JPH06971B2 - Breakwater and its construction method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a breakwater, which is a type of offshore structure, and an improvement in its construction method.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, as offshore structures such as breakwaters, in addition to so-called breakwater block dams that pile up rubble stones and wavebreak blocks on the foundation ground, gravity-type composite dams that install concrete caisson on the rubble foundation mound, and many There is known a so-called pile standing block laminated dike that supports blocks with pile groups.

In this pile standing block laminated levee, piles are built in two rows in the front and back in a vertical or horizontal or zigzag pattern at predetermined intervals, and a large number of straight blocks have fitting holes at both ends vertically. It is fitted to two laterally or diagonally adjacent piles and laminated at a predetermined height.

That is, for example, in the wave-breaking structure disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-17484, straight blocks are assembled into four piles vertically and horizontally adjacent to each other in two rows in the front and rear to form a block laminated body, and In the breakwater disclosed in JP 61-6203 A, the straight blocks are stacked between two piles that are adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction in each of the front and rear rows, and at the same time, the piles in the front row and the piles in the rear row are arranged. The block laminated body is also formed by straddling and laminating with the pile.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, such a pile standing block laminated bank has the following problems.

Generally requires many blocks. Moreover,
In order to cope with deep water and large waves to increase the connectivity between blocks, a larger number of blocks are required accordingly.

Each block must be accurately combined to obtain the desired porosity between blocks, and blocks of different shapes must be used together, which makes the combination method complicated and reduces the construction work efficiency. .

The piles must have their respective mounting accuracy increased so that the fitting holes of each block can be fitted properly.

Since the blocks are stacked and supported by fitting the fitting holes into the piles, the piles must be straight piles and cannot be oblique piles. Therefore, it is not possible to use the oblique pile effective for resisting the horizontal external force applied to the block laminated body, and the construction is expensive especially in the place of large waves.

The straight block is fitted to two adjacent piles to form a unit frame structure or unit truss structure, but the external force acting on one side may not be smoothly transmitted to the other side. , Which makes the structure unstable.

An object of the present invention is to solve these problems.

[Means for solving problems]

 The structure of the breakwater of the present invention is as follows.

A support pile fitting vertical hole 7 vertically installed at at least each corner portion 8 of a bottomed concrete caisson A having a flat rectangular shape with transparent window holes 5 and 6 formed in the peripheral wall is a support pile B built in the subsea ground.
Support stand D fitted to the support pile B and attached to the support pile B,
D ', and the support pile fitting vertical hole 7 and the support pile B are supported.
A grouting c such as mortar is filled in the gap between and, whereby the bottomed concrete caisson A is supported by the support pile B.
Is integrally supported and fixed to.

A resistance pile C ₁ , which is also built in the water bottom ground and resists a horizontal external force applied to the bottomed concrete caisson A,
The heads of C ₂ and C ₃ are the bottomed concrete caisson A.
Is penetrated through the resistance pile through holes 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , 9 ₃ provided in the bottom wall a ′ and is embedded in concrete d cast on the bottom wall a ′.

The construction method of the present invention comprises the following steps.

A required number of support piles B are provided at a predetermined position on the bottom of the water corresponding to the support pile fitting holes 7 which are vertically provided at least at the corners 8 of the bottomed concrete caisson A having the transparent window holes 5 and 6 on the peripheral wall.
And the required number of resistance piles C ₁ , C ₂ , at the predetermined position of the water bottom ground corresponding to the resistance pile through holes 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , 9 ₃ of the bottom wall a ′ of the bottomed concrete caisson A. C
Step of building ₃ and attaching the support bases D, D'at a predetermined height of the support pile B.

The bottomed concrete caisson A is fitted with the support pile fitting vertical hole 7 on the support pile B and is supported on the support stand D, and the heads of the resistance piles C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ are attached. The resistance pile through holes 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , 9 _{3 of} the bottom wall a ′ are made to penetrate, and the gap between the support pile fitting vertical hole 7 and the support pile B is filled with grout c such as mortar. The step of integrally supporting and fixing the bottomed concrete caisson A to the support pile B.

The step of placing concrete d on the bottom wall a ′ of the bottomed concrete caisson A and burying the heads of the resistance piles C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ therein.

In the above, the building of the resistance piles C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ is
As in the case of the support pile B, the concrete pile caisson A with a bottom is supported and fixed to the support pile B instead of being built in advance at a predetermined position in the water bottom ground, and then the resistance piles C ₁ , C ₂ , and C ₃ of the bottomed concrete are fixed. From above the caisson A, the resistance pile through hole 9
_It may be installed in the subseabed while guiding ₁ , 9, ₂ , 9 ₃ to penetrate.

Further, the support base is a support base D hung by a suspending member 9 and a suspension plate 10 at a predetermined height of the support pile B, or a flange-like one is provided at a required position of the support pile B. The support base D'may be used.

Further, the support pile B and the resistance piles C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ may be made of steel pipe or reinforced concrete, and they are driven in until reaching the stable ground at the bottom of the water.

The support pile B is a straight pile that also serves as a guide when the caisson is sunk, and the resistance piles C ₁ , C ₂ and C ₃ may be straight piles, but are diagonal piles so as to well resist horizontal external force. It is preferable that these piles and straight piles are used in combination.

The number and size of the transmission window holes 5 and 6 are appropriately determined so as to match the set porosity, and the shape thereof is not particularly limited.

The support pile fitting vertical hole 7 is provided so as to extend vertically through at least the corner portion 8 of the bottomed concrete caisson A, and may be provided at an intermediate portion between one corner portion 8 and another corner portion 8 as necessary. .

[Working]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The breakwater of the present invention forms a fully integrated, strong and stable structure in which a concrete caisson with a bottom is supported by a support pile and a resistance pile penetrating the bottom wall resists horizontal external force.

In addition, the peripheral wall of the bottomed concrete caisson secures a predetermined porosity by means of a transparent window hole to perform desired wave breaking.

According to each of the construction methods of the present invention, since the bottomed concrete caisson has a transparent window hole in the peripheral wall, the support pile fitting vertical hole in the corner portion is sunk while being guided by the support pile and easily set at a predetermined position. By doing so, it is possible to make the above-mentioned breakwater, and unlike a block laminated body configured by fitting a plurality of straight blocks into a pile, it has a strong structure and resistance to external forces such as wave force. The force is also great, which is further aided by the bottom wall and the resistance piles that penetrate it.

〔Example〕

 The illustrated embodiment will be described in detail below.

A is a bottomed concrete caisson, which is composed of a peripheral wall a in which front, rear, left and right side walls 1 to 4 are arranged and molded in a plane square shape, beams b, b ′ and a bottom wall a ′ that are crucially crossed at the upper opening. .

Reference numerals 5 and 6 are transmission window holes arranged in the front and rear side walls 1 and 2, and these transmission window holes are designed in advance so that the peripheral wall a has a desired porosity.

Reference numeral 7 is a supporting pile fitting vertical hole that is vertically provided through each corner 8 of the bottomed concrete caisson A.
The inner side of each of the joints 4 to 4 is formed to have a columnar thickness.

In addition to the above corners, the support pile fitting vertical holes are on each side wall 1-
There is also a case where the center of 4 has a columnar thickness and is formed there.

Reference numerals 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ and 9 ₃ are resistance pile through holes formed on the front side, the center and the rear side of the bottom wall a ′.

The construction method and construction of the breakwater of the present invention using the bottomed concrete caisson A having the above construction are as follows.

B is a support pile built in a position corresponding to the above-mentioned support pile fitting vertical hole 7 of the bottomed concrete caisson A, and is vertically driven until reaching the water bottom stable ground (Fig. 1).

C ₁ , C ₂ and C ₃ are resistance piles installed at the positions corresponding to the bottom wall a ′ of the bottomed concrete caisson A, and more specifically, C ₁ is a straight pile vertically laid offshore. Pile, C ₃ is a diagonal pile that is diagonally cast on the land side, C ₂ is a diagonal pile that is diagonally cast between C ₁ and C ₃ , and these are the above-mentioned resistance pile through holes 9 ₁ , 9 _The arrangement corresponds to ₂ , 9 ₃ (Figs. 6, 8).

D is an annular support stand attached to the support pile B for supporting the bottomed concrete caisson A on the support pile B,
This support base D is hung by a suspension member 10 and a suspension plate 11 at a predetermined height of each support pile B (Fig. 2).

The bottomed concrete caisson A is suspended on a ship hoist with the front side wall 1 on the offshore side and the rear side wall 2 on the land side (Fig. 3), and while the support pile fitting vertical hole 7 is fitted to the support pile B, Is set as a guide at a predetermined position, that is, a position where the support table D is mounted and supported. Thereby, the resistance piles C ₁ , C ₂ , C
The head of ₃ penetrates through the resistance pile through holes 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , 9 ₃ (Figs. 4 and 8).

Therefore, the vertical hole 7 is filled with grout c such as mortar to close the annular vertical cavity formed on the outer periphery of the support pile B and the suspending member 10 is embedded therein, whereby the support pile is formed. B and bottomed concrete caisson A are integrated.

In addition, by providing an annular protrusion or unevenness on the outer periphery of the support pile B, it is possible to improve the grout bite.

In this way, the bottomed concrete caisson A is supported and fixed to the support pile B, and then the resistance pile through holes 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , 9 ₃ through which the heads of the resistance piles C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ are passed. The plate piece 12
Alternatively, it may be closed with an appropriate padding.

Then Da設concrete d on the bottom wall a 'through a top opening in said bottomed concrete caissons A, embedding the resistive pile C _1, the head of the C _2, C ₃ in the (4 , 8
Figure).

Due to the above, the bottomed concrete caisson A is supported by the support pile B.
Resistance piles C ₁ and C which are supported by and penetrate through the bottom wall a ′ in the concrete d cast on the bottom wall a ′.
In which the wave dissipating bank which is adapted to resist horizontal external force is constructed by embedding a _2, C ₃ head.

In FIG. 11, unlike the case of the above-described embodiment, a flange-shaped one D'protruded in advance at a required position of the support pile B is adopted as the support base for supporting the bottomed concrete caisson A on the support pile B. The case is shown.

Further, in the above embodiment, the support pile B and the resistance pile C ₁ ,
The construction method for supporting and fixing the bottomed concrete caisson A to the support pile B after building C ₂ and C ₃ was described.

However, as shown in FIG. 12, the resistance pile C'is
After the bottomed concrete caisson A is supported and fixed to the bottomed concrete caisson A, it may be installed as a straight pile or a diagonal pile while being guided to the resistance pile through hole 9'of the bottom wall a'of the bottomed concrete caisson A, and particularly, it is not When it is used as a pile, it is driven by a suspended hammer E.

Also in this case, the order other than the order of building the resistance piles C'is the same as in the above embodiment.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, the breakwater of the present invention forms a fully integrated, strong and stable structure in which a concrete caisson with a bottom is supported by a support pile and a resistance pile that penetrates the bottom wall resists horizontal external force. . Also, the peripheral wall of the caisson secures a predetermined porosity by means of the transparent window hole to perform the desired wave elimination.

According to each of the construction methods of the present invention, since the peripheral wall has a large number of transparent window holes, the supporting pile fitting vertical holes at each corner portion are sunk while being guided while being guided by the supporting piles, and easily set at a predetermined position. It can be used as the above breakwater, and unlike a block laminate in which a plurality of straight blocks are fitted into piles, it is a strong structure and has a large resistance to external forces such as wave forces. , It is further promoted by the bottom wall and the resistance piles that pass through it.

[Brief description of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 1 to 5 are explanatory views showing the construction status of a breakwater step by step, FIG. 6 is a plan view of the built breakwater, and FIG. , 8 and 9 are longitudinal end views of the I-I line, II-II line and III-III line of FIG. 6, respectively, FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the above breakwater, and FIG. FIG. 12 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the main part for showing an example, and FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing another method of building the resistance pile. a ... peripheral wall, 5,6 ... transparent window hole, A ... bottomed concrete caisson, B ... support pile, C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ ... resistance pile, a ′ ... bottom wall, d ... … Concrete, 9 ₁ ,
9 ₂ , 9 ₃ ... Resistance pile through hole, 8 ... Corner, 7 ...
Vertical holes for supporting piles.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A support pile fitting vertical hole vertically provided at least at each corner of a flat rectangular bottomed concrete caisson having a transparent window hole in a peripheral wall fits into a support pile built in a submersible ground. Is supported by a support stand attached to the support pile together with
And, the grout such as mortar is filled in the gap between the support pile fitting vertical hole and the support pile, whereby the bottomed concrete caisson is integrally supported and fixed to the support pile, also in the subsea ground. The head of a resistance pile that is built in and that resists a horizontal external force applied to the bottomed concrete caisson is penetrated through the resistance pile through hole in the bottom wall of the bottomed concrete caisson and embedded in concrete cast on the bottom wall. The breakwater that is characterized by being. 2. A required number of support piles are built in a predetermined position of the water bottom ground corresponding to the support pile fitting holes vertically provided at least at each corner of a flat rectangular bottomed concrete caisson having a transparent window hole in its peripheral wall. At the same time, a required number of resistance piles are built in a predetermined position of the water bottom ground corresponding to the resistance pile through holes in the bottom wall of the bottomed concrete caisson, and a support base is attached at a predetermined height of the support piles. Step, the bottomed concrete caisson is fitted into the support pile fitting vertical hole on the support pile and supported on the support stand, and the head of the resistance pile is penetrated into the resistance pile through hole of the bottom wall. In such a state, a step of filling the gap between the support pile fitting vertical hole and the support pile with grout such as mortar and integrally supporting and fixing the bottomed concrete caisson to the support pile, and the bottom of the bottomed concrete caisson. On the wall Method for constructing a wave dissipating Tsutsumi to Da設 the cleat, to the head of the resistance stakes characterized by comprising the step of embedding therein. 3. A required number of support piles are built in a predetermined position of the water bottom ground corresponding to the support pile fitting holes vertically provided in at least each corner of a flat rectangular bottomed concrete caisson having a transparent window hole in its peripheral wall. Together with the step of attaching a support base at a predetermined height of the support pile, the bottomed concrete caisson is supported on the support base while fitting the support pile fitting vertical hole into the support pile, The step of filling the gap between the support pile fitting vertical hole and the support pile with grout such as mortar and integrally supporting and fixing the bottomed concrete caisson to the support pile, and providing it on the bottom wall from above the bottomed concrete caisson The resistance pile is installed in the water bottom ground while guiding it through the resistance pile through hole, and the head of the resistance pile is located above the bottom wall, and the concrete is placed on the bottom wall of the bottomed concrete caisson. And Da設 the door, how to build a wave dissipating bank to the head of the resistance stakes characterized by comprising the step of embedding therein.