JPH0710333B2 - Exhaust reducing agent onboard manufacturing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing onboard a reducing agent for detoxifying exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine by using fuel oil for the internal combustion engine in the vessel.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine contains harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and poses not only social and environmental problems but also global environmental problems. The tendency that NOx emitted by the automobile must also be reduced increases with the progress of the times. Conventionally, it is well known that ammonia is usually used as a reducing agent in a denitration device. Further, a method of using a lower hydrocarbon as a reducing agent for denitration of exhaust gas is also well known (see, for example, JP-A-53-26270). In addition, recently, N in the exhaust gas of diesel vehicles etc.
A method for removing Ox using a copper-zeolite-based catalyst as a catalyst and cetane (C ₁₆ H ₃₄ ) as a reducing agent has been proposed (GIKEN Shimbun Information, November 14, 1990 issue). A catalytic cracking method is known as a method for making hydrocarbons lighter, and is used in the production of gasoline, light oil, etc. in an oil refining plant.

[0003]

In the method of using ammonia as a reducing agent, when ammonia is used in a sealed space such as a ship or a vehicle, there is a possibility of leaking air, causing an explosion or a fire. Also, a considerable amount of storage space is occupied. Furthermore, the ammonia reacts with SO ₃ in the gas, and the function of the denitration device deteriorates. Further, the above document does not suggest any technical idea of manufacturing an effective exhaust gas reducing agent from fuel oil itself of an internal combustion engine in a ship by utilizing a heat source generated in the ship. The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and supplies a part of fuel oil of a fuel tank for an internal combustion engine to a reformer that uses exhaust gas generated in a ship, combustion gas, steam or the like as a heat source, and a catalyst. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for producing a reducing agent suitable for exhaust gas treatment by decomposing and reforming by using.

[0004]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the method for producing an exhaust gas reducing agent according to the present invention has the following four steps (a) to (d), that is, (a) Of supplying a part of the fuel oil (heavy oil) and the catalyst supplied to the internal combustion engine to the reformer, (b) supplying the heat source generated in the ship to the reformer, (c) above (a), (b) ) Process to lighten the fuel oil to obtain hydrocarbons for denitration reducing agent of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine in the ship, (d) after separating the catalyst from the reformer residual oil, the residual oil is fueled And a step of mixing with oil. Further, the on-board manufacturing apparatus for an exhaust gas reducing agent of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The reformer 12 includes therein the tube groups 22 and 46 for introducing the heat source generated in the ship, the reformer 12, and the inside of the ship. Reducing agent raw material supply pipe 30 that connects to the fuel oil tank 28 for the internal combustion engine 20 and the catalyst hopper 1 that is connected to the reformer 12.
4, a reducing agent extraction / supply pipe 38 for supplying the hydrocarbon lightened by the reformer 12 to the denitration device 24, and a residual oil extraction / circulation connecting the bottom of the reformer 12 and the fuel oil tank 28. Conduit 42 and residual oil extraction / circulation conduit 42
And a catalyst separating means provided in the. The reformer in the specification of the present application refers to a device that heats a higher hydrocarbon such as heavy oil and decomposes and reforms it into a lower hydrocarbon by contacting it with a catalyst, and is close to a catalytic cracking device (cracker).

[0005]

The fuel oil (heavy oil) from the fuel oil tank 28 is supplied to the reformer 12 as a reducing agent raw material, and
The catalyst particles are fed from the catalyst hopper 14, and at the same time, a part of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 20, or a part of the exhaust gas and steam or combustion gas from the auxiliary combustor 44, or the waste gas boiler 26 and / or the auxiliary boiler 48. Steam from is supplied as a heat source. In the reformer 12, the fuel oil is lightened and the lightened hydrocarbons are supplied to the denitration device 24 and contact with the exhaust gas, and NOx in the exhaust gas is efficiently converted into nitrogen and oxygen.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. However, the shape of the constituent devices described in this embodiment, the relative arrangement thereof, and the like, unless otherwise specified, are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention only to them, but merely illustrative examples. Nothing more. Embodiment 1 As shown in FIG. 1, the onboard manufacturing apparatus for an exhaust gas reducing agent in this embodiment comprises an exhaust distributor 10, a reformer 12, a catalyst hopper 14, a catalyst recovery machine 16, a filter 18, and the like. The exhaust distributor 10 is connected to an exhaust gas conduit of an internal combustion engine 20 for a ship and branches the exhaust gas into two pipes. Then, a pipe group 22 is formed at the tip of one of the exhaust gas pipes, and the pipe group 22 is formed by the reformer 1
It is equipped inside 2.

A part of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 20 is distributed to and introduced into the reformer 12, and the reformer 1
It is used as a heat source necessary for the catalytic reaction with the catalyst in 2. The exhaust gas that has passed through the reformer 12 joins with the remaining exhaust gas distributed by the exhaust distributor 10, is denitrified through the denitration device 24, and is then heat-recovered by the waste gas boiler 26, and then the chimney ( (Not shown). From a fuel oil tank 28 in a vessel for an internal combustion engine, heavy fuel oil A, heavy fuel oil B or heavy fuel oil C is sent to a reformer 12 as a raw material for producing a reducing agent through a reducing agent raw material supply pipe 30, and at an appropriate temperature in the reformer 12. , Under control of pressure, catalyst hopper 1
4, catalytically reacts with catalyst particles such as silica and alumina supplied from No. 4, and decomposes and reforms into lighter hydrocarbons.
The purified hydrocarbons are condensed in the condenser 32, passed through the catalyst recovery device 34 such as a centrifugal separator and the catalyst filter 36, and then supplied to the denitration device 24 and used as a reducing agent. 38 is a reducing agent extraction / supply pipe, and 40 is a fuel oil supply pipe to the internal combustion engine.

The above is the case where the purified hydrocarbon is once condensed in the condenser 32 and then supplied to the denitration device 24 in a liquid state. However, the purified hydrocarbon is deliquefied in a gaseous state as it is without liquefying it. It is also possible to supply the device 24. In this case, the condenser 32 and the catalyst recovery machine 3
4. The catalyst filter 36 becomes unnecessary. The bottom of the reformer 12 and the fuel oil tank 28 are connected to each other via a residual oil (slurry) extraction / circulation conduit 42.
2 is provided with a catalyst separating means including a catalyst recovering device 16 such as a centrifugal separator and a catalyst filter 18. As the reformer 12, for example, a simplified fluidized bed system or moving bed system can be considered by applying the principle of an FCC device (catalytic cracking device) which is a large oil refining plant. As described above, the slurry (residual oil) coming out from the bottom of the reformer 12 is returned to the fuel oil tank 28 after the catalyst is recovered by another catalyst recovery device 16 and the catalyst filter 18, and is used as fuel for the internal combustion engine. used. The condenser 32 of the reformer is cooled by a cooling means of another system such as a seawater line. All of the above devices are installed in the ship. The present embodiment has an advantage that the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine can be effectively used as the heat source of the reformer.

Embodiment 2 As shown in FIG. 2, the apparatus for manufacturing an exhaust gas reducing agent according to the present embodiment has a reformer 12 in which a pipe group 22 for exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine 20 is provided and an oil-fired boiler, A tube group 46 of steam or combustion gas from an auxiliary combustor 44 such as a combustion gas generator is provided. The present embodiment has an advantage that the heat source can be easily obtained when the internal combustion engine 20 is in a light load state or the like. Other configurations and operations are similar to those of the first embodiment.

Embodiment 3 The on-board manufacturing apparatus for an exhaust gas reducing agent according to this embodiment uses an exhaust gas boiler as shown in FIG. 3, instead of distributing exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine by an exhaust distributor to use as a heat source for a reformer. 26
Is provided with an auxiliary boiler 48 such as a reheating oil-fired boiler,
The steam from the waste gas boiler 26 and the auxiliary boiler 48 is supplied to the pipe group 22 in the reformer 12. The present embodiment has an advantage that the heat source of the reformer 12 can be obtained without being affected by the load of the internal combustion engine 20. Other configurations and operations are similar to those of the first embodiment.

[0011]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects. (1) Since the fuel oil of the internal combustion engine and the raw material of the reducing agent can be stored in the same fuel oil tank, the raw material can be easily obtained and can be easily handled in a ship. (2) Unlike the case where ammonia is used as a reducing agent, ammonium sulfate is not generated, and the functional deterioration of the denitration device is remarkably reduced. (3) In a ship, a fuel oil tank usually has an A heavy oil tank and a C heavy oil tank, and A is used as a reducing agent raw material.
If heavy oil is used, it is possible to easily take out light components having a strong reducing ability.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system explanatory view showing an embodiment of an onboard manufacturing apparatus for an exhaust gas reducing agent of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing another embodiment of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a system explanatory view showing still another embodiment of the device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Exhaust Distributor 12 Reformer 14 Catalyst Hopper 16 Catalyst Recovery Machine 18 Catalyst Filter 20 Internal Combustion Engine 22 Tube Group 24 Denitration Device 26 Waste Gas Boiler 28 Fuel Oil Tank 30 Reductant Raw Material Supply Pipe 32 Condenser 34 Catalyst Recovery Machine 36 Catalyst Filter 38 Reducing Agent Extraction / supply pipe 40 Fuel oil supply pipe 42 Residual oil extraction / circulation pipe 44 Auxiliary combustor 46 Tube group 48 Auxiliary boiler

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location B63H 21/32 B01D 53/36 101 Z

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. The following four steps (a) to (d), namely, (a) a step of supplying a part of fuel oil to be supplied to an internal combustion engine in a ship and a catalyst to a reformer, and (b) a reformer. A step of supplying a heat source generated in the ship, (c)
By the above steps (a) and (b), the fuel oil is lightened to obtain hydrocarbons for the denitration reducing agent of the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine in the ship, (d) the catalyst is separated from the residual oil of the reformer And then mixing the residual oil with the fuel oil. 2. A reformer (12) having therein pipe groups (22), (46) for introducing a heat source generated in a ship.
And a reducing agent raw material supply pipe (30) connecting the reformer (12) to a fuel oil tank (28) for an internal combustion engine (20) in a ship, and a catalyst hopper (14) connected to the reformer (12). And withdrawal of reducing agent for supplying the hydrocarbon lightened by the reformer (12) to the denitration device (24).
A residual oil extraction / circulation conduit (4) connecting the supply pipe (38), the bottom of the reformer (12) and the fuel oil tank (28).
2) and a catalyst separating means provided in the residual oil extraction / circulation conduit (42), and an onboard manufacturing apparatus for an exhaust gas reducing agent.