JPH0695865B2 - Method for forming a water stop layer at the bottom of a field and a two-stage water stop layer forming machine therefor - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a civil engineering method for farmland construction and a civil engineering machine used for carrying out the method, and particularly in soil with high water leakage, such as rice and wheat. Precise control of soil moisture on the bottom of the effective soil layer about 1 m deep where the roots of crops are active, to prevent water leakage, while also preventing the rise of groundwater and spring water from below The present invention relates to a field infrastructure maintenance method for facilitating farming and a civil engineering machine used therefor.

(Prior art) In a normal paddy field in a dry state, the farmer floods water every time he / she needs it, plowing and pruning in the surface soil layer (thickness 15 cm ± 5 cm or so), and soil in several cm Disperse the particles,
The pores in the plow bed layer are blocked to cause a viscous phenomenon and flooding is performed. Therefore, the higher the water permeability of the paddy field, the greater the number of times of scraping work. And this has already been disseminated nationwide as a traditional paddy farming technique for about 1,000 years.

There is also a flooding method called floor tightening, which is a method of flooding by preventing the water leakage by crushing the pores of the plow bed layer with double rolling pressure.

In addition, in the paddy field that precisely controls the soil water content in the rhizosphere up to about 1 m underground in the leaky field, all about 1 m of soil was dug out, and water-blocking substances such as vinyl were laid on the bottom and sides and buried again. An attempt has been made to create a vinyl paddy field to return it.

(Problems to be solved by the invention) By the way, the root of rice and wheat is originally capable of extending to a lower layer of about 1 m underground. Scraping work has the advantages of preventing water leakage and flooding, and at the same time having the advantages of leveling the surface of the rice field, scavenging organic matter, developing soil nitrogen, and facilitating rice planting, but the physical properties of the soil (structure and water permeability). However, there is a drawback in that the growth and growth of rice roots are hindered, such as the deterioration of soil chemistry (reduction of soil). Furthermore, this farm work is very energy consuming and is a bitter sweat farm work that must be carried out every year.

Although the floor filling method prevents leakage, it causes soil hardening (it is difficult for roots to grow when the Yamanaka hardness tester reads 26 or higher), and it inhibits root growth. Not a method.

In addition, vinyl paddy field construction that uses vinyl is used to select the soil and subsoil (about 0.8 to 1 m below the soil), to separate and dig up, and to backfill the original street. It requires enormous effort and expense.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to secure a necessary and sufficient hydraulic conductivity for water leakage prevention, and to destroy the soil structure, without substituting work or floor fastening that inhibits the growth of crop roots, and at a low cost in a short time. Labor-saving, various waterproofing materials (limes, cements, slag,
Bentonites, asphalts, water-repellent substances, etc.)
A method for forming a water-stop layer (impermeable layer) and a machine for forming a water-stop layer for carrying out the method.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the method for forming a water stop layer at the bottom of the field of the present invention is to form a water stop layer at the bottom of the field having a depth of 0.8 to 2 m, so that soil and subsoil are formed. The soil is excavated and separated into upper and lower tiers so as not to mix with each other, and the excavated soil is transferred to the rear separately for the soil and the subsoil, and the original soil layer is restored and backfilled at the same time as the subsoil is removed. It is characterized in that a water-proof material is sprayed, stirred, compacted and / or sprayed on the bottom of the excavated portion to form a film of a hardly permeable layer or an impermeable layer that maintains a predetermined permeability coefficient. It is a thing.

In addition, 2 of the bottom of the field for carrying out the method for forming the water stop layer
The step-type water stop layer forming machine is a crawler type propulsion device, and the propulsion device excavates the soil and the subsoil in the field separately while advancing in the order of the soil and the subsoil. Rotary shovel for excavation and subsoil Subsoil and subsoil that have been carried to the rear of the propulsion device by conveying the excavation rotary shovel and the separately excavated soil and subsoil so as not to mix Conveyor for soil and soil for backfilling the soil in order of soil and soil, and spraying / stirring / compacting a waterproofing material on the bottom of the excavated portion where soil was excavated in the first half of the work. And / or a spraying machine for performing a spraying treatment to form a water blocking layer, a stirrer, and a pressure roller.

(Example) The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the water blocking layer forming machine 1 for achieving the object of the present invention, and the method of the present invention will be clarified by the description of the machine.

The first illustrated machine body is a crawler type propulsion device 2, rotary shovels 3 and 4 for excavation, which are divided into upper and lower layers for soil and soil, and soil 10 and soil 11 which are separately excavated. Conveyors 5 and 6 for transporting to the rear (direction opposite to arrow 9) as soon as they are excavated so that they do not mix with each other, and limes, cements, slag, on the back side of the excavated soil excavation plate, A jet spraying machine 7 for spraying a waterproofing material composed of one or a combination of bentonites, asphalts or water-repellent substances, an agitator 12 for mixing the sprayed waterproofing material with soil, It is composed of a compaction roller 8 for forming a water blocking layer as a film.

When carrying out the work, for example, at a depth of 1.2 m, width at one end of the field
The machine body may be installed with a 3 m long start hole and the machine body 1 may be propelled and moved in the direction 9 thereafter. During the work, the machine body gradually moves to the excavated bottom of the subsoil, and it is possible to move on to the intended work.

As is clear from Fig. 1, the work performed by the machine body is such that the field topsoil (including the plow bed layer in principle) is first removed by the soil excavator 3 in the forward direction of the machine, and at the same time the soil is excavated. The sheet is sent later by the conveyor 5 for. Next, the subsoil in the deep part of the field is excavated by the subsoil excavator 4, and this is sent later by the subsoil conveyor 6 in the same manner as the soil preparation.

The waterproof material is sprayed from the spraying machine 7 to the bottom of the excavated portion where the subsoil is removed, and at the same time, the mixer 12 mixes the soil with a predetermined depth and the roller 8 for compaction that follows the mixer 12. A water blocking layer is formed using the water blocking material injected by the above as a film. Alternatively, a spraying machine (not shown) separately provided as needed.
To form a water blocking film on the excavated side wall or bottom.

At this time, the water-stopping material is supplied from the accompanying tank car through the pressure-feeding pipe so that the work can be continued.

The water stop layer is sequentially formed on the rear part of the machine body 1 as it advances in the direction 9, but on the formed water stop layer, the subsoil sent by the subsoil conveyor 6 is The soil to be sent later is piled up by the soil-producing conveyor 5 and the original soil layer is restored in sequence.

In addition, in principle, this machine is to perform linear work from one end to the other end, and commands such as turning at the other end are manually done from the booth.

(Effect of the invention) Due to the formation of the waterproof layer at the bottom of the field and the formation of the side wall permeation preventive film, the leaked rice fields widely distributed in each region of the country, that is, aged paddy fields, sandy leaky fields, volcanic ash soil paddy fields, peat paddy fields. Prevents water leaks and contributes to improved productivity.

In this way, it is possible to submerge paddy fields without performing scraping work. In addition, by constructing an existing combination culvert that combines rice grain culvert and bullet culvert, and the formation of this water-stop layer, it is possible to create a paddy field that can control drainage and inundation. In this way, water leakage is prevented, underground irrigation and underground drainage are made easy, and it is possible to easily carry out dry-field direct seeding cultivation, which is the lowest-cost rice cultivation in all rice fields in the country.

Furthermore, since precise control of soil water content will be achieved, it is possible to maintain proper soil water content not only in paddy rice but also in the main root areas of all crops according to the growing season of the crop, resulting in high quality and high yield. Promised. In addition, it is possible to constantly adjust the optimum soil moisture for all cultivated crops, and prevent wasteful runoff of water, fertilizer nutrients and herbicides.

Of the 2.88 million hectares of paddy field in Japan, 3 have high permeability.
3.6% of 970,000 ha, and the one with the highest permeability is 5.8% of 170,000 ha
Ha, and of course, both of them are the objects to which the effects of the present invention are directly brought. But still other loamy clay,
Paddy fields with soil structure and cracks such as clay soils, and paddy fields located beside rivers, creeks, and drainage channels will leak vertically or horizontally without substituting work. The area has the effect of preventing water leakage. Further, the present invention is also applicable to peat layers, sand dunes, and barren deserts that cannot hold water even if they are not paddy fields.

(References) (1) Yasuo Takishima, Hiroshi Sakuma: Study on the influence of soil compaction and hardness on root system development and growth of paddy rice, Agricultural Research Report, B-21, 255-328 (1969) (2) Kazuhiro Ide: Shallow Research on direct seeding of paddy rice in dry rice field and improvement of barley crop by layer bullet culvert, Tokyo University of Agriculture degree thesis 1
−121 (1982) (3) Kazuhiro Ide: A new cultivation method for soil structure development in paddy fields, Saga Agricultural Exploratory Bulletin, 20,63-81 (1980) (4) Patent No. 797480 “Underground plowing / no ground surface” Cultivation method using plowing crop ditching method "

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing an embodiment of the water blocking layer forming machine of the present invention. 1 …… Machine main body, 2 …… Crawler type propulsion device 3,4 …… Excavation rotary shovel for soil making and subsoil respectively 5,6 …… Conveyor for soil making and subsoil respectively 7 …… Injection spraying machine, 8 …… Rolling roller 9 …… Machine moving direction, 10 …… Soil preparation 11 …… Soil, 12 …… Stirrer 13 …… Water stop layer

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Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. When forming a water stop layer at the bottom of a field, the soil is separated into upper and lower layers so as not to mix the soil and the subsoil. At the same time as transferring and restoring the original soil layer to the back and backfilling,
Disperse / stir the water-stopping material on the bottom of the excavated portion where the subsoil was excavated.
A method for forming a water-stop layer at the bottom of a field, which comprises forming a film of a hardly permeable layer or an impermeable layer that maintains a predetermined water permeability by performing a compaction and / or spraying treatment. 2. The forming method according to claim 1, wherein the water blocking material is limes, cements, slags, bentonites,
A method for forming a water stop layer at the bottom of a field, which is one of asphalts or water-repellent substances or a combination thereof. 3. The method for forming a water stop layer at the bottom of a field according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined hydraulic conductivity is 10 ⁻⁵ cm / sec or less. 4. A crawler-type propulsion device, wherein the propulsion device excavates the soil and subsoil in the field separately while advancing in the order of soil and subsoil. And a rotary shovel for excavating the subsoil, and the soil and the subsoil separately excavated are carried rearward so as not to mix, and the subsoil and the subsoil transported behind the propulsion device Subsoil and soil conveyor for backfilling soil in order, and spraying / stirring / rolling and / or spraying with waterproofing material at the bottom of the excavation area where the soil was excavated in the first half of the work. A two-stage water stop layer forming machine at the bottom of a field, which is equipped with a spray spraying machine for forming a water stop layer by stirring, a stirrer, and a roller.