aquaculture feed having ascorbic acid activity, which is obtained by adding a salt of a phosphate ester to a feed containing 50% or more of a protein source.