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JPH07108987B2 - Method of removing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from coal - Google Patents
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JPH07108987B2 - Method of removing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from coal - Google Patents

Method of removing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from coal

Info

Publication number
JPH07108987B2
JPH07108987B2 JP61014865A JP1486586A JPH07108987B2 JP H07108987 B2 JPH07108987 B2 JP H07108987B2 JP 61014865 A JP61014865 A JP 61014865A JP 1486586 A JP1486586 A JP 1486586A JP H07108987 B2 JPH07108987 B2 JP H07108987B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
coal
alkaline earth
metals
line
earth metals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP61014865A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS62174295A (en
Inventor
佐藤  文昭
節夫 鈴木
清通 太尾田
守 玉井
清美 上原
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd filed Critical Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority to JP61014865A priority Critical patent/JPH07108987B2/en
Publication of JPS62174295A publication Critical patent/JPS62174295A/en
Publication of JPH07108987B2 publication Critical patent/JPH07108987B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、石炭からNa,Kなどのアルカリ金属ならびにC
a,Mgなどのアルカリ土類金属を除去する方法に関する。
特に、本発明は、発電用や一般産業用ボイラーの燃料に
適用される石炭の前処理方法である石炭からのアルカリ
金属ならびにアルカリ土類金属の除去方法に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention is applicable to the production of alkali metals such as Na and K and C from coal.
The present invention relates to a method for removing alkaline earth metals such as a and Mg.
In particular, the present invention relates to a method for removing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from coal, which is a pretreatment method for coal applied to a fuel for a power generation boiler or a general industrial boiler.

〔従来の技術〕 発電用や一般産業用のボイラーの燃料として、重油等の
油系燃料より価格が安く、埋蔵量も豊富でかつ全世界的
に分布している石炭が見直され、微粉炭燃焼などの石炭
専焼ボイラーが増加している。また、重油だきボイラー
にそのまま適用できる液体燃料として、石炭−水スラリ
ーの製造,燃焼技術の開発も進められている。
[Prior art] As a fuel for boilers for power generation and general industry, coal, which is cheaper than oil-based fuels such as heavy oil, rich in reserves, and distributed worldwide, has been reviewed and pulverized coal combustion The number of coal-fired boilers such as is increasing. Further, as a liquid fuel that can be directly applied to a heavy oil-fired boiler, the production of coal-water slurry and the development of combustion technology are being advanced.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problems to be solved by the invention]

一般的に石炭専焼ボイラーにおいて、灰分組成は、スラ
ツキング性やフアウリング性に大きな影響を及ぼし、特
にNa,Kなどのアルカリ金属類や、Ca,Mg等のアルカリ土
類金属などの灰中アルカリ率が高いというフアウリング
性やスラツキング性が高くなり、ボイラーの設計に際し
てはボイラーの高を高くしたり、伝熱管の間隔をあけ
るなどの対策が必要で、このような灰中アルカリ率が高
い石炭を使用する場合にはボイラーの建設費が高くなる
という欠点があつた。石炭中から、これらのアルカリ金
属ならびにアルカリ土類金属を除去する従来技術として
は、水による通常の選炭,重液選炭や気泡分離によるコ
ールクリーニングなどの脱灰法が採用されているが、石
炭構造中に存在する灰分、いわゆる内部灰分や選択的な
アルカリ金属の除去はできないという欠点があつた。
Generally, in coal-fired boilers, the ash composition greatly affects slaking properties and fouling properties, and in particular, the alkali metal content in ash such as alkali metals such as Na and K and alkaline earth metals such as Ca and Mg. Higher fouling and slaking properties are required, and it is necessary to take measures such as increasing the height of the boiler and spacing the heat transfer tubes when designing the boiler.Use coal with a high alkali content in ash. In that case, there was a drawback that the construction cost of the boiler would be high. As conventional techniques for removing these alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from coal, deashing methods such as normal coal preparation by water, heavy liquid separation and coal cleaning by air separation are adopted. There is a drawback in that the ash present inside, so-called internal ash, and selective alkali metal cannot be removed.

また、DOEのGrandcorks National Laboratoryで行われ
ている、いわゆるHot Waterプロセスでは、これらの内
部灰分中のCa,Naなどは除去されるものの、150〜200kg/
in2330℃という石炭液化並みの高苛酷度条件を必要と
し、設備コストが非常に大きくなり、経済的でないとい
う欠点があつた。
Also, in the so-called Hot Water process conducted at DOE's Grandcorks National Laboratory, Ca, Na, etc. in these internal ash are removed, but 150-200 kg /
In 2 330 ℃, the high rigorous condition of coal liquefaction is required, and the equipment cost becomes very large, which is not economical.

ところで、石炭をボイラーで燃焼する際に、前述したよ
うに、石炭のスラツキング性及びフアウリング性はボイ
ラーの建設費はもちろんボイラーの性能及び信頼性を左
右する重要な問題である。このスラツキングやフアウリ
ングの原因は、石炭灰の組成に関係があり、灰中のアル
カリ金属やアルカリ土類金属など塩基性成分が多いとス
ラツキングが起こり、フアウリングも塩基性成分、特に
Naが多いと起こる。
By the way, when the coal is burned in the boiler, as described above, the slaking property and the fouling property of the coal are important problems that affect not only the construction cost of the boiler but also the performance and reliability of the boiler. The cause of this slugging and fouling is related to the composition of the coal ash, and if there are many basic components such as alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in the ash, slaking will occur, and the fouling will also have basic components, especially
It happens when there is a lot of Na.

〔目的〕〔Purpose〕

そこで、本発明は、スラツキングやフアウリングを起こ
す可能性が高い石炭を事前に脱アルカリし、スラツキン
グやフアウリングを起こさない石炭に改質する方法を提
案するものであつて、石炭からのアルカリ金属ならびに
アルカリ土類金属の除去方法を提供することを目的とす
る。
Therefore, the present invention proposes a method of previously dealkalizing coal having a high possibility of causing slaking and fauling, and reforming it into coal that does not cause slaking or fauling, in which alkali metal and alkali from coal are used. It is an object to provide a method for removing earth metal.

〔問題点を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving problems]

そして、本発明は、上記目的を達成する手段として、石
炭を加熱処理した後、溶剤で洗浄する点にある。すなわ
ち、本発明は、石炭を最終加熱温度180〜450℃に加熱処
理し、脱含酸素官能基反応を行わせた後、遊離したアル
カリ金属ならびにアルカリ土類金属を含有する該処理炭
を、水及び/又は有機溶剤で洗浄することを特徴とする
石炭からのアルカリ金属ならびにアルカリ土類金属の除
去方法である。
And, as a means for achieving the above-mentioned object, the present invention resides in that coal is heated and then washed with a solvent. That is, the present invention, the coal is heated to a final heating temperature of 180 ~ 450 ℃, after performing a deoxygenating functional group reaction, the treated coal containing the free alkali metal and alkaline earth metal, water, And / or a method for removing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from coal, which comprises washing with an organic solvent.

本発明を詳細に説明すると、本発明では、従来の洗炭や
浮選では不可能であつた石炭構造中のアルカリ金属なら
びにアルカリ土類金属を、高温ガスによる加熱処理によ
つて石炭構造から遊離させ、これを水及び/又は有機溶
剤で洗い出して除去するものであり、前述の高圧水下で
行うHot Waterプロセスと比較して、処理が簡単でコス
トが安いというメリットがある。一般に亜瀝青炭や褐炭
などの低品位炭中に含まれるCa,K,Naなどのアルカリ金
属ならびにアルカリ土類金属は石炭中の含酸素基と結び
ついていると言われている。結びつく多くの相手は−CO
OHのカルボキシル基であり、アルカリ類は、カルボキシ
ル基の水素と置換された状態、たとえばCOONa,COOK,COO
Ca+という状態で存在している。
Explaining the present invention in detail, in the present invention, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in a coal structure, which were not possible by conventional coal washing or flotation, are released from the coal structure by a heat treatment with a high temperature gas. Then, this is washed out with water and / or an organic solvent to be removed, and there is an advantage that the treatment is simple and the cost is low as compared with the above-mentioned Hot Water process performed under high pressure water. It is generally said that alkali metals such as Ca, K and Na and alkaline earth metals contained in low-grade coal such as sub-bituminous coal and lignite are associated with oxygen-containing groups in coal. Many people who connect
It is a carboxyl group of OH, and alkalis are in a state of being replaced with hydrogen of the carboxyl group, such as COONa, COOK, COO.
It exists in the state of Ca + .

しかし、このカルボキシル基は熱に弱く、180℃付近の
温度から分解をはじめてCO2を放出する。従つて、石炭
は180℃以上に加熱されると、Ca,Na,K,Mgなどが石炭構
造から遊離し、不安定な状態となる。この状態で水,ア
ルコール,アセントなどの溶剤と接触すると、これらの
アルカリ金属ならびにアルカリ土類金属は溶出し石炭中
から除去される。すなわち、本発明は、燃焼に際してス
ラツキングやフアウリングの原因となる物質を含有する
石炭を高温ガスにより最終加熱温度180〜450℃の温度で
数分〜数十分間加熱処理し、含酸素官能基を熱分解する
ことによつて石炭中のアルカリ金属類を遊離させ、これ
を水及び/又は有機溶剤(メタノール,エタノール,ア
セトン及びこれらの混合物)などの溶剤で洗浄して溶出
分離することで低アルカリ炭を製造するものである。
However, this carboxyl group is vulnerable to heat and begins to decompose and releases CO 2 at a temperature around 180 ° C. Therefore, when the coal is heated to 180 ° C. or higher, Ca, Na, K, Mg, etc. are released from the coal structure and become unstable. When contact is made with a solvent such as water, alcohol or ascent in this state, these alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are eluted and removed from the coal. That is, the present invention, the coal containing a substance that causes slaking and fouling during combustion is heat-treated with a high-temperature gas at a final heating temperature of 180 to 450 ° C. for several minutes to several tens of minutes to obtain an oxygen-containing functional group. Alkali metals in coal are liberated by thermal decomposition, and this is washed with water and / or a solvent such as an organic solvent (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and a mixture thereof) and eluted to separate, thereby reducing alkali. It manufactures charcoal.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

以下第1図に基づいて本発明を具体的に説明する。第1
図は本発明の実施例である石炭からのアルカリ金属なら
びにアルカリ土類金属の除去工程を示す図である。
The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to FIG. First
The figure is a diagram showing a process for removing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from coal, which is an example of the present invention.

原料石炭はライン1を通り粗粉砕ミル101で2インチ以
下にされ、ライン2を通つて微粉砕ミル102に供給さ
れ、ここで10mmアンダーに粉砕される。微粉砕された石
炭は、ライン3を通つて急速加熱流動層103に送られ、
高温ガス発生器104より発生したライン4から供給され
る高温ガスにより加熱処理される。微粉を伴つた排ガス
はライン5を通つて分離工程105に送られ、ここで随伴
微粉はライン6より回収され、ライン7からの熱処理炭
と一緒に冷却流動層106へ送られる。ここからの排ガス
はライン8を通り分離工程107に送られ、随伴微粉はラ
イン9からとり出され冷却炭と一緒にライン10より湿式
粉砕洗浄器108へ送られる。
The raw material coal is passed through line 1 to a size of 2 inches or less by a coarse crushing mill 101, is fed through line 2 to a fine crushing mill 102, and is crushed to 10 mm under. The pulverized coal is sent to the rapid heating fluidized bed 103 through the line 3.
Heat treatment is performed by the high temperature gas generated from the high temperature gas generator 104 and supplied from the line 4. The exhaust gas accompanied with the fine powder is sent to the separation step 105 through the line 5, where the associated fine powder is recovered from the line 6 and sent to the cooling fluidized bed 106 together with the heat-treated coal from the line 7. The exhaust gas from here is sent to the separation step 107 through the line 8, and the associated fine powder is taken out from the line 9 and sent together with the cooling coal to the wet crushing and washing device 108 from the line 10.

ライン11,12の排ガスは集じん装置109でダスト13をとり
ライン14を経て冷却装置110で冷却されライン15を経て
一部はライン16より排出され、一部は冷却工程106の冷
却ガスや高温ガス発生器からのガスの希釈用として、ラ
イン17を通つてリサイクルされる。
The exhaust gas from the lines 11 and 12 collects dust 13 in the dust collector 109, is cooled in the cooling device 110 via the line 14, is partially discharged from the line 16 via the line 15, and is partly cooled by the cooling gas or high temperature in the cooling step 106. Recycled through line 17 for dilution of the gas from the gas generator.

湿式粉砕洗浄器108では石炭はライン18およびライン24
からの水またはアルコール等の溶剤と混合され、ボール
ミル型式の湿式粉砕器により粉砕されながら洗浄され
る。ここで、石炭中のNa,K,Ca,Mgなどは、石炭構造の中
から溶出し、液相に移行する。
In the wet grinding and washing machine 108, the coal is in line 18 and line 24.
Is mixed with water or a solvent such as alcohol and washed by being pulverized by a ball mill type wet pulverizer. Here, Na, K, Ca, Mg, etc. in the coal are eluted from the coal structure and transferred to the liquid phase.

石炭と溶剤のスラリーはライン23を通つてろ過器111に
送られ、アルカリ金属ならびにアルカリ土類金属を含有
する溶剤はライン19を通つて除去され、製品の微粉炭は
ライン20を通つて取り出される。
The coal and solvent slurry is sent to the filter 111 through line 23, the solvent containing alkali and alkaline earth metals is removed through line 19, and the product pulverized coal is removed through line 20. .

一方、アルカリ金属ならびにアルカリ土類金属を含有す
る溶剤の1部はライン21より系外へ排出され、残りはラ
イン22を通つて湿式粉砕洗浄器108にリサイクルされ
る。
On the other hand, a part of the solvent containing the alkali metal and the alkaline earth metal is discharged from the system through the line 21, and the rest is recycled to the wet crushing and washing machine 108 through the line 22.

以上の結果を第1表に示す。なお、第1表中のA炭およ
びB炭はフアウリング性、スラツキング性が共に高い石
炭である。
The above results are shown in Table 1. The coals A and B in Table 1 have high fouling properties and slaking properties.

上記第1表より、A炭ならびにB炭は300℃5分の熱処
理により、酸素が減少していることが明らかであり、こ
れは前述したようにカルボキシル基(−COOH)のような
含酸素器がCO,CO2となつて分解するためである。熱処理
によつて灰分組成の変化はないが、熱処理炭を水洗する
ことによりNaはA炭の場合でも65%,B炭の場合で84%も
除去され、ボイラーでのフアウリング性の懸念のない性
状に改良されていることが明らかである。一方、Kも70
%以上が除去されている。Ca,Mgなどのアルカリ土類金
属はA炭の場合でそれぞれ32%,60%,B炭でそれぞれ17
%,57%も除去されている。第1表の灰組成であれば、
スラツキング性の恐れはなく、本発明の処理によりスラ
ツキング性がない石炭に転換されていることがわかる。
From Table 1 above, it is clear that the A and B chars have a reduced oxygen content due to heat treatment at 300 ° C. for 5 minutes, and this is due to the oxygenator such as the carboxyl group (—COOH) as described above. Is decomposed into CO and CO 2 . Although the ash composition does not change due to heat treatment, Na is removed by 65% in the case of A coal and 84% in the case of B coal by washing the heat treated coal with water, and there is no concern about the fouling property in the boiler. It is obvious that it has been improved. On the other hand, K is 70
% Or more has been removed. Alkaline earth metals such as Ca and Mg are 32% and 60% respectively for A charcoal and 17% for B charcoal.
% And 57% have also been removed. With the ash composition of Table 1,
There is no fear of slaking property, and it can be seen that the treatment of the present invention has converted it to coal having no slaking property.

〔効果〕 本発明では通常の洗炭や浮選分離によつて除去されない
石炭中のアルカリ金属ならびにアルカリ土類金属が比較
的簡単な方法で除去されるという顕著な効果を奏するも
のである。例えば灰中のアルカリ金属類等の組成がNa
5.1%,K 0.7%,Ca 13.4%,Mg 63%のA炭を300℃の温度
で5分加熱処理しそれに続く水スラリー工程で溶解処理
した結果、Na 1.8%,K 0.2%,Ca 9.1%,Mg 2.5%となり
スラツキング、フアウリングとも問題のない石炭に改質
されるものである。
[Effects] The present invention has a remarkable effect that alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in coal which are not removed by ordinary carbon washing or flotation separation are removed by a relatively simple method. For example, the composition of alkali metals in ash is Na
5.1%, K 0.7%, Ca 13.4%, Mg 63% A charcoal was heated at 300 ° C for 5 minutes and dissolved in the subsequent water slurry process. As a result, Na 1.8%, K 0.2%, Ca 9.1% , Mg becomes 2.5%, and the coal can be reformed into coal with no problems in thrusking and fairing.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

第1図は、本発明の実施例である石炭からのアルカリ金
属ならびにアルカリ土類金属の除去工程を示す図であ
る。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a process for removing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from coal, which is an embodiment of the present invention.

フロントページの続き (72)発明者 玉井 守 広島県広島市西区観音新町4丁目6番22号 三菱重工業株式会社広島研究所内 (72)発明者 上原 清美 東京都千代田区丸の内2丁目5番1号 三 菱重工業株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭56−166299(JP,A)Front page continuation (72) Inventor Mamoru Tamai 4-6-22 Kannon Shinmachi, Nishi-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Prefecture Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Hiroshima Research Institute (72) Inventor Kiyomi Uehara 2-5-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 3 Ryoju Kogyo Co., Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-56-166299 (JP, A)

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】石炭を最終加熱温度180〜450℃に加熱処理
し、脱含酸素官能基反応を行わせた後、遊離したアルカ
リ金属ならびにアルカリ土類金属を含有する該処理炭
を、水及び/又は有機溶剤で洗浄することを特徴とする
石炭からのアルカリ金属ならびにアルカリ土類金属の除
去方法。
1. A coal is heat-treated at a final heating temperature of 180 to 450 ° C. to carry out a deoxygenating functional group reaction, and then the treated coal containing free alkali metal and alkaline earth metal is treated with water and And / or a method for removing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from coal, which comprises washing with an organic solvent.
JP61014865A 1986-01-28 1986-01-28 Method of removing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from coal Expired - Lifetime JPH07108987B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61014865A JPH07108987B2 (en) 1986-01-28 1986-01-28 Method of removing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from coal

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61014865A JPH07108987B2 (en) 1986-01-28 1986-01-28 Method of removing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from coal

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS62174295A JPS62174295A (en) 1987-07-31
JPH07108987B2 true JPH07108987B2 (en) 1995-11-22

Family

ID=11872916

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP61014865A Expired - Lifetime JPH07108987B2 (en) 1986-01-28 1986-01-28 Method of removing alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from coal

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH07108987B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0701184B1 (en) * 1994-03-29 1999-12-22 Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. Power supply apparatus in electrical appliances
WO2018150542A1 (en) * 2017-02-17 2018-08-23 中国電力株式会社 Method for operating boiler in coal-fired power generation facility
CN121086821B (en) * 2025-08-07 2026-04-21 华中科技大学 Method for removing impurities in coal

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56166299A (en) * 1980-04-30 1981-12-21 Kobe Steel Ltd Modifying method of coal containing alkaline earth metal and alkali metal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS62174295A (en) 1987-07-31

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