JPH0694558B2 - Crude vegetable oil production method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Field of Industrial Application The present invention is characterized by subjecting plant seeds to a specific heat treatment,
It relates to a method for producing a crude oil rich in certain active ingredients.

The invention also relates to a process for obtaining crude oil which can greatly simplify the subsequent refining steps.

(B) Conventional Technology As methods for collecting vegetable oil from plant seeds such as rapeseed, a) compression method, b) solvent extraction method, and c) pressure extraction method which is a combination of both are known.

Among these, the pressing method (a) was carried out by removing impurities from the raw material seeds, then crushing and pressing and then performing heat treatment (indirect heating) for the purpose of heating, drying, sterilization, and cell destruction by heat stress. It is one of the oldest that collects oils and fats using mechanical force such as after-screw press and filter press.

The solvent extraction method in (b) is an extraction method that uses the dissolving power of normal hexane and other oils and fats. To extract the oil and fat. The solvent (miscella) containing fats and oils is separated from the fats and oils by a distillation operation and circulated and used in the extractor. Since it has a high oil collection rate, it is suitable for oil extraction from soybeans, corn, rice bran, etc. having a low oil and fat content, and is particularly famous as a method for producing soybean oil.

The extraction method of c) is a combination of the characteristics of the above-mentioned compression method and extraction method. First, most oils and fats in the raw material are collected by the compression method, and then solvent extraction is performed from the raw material with low oil content. This is a method of collecting the remaining oils and fats by the method. Since this method is the most economical, it is widely used for the production of many vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil and flaxseed oil.

The crude oil obtained by the above method contains ingredients called gums such as phospholipids, and as it is not a product as it is, add a few percent of water and mix and stir to hydrate the water-soluble phospholipids in the crude oil. As a result, a difference in specific gravity occurs, and the gum can be separated by centrifugation (degumming step).

The separated gum (slag) is a raw material for phospholipids.

(C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention This phospholipid contains PC (phosphatidylcholine), PE (phosphatidylethanolamine), PI (phosphatidylinositol), PA (phosphatidic acid), etc. . Of these, PC is a major constituent of animal and plant cells, and is a substance that is considered important from the viewpoint of various physiological actions. Therefore, it is extremely useful if phospholipids with a high PC content can be obtained. .

However, the PC content of the phospholipid recovered from the crude oil obtained by the conventional method as described above is around 25%, which is not necessarily large.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a crude oil containing phospholipids containing more PC than the conventional method.

In general, when refining crude oil, an inorganic acid such as phosphoric acid or citric acid or an organic acid is added in order to enhance the degumming effect in the degumming step. Further, subsequently, an alkali such as an aqueous solution of caustic soda is added for deoxidation, and then an adsorbent such as activated clay is added for decolorization. Finally, deodorization is performed by steam distillation to obtain refined fats and oils.

In this way, the conventional purification method is complicated and uses various chemicals,
Repeated washing and drying are essential to remove soap and alkali in oil.

Another object of the present invention is to apply a refining method that simplifies the conventional refining method as described above to reduce the number of steps and improves the steps and reduces the cost, such as reducing the amount of chemicals used. To provide such crude oil.

(D) Means for Solving the Problems As a result of earnest research, the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by subjecting a raw material plant seed or a pulverized product of the raw material plant seed to a specific heat treatment. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.

That is, the present invention, by blowing live steam directly to the plant seeds or crushed plant seeds, the temperature of the seeds is raised to 80 ℃ or more within 30 minutes, and held at 98 ℃ or less for 30 seconds or more, and then dried. Then, the method is a process for producing a crude plant oil containing a phospholipid with a high PC content and a low PA content, which is characterized by obtaining a crude plant oil by extraction treatment with industrial hexane at 60 ° C.

The method of the present invention can be applied to any plant seeds used as a raw material for fats and oils, but rapeseed, safflower, sunflower, cottonseed, flaxseed and the like are particularly preferable.

The heat treatment of the present invention, plant seeds or a crushed product thereof, for example, enclosed in a container such as a heating tower, a method of directly sparging live steam from the bottom, a screw extruder equipped with a function of directly blowing live steam to heat It is done by the method of charging. The temperature and time conditions at this time are as described above, but more preferably, the temperature of the seeds or crushed seeds is raised to 95 ° C. or higher within 5 minutes and kept at 98 ° C. or lower for 5 minutes or longer.

In this way, the object of the present invention is achieved only by directly injecting live steam, and raising the temperature in a short time and holding it for a certain period of time. A heating means that does not pay special attention to time is not effective.

The heat treatment of the present invention may be applied to the plant seeds, and the heat treatment of the present invention may be applied again to the pressed cake obtained from this raw material, and the effects of the present invention are also exhibited in this case.

(E) Effects of the Invention In the conventional method, the PC content of the phospholipid composition in the obtained crude oil was about 25%, but according to the present invention, it is significantly increased to 40% or more. Therefore, the phospholipid recovered from the crude oil according to the present invention is valuable and extremely useful as compared with the conventional phospholipid.

On the other hand, the phospholipid obtained by the conventional method had a PA content of about 30%, but in the present invention, it is reduced to 10% or less. However, since PA is non-hydratable and PC is hydratable, the crude oil according to the present invention effectively achieves the removal of phospholipids (gumminess) by simply adding water, and You can get very little crude oil.

For example, in the case of rapeseed oil, the phospholipid content in crude oil obtained by degumming water by adding water to crude oil is conventionally around 1.5%, but according to the present invention, it is 0.05% or less. In the case of soybean oil, it is about 0.5% in the past, but according to the present invention, it is 0.05% or less. Therefore, there is a merit that the degumming process and the deoxidizing process which have been conventionally performed are not necessarily required. Therefore, chemical costs are almost eliminated, and mechanical equipment such as a centrifuge and processes are simplified. That is, the steam refining method (SR method) can be applied to crude oil as it is, and free fatty acids, pigments, odorous components, etc. can be effectively removed at the same time to obtain a high-quality refined oil.

In addition, as described above, in the case of rapeseed oil, safflower oil, and the like, which have a large amount of oil content in the raw material seed, conventionally, a two-step process of first collecting oil and fat by the pressing method and then performing solvent extraction Was necessary, and it was difficult to perform solvent extraction directly. However, there is an advantage that the solvent extraction can be directly performed by using the raw material treated by the method of the present invention.

Further, in the conventional degumming and deoxidizing processes, a large amount of oil slag mainly composed of gum and fatty acid soap is by-produced, and the acid decomposition treatment is performed. However, during this acid decomposition, wastewater treatment is often difficult due to the emulsifying action of high-concentration phospholipids, and the pollution load becomes extremely high. According to the present invention, since the amount of phospholipids in crude oil is small, the generation of oil dregs is reduced, and wastewater treatment is facilitated.

(F) Example Example 1 A rapeseed raw material was roughly crushed to the extent that no round particles remained, and this was heated to 98 ° C by a stack cooker (vertical steam heater). At this time, the amount of steam injected was adjusted so that the raw material temperature was 95 ° C. or higher within 5 minutes, and heating was performed for 10 minutes in total. afterwards,
The raw material was dried by aeration with hot air and pressed with a screw press to obtain pressed oil and a cake. The pressed cake was put in an extraction pot and extracted with industrial hexane. Extraction was carried out at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 25 minutes for one batch, for a total of 3 batches for 75 minutes. The obtained extracted miscella was distilled to obtain an extracted oil having a phospholipid content of 1.8% (PC content in the phospholipid was 41.4%). Water was added to this rapeseed crude oil in an amount of 3% and hydrated and degummed to obtain a rapeseed-extracted crude oil and an oil dreg having a PC content of 43.4% in phospholipids.

Comparative Example 1 The rapeseed raw material of Example 1 was subjected to a conventional method, that is, coarsely crushed to the extent that no round particles remained, and further crushed, pressed, and indirectly heated (90-
After heat treatment for the purpose of cell destruction at 110 ° C.), the product was pressed with a screw press to obtain a pressed oil and a pressed cake. The pressed cake is extracted with industrial hexane at a temperature of 60 ° C by the solvent extraction method, and the extracted miscella is distilled to obtain an extracted oil with a phospholipid content of 1.7% (PC content in the phospholipid is 26.4%). It was Water was added to this rapeseed crude oil in an amount of 3% and hydrated and degummed to obtain a rapeseed-extracted crude oil and an oil dreg having a PC content of 27.3% in phospholipids.

The phospholipid composition of the rapeseed crude oil obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 described above is shown in Table 1.

Example 2 Rapeseed raw material was roughly crushed to such an extent that no round particles remained, and this was expanded (EXPANDER) (trade name of TECNAL of Brazil).
The temperature was adjusted to 95 ° C. within 5 minutes, and the amount of steam was adjusted, and the mixture was heated at the same temperature for 4 minutes. This device is a screw extruder having a function of directly blowing and heating live steam. Then dry the raw material molded into pellets,
Compressed oil and extracted miscella were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, and the extracted miscella was distilled to obtain a phospholipid content of 1.7% (PC in phospholipid.
An extracted oil having a content of 42.5%) was obtained. To this crude oil of rapeseed, 2% of acid clay was added, and the mixture was heated under vacuum at 105 ° C ± 5 ° C for 20 minutes for decolorization, and the clay was filtered off. Decolorized oil under vacuum (1-3m
260 ℃ while blowing 3-5% (vs oil) of steam at mHg)
It was deodorized by heating for 90 minutes.

Although the refined oil obtained did not undergo degumming and deoxidation with an alkali, it had a quality comparable to the refined product obtained by the conventional method.

Example 3 Rapeseed raw material was roughly crushed to the extent that no round particles remained, and this was put into the same expander as in Example 2 and the amount of steam blown was adjusted to 98 ° C. within 10 minutes and heated at the same temperature for 3 minutes. did.
Then the raw material is dried and the whole quantity is made with industrial hexane.
When the extraction was tried at 60 ° C, the extraction operation was performed smoothly. The obtained extracted miscella was distilled to obtain a phospholipid content of 1.
Extracted oil was obtained with 9% (PC content in phospholipids 40.8%).

Example 4 The soybean raw material was dehulled and pressed, and then introduced into the same expander as in Example 2, the steam blowing amount was adjusted to 95 ° C. within 5 minutes, and the mixture was heated at the same temperature for 3 minutes. The raw material was then dried and the whole was extracted with industrial hexane at 60 ° C. The extracted miscella thus obtained was distilled to obtain an extracted oil having a phospholipid content of 0.5% (PC content in the phospholipid was 43.5%).

Comparative Example 2 A conventional refining method was applied to the extracted oil obtained in Example 1.
That is, 0.05% phosphoric acid was added and after stirring, 120% of 16 ° Be caustic soda was added to the acid value of the oil, and the mixture was stirred at 85 to 90 ° C. Then, centrifuge to separate the soap content, and
Be caustic soda was added to the oil at 1% and stirred at 85-90 ° C,
It was centrifuged and the soap content was separated. The oil was washed with water and dried. 1% of clay was added, and the mixture was heated under vacuum at 105 ° C. for 20 minutes for decolorization, and the clay was filtered off. Decolorized oil under vacuum (1-
260% while injecting 3-5% (vs oil) of steam at 3 mmHg)
Deodorization was performed by heating at ℃ for 90 minutes.

The quality of the obtained refined oil was not so different from that of Example 2 in spite of going through many steps as described above.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A method in which live steam is directly blown into plant seeds or crushed plant seeds to raise the temperature of the seeds to 80 ° C. or higher within 30 minutes, and the temperature is kept at 98 ° C. or lower for 30 seconds or more, and then dried. ,
Process for producing crude plant oil containing phospholipids with high phosphatidylcholine content and low phosphatidic acid content, characterized by obtaining crude plant oil by extraction treatment with industrial hexane at 60 ° C . 2. A method in which live steam is directly blown into plant seeds or ground plant seeds to raise the temperature of the seeds to 95 ° C. or higher within 5 minutes, and the temperature is kept at 98 ° C. or lower for 5 minutes or longer. The production method described in 1). 3. A screw extruder having a function of directly blowing live steam as a device for directly blowing live steam into plant seeds or crushed plant seeds, and using a screw extruder as set forth in claim (1). Manufacturing method.