JPH07111456B2 - Polarization-maintaining optical fiber type magnetic field sensor - Google Patents
Polarization-maintaining optical fiber type magnetic field sensorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07111456B2 JPH07111456B2 JP4110093A JP11009392A JPH07111456B2 JP H07111456 B2 JPH07111456 B2 JP H07111456B2 JP 4110093 A JP4110093 A JP 4110093A JP 11009392 A JP11009392 A JP 11009392A JP H07111456 B2 JPH07111456 B2 JP H07111456B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polarization
- optical fiber
- maintaining optical
- light
- magnetic field
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、偏波面保存光ファイバ
型磁界センサに関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a polarization-maintaining optical fiber type magnetic field sensor.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】図２は、従来の偏波面保存光ファイバ型
磁界センサを示し、１は光源，９は偏光子，１０及び１
１は偏波面保存光ファイバ，５はファラデー素子，１２
は検光子，１３は受光素子である。2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 2 shows a conventional polarization-maintaining optical fiber type magnetic field sensor, 1 is a light source, 9 is a polarizer, and 10 and 1.
1 is a polarization maintaining optical fiber, 5 is a Faraday element, 12
Is an analyzer, and 13 is a light receiving element.
【０００３】光源１より出た光は偏光子９により直線偏
光となり、偏波面保存光ファイバ１０に導かれる。Light emitted from the light source 1 is linearly polarized by the polarizer 9 and guided to the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 10.
【０００４】この光が、測定磁界中に置かれたファラデ
ー素子５を通過する際に、偏光面の回転を生じる。偏光
面の回転を受けた光は、偏波面保存光ファイバ１１を経
て検光子１２を通して受光素子１３に達する。When this light passes through the Faraday element 5 placed in the measurement magnetic field, the polarization plane is rotated. The light whose polarization plane has been rotated reaches the light receiving element 13 through the analyzer 12 through the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 11.
【０００５】このとき、検光子１２は偏光子９と直角に
なるように配置される。At this time, the analyzer 12 is arranged so as to be perpendicular to the polarizer 9.
【０００６】このような偏波面保存光ファイバ型磁界セ
ンサであれば、磁界強度に対応した出力を得ることがで
き、しかも偏波面保存光ファイバを用いているので、測
定磁界から遠く離れた位置に光源や受光素子を配置して
も測定精度の高いものであった。With such a polarization-maintaining optical fiber type magnetic field sensor, an output corresponding to the magnetic field strength can be obtained, and since the polarization-maintaining optical fiber is used, it can be placed at a position far from the measured magnetic field. Even if the light source and the light receiving element were arranged, the measurement accuracy was high.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、この従来の偏
波面保存光ファイバ型磁界センサには、次のような欠点
があった。However, this conventional polarization-maintaining optical fiber type magnetic field sensor has the following drawbacks.
【０００８】すなわち、(1) 光源の出力変動があった
り、温度変化等によって光ファイバの伝送特性が変化し
たりすると、測定値に誤差が生じる。(2) ファラデー素
子の両側に２本の偏波面保存光ファイバを必要とするた
め、取扱いの上で不便である。本発明は斯かる状況に鑑
み、光源の出力変動や温度変化等による光ファイバの伝
送特性の変化に対して安定であり、１本の偏波面保存光
ファイバだけで取扱いに便利な偏波面保存光ファイバ型
磁界センサを提供することを目的とする。That is, (1) If the output of the light source fluctuates or the transmission characteristic of the optical fiber changes due to temperature change or the like, an error occurs in the measured value. (2) Two polarization maintaining optical fibers are required on both sides of the Faraday element, which is inconvenient to handle. In view of such a situation, the present invention is stable with respect to changes in the transmission characteristics of optical fibers due to output fluctuations of the light source, changes in temperature, and the like, and a polarization-maintaining optical fiber that is convenient to handle with only one polarization-maintaining optical fiber. An object is to provide a fiber type magnetic field sensor.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、光源，偏波面
保存光ファイバ，ファラデー素子及び受光素子を用いた
偏波面保存光ファイバ型磁界センサにおいて、光源と偏
波面保存光ファイバの一方端との間に、光源からの光を
偏波面保存光ファイバの固有偏光軸に対し４５°の角度
をもつ直線偏光として入射させるための偏光装置が設け
られており、偏波面保存光ファイバの他方端と該偏波面
保存光ファイバの他方端側に設けられたファラデー素子
との間には、１／４波長板がその軸が偏波面保存光ファ
イバ３の固有偏光軸に対し４５°の角度になるように配
置されており、ファラデー素子の他方の側には反射板が
設けられ、反射板６により反射されて偏波面保存光ファ
イバ３内を戻ってきた光は、偏光装置２によって分離さ
れ、偏波面保存光ファイバ３の一方端側に設けられた受
光素子７で検出されることを特徴とするものである。Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention relates to a light source, polarization-maintaining optical fiber, the polarization-maintaining optical fiber type magnetic field sensor using the Faraday element and the light receiving element, and one end of the light source and the polarization-maintaining optical fiber between the light from the light source polarizer is provided for causing the incident as linearly polarized light having an angle of 45 ° to specific polarized axes of the polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the other end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber The plane of polarization
Between the Faraday element provided on the other end side of the storage optical fiber , a quarter-wave plate whose axis is a polarization-maintaining optical fiber is used.
To specific polarization axis of the driver 3 is arranged such that an angle of 45 °, reflector provided on the other side of the Faraday element, polarization-maintaining optical is reflected by the reflecting plate 6 fa
The returned light to the i server 3 is separated by the polarization unit 2, it is characterized in that detected by the light receiving element 7 which one is provided on the end side of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3.
【００１０】[0010]
【実施例】本発明の実施例を図１及び図３を参照して具
体的に説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
【００１１】図３において、１は光源，２は偏光装置，
３は偏波面保存光ファイバ，４は１／４波長板，５はフ
ァラデー素子，６は反射板である。In FIG. 3, 1 is a light source, 2 is a polarizing device,
Reference numeral 3 is a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, 4 is a quarter-wave plate, 5 is a Faraday element, and 6 is a reflector.
【００１２】偏光装置２は、偏光子２１と光分岐器２２
と偏波分離形偏光子２３とから構成されている。The polarization device 2 includes a polarizer 21 and an optical splitter 22.
And a polarization splitting type polarizer 23.
【００１３】７' ，７''は受光素子である。Reference numerals 7'and 7 '' are light receiving elements.
【００１４】図１は、他の実施例を示し、図３に比較し
さらに構成を簡略にしたものである。 図１において
は、偏光装置２は偏波分離形偏光子２３のみによって構
成されている。FIG. 1 shows another embodiment, which is a simpler configuration than that of FIG. In FIG. 1, the polarization device 2 is composed of only a polarization separation type polarizer 23.
【００１５】各図において同一の符号は共通の構成要素
を示す。[0015] same reference numerals in each figure shows a common configuration elements <br/>.
【００１６】[0016]
【作用】図１の実施例において、光源１から出た光は、
偏波分離形偏光子２３により、偏波面保存光ファイバ３
の固有偏光軸に対し４５°の傾きをもつ直線偏光に変換
されて、偏波面保存光ファイバ３に入射される。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the light emitted from the light source 1 is
The polarization-separating polarizer 23 allows the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3
Is converted into linearly polarized light having an inclination of 45 ° with respect to the intrinsic polarization axis of and is incident on the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3.
【００１７】ここで、偏波面保存光ファイバ３は、公知
のように、固有偏光軸のうちＸ軸方向とＹ軸方向とで伝
播定数が異なり、入射直線偏光のＸ軸方向及びＹ軸方向
の成分は各々個別の直線偏波として偏波面保存光ファイ
バ３内を伝播する。Here, as is well known, the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3 has different propagation constants in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction among the intrinsic polarization axes, and the propagation constants in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the incident linearly polarized light are different. The components propagate in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3 as individual linearly polarized waves.
【００１８】この光は、さらに１／４波長板４により各
々円偏波光に変換され、ファラデー素子５を経て反射板
６によって反射される。This light is further converted into circularly polarized light by the quarter-wave plate 4, passes through the Faraday element 5, and is reflected by the reflecting plate 6.
【００１９】反射されて戻った光は、入射時と逆回りの
円偏波光となり、１／４波長板４により直線偏波光に変
換されて偏波面保存光ファイバ３内を戻る。The light reflected and returned becomes circularly polarized light having a reverse rotation to that at the time of incidence, is converted into linearly polarized light by the quarter wavelength plate 4, and returns inside the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3.
【００２０】この光は、偏波分離形偏光子２３によって
分離され受光素子７で検出される。ここで、最初に偏波
面保存光ファイバ３に入射する入射光の電界を(1) 式の
ように表示すれば、反射板６で反射された後再び偏波面
保存光ファイバ３内を通過して出射される光は(2) 式で
表示される。This light is separated by the polarization separation type polarizer 23 and detected by the light receiving element 7. Here, initially be displayed as the electric field of the incident light entering the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3 (1), it passes through again after being reflected by the reflection plate 6 polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3 The emitted light is expressed by equation (2).
【００２１】[0021]
【数１】 [Equation 1]
【００２２】[0022]
【数２】 [Equation 2]
【００２３】但し、Ａは入射光の電界の振巾であり、ｊ
βcw及びｊβccw はファラデー媒質中を伝播する円偏波
光の伝播定数であり、ｃｗは右回り、ｃｃｗは左回りを
示す。 又、ｌは偏波面保存光ファイバの長さであり、
Ｌはファラデー素子の長さである。Where A is the amplitude of the electric field of the incident light, and j
beta cw and Jbeta ccw are propagation constants of the circularly polarized light propagating in the Faraday medium, cw is about right, ccw indicates a counterclockwise. Also, l is the length of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber,
L is the length of the Faraday element.
【００２４】一方、ファラデー素子内を伝播する円偏光
の伝播定数と印加磁界の間には(3)式の関係がある。On the other hand, there is a relationship of equation (3) between the propagation constant of circularly polarized light propagating in the Faraday element and the applied magnetic field.
【００２５】[0025]
【数３】 [Equation 3]
【００２６】ここで、Ｖｅはファラデー素子のベルデ定
数，Ｈは印加磁界である。Here, Ve is the Verdet constant of the Faraday element, and H is the applied magnetic field.
【００２７】従って、光電変換効率をｋとすると、受光
素子７の出力Ｐは(4) 式のようになる。Therefore, assuming that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is k, the output P of the light receiving element 7 is given by equation (4).
【００２８】[0028]
【数４】 [Equation 4]
【００２９】この出力Ｐは偏波面保存光ファイバの伝送
損失αｘ，αｙおよび長さｌ以外には、偏波面保存光フ
ァイバの特性には依存せず独立である。The output P is independent of the characteristics of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber except for the transmission losses αx, αy and the length 1 of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber.
【００３０】また、図３の実施例においては、偏光子２
１と光分波器２２とを用いて偏波面保存光ファイバ３に
直線偏光を入射し、図１の実施例と同様にして出射して
来た光を光分岐器２２で分岐し、偏波分離形偏光子２３
により２つの直交偏波に分離して受光素子７' ，７''に
よって検出する。受光素子７' ，７''によって検出され
る出力をそれぞれＰ1 ，Ｐ2 とすれば、(5) 式，(6) 式
のように表わされる。Further, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the polarizer 2
1 and the optical demultiplexer 22, linearly polarized light is input to the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3, and the light emitted in the same manner as in the embodiment of FIG. Separated polarizer 23
Are separated into two orthogonal polarized waves by and are detected by the light receiving elements 7'and 7 ''. Letting P 1 and P 2 be the outputs detected by the light receiving elements 7 ′ and 7 ″, respectively, they can be expressed as in equations (5) and (6).
【００３１】[0031]
【数５】 [Equation 5]
【００３２】[0032]
【数６】 [Equation 6]
【００３３】従って、これを信号処理回路（図示せず）
によって処理することにより、次の値を得ることができ
る。Therefore, this is a signal processing circuit (not shown).
The following values can be obtained by processing with.
【００３４】[0034]
【数７】 [Equation 7]
【００３５】すなわち、(7) 式より明らかなように光源
や伝送路の特性変化の影響を受けない磁界計測が可能で
ある。That is, as is clear from the equation (7), it is possible to measure the magnetic field without being affected by the characteristic changes of the light source and the transmission line.
【００３６】[0036]
【他の実施例】次に本発明の他の実施例を図４を参照し
て説明する。Another Embodiment Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
【００３７】図４において、図３と同一の符号を付した
ものは同一の構成要素を示し、偏光装置２において光分
岐器２２と偏波分離形偏光子２３との間に１／４波長板
２４が設けられている点が図３の実施例とは異なってい
る。In FIG. 4, components designated by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 3 represent the same components, and in the polarization device 2, a quarter wavelength plate is provided between the optical splitter 22 and the polarization splitting type polarizer 23. The difference from the embodiment of FIG. 3 is that 24 is provided.
【００３８】このように１／４波長板を設けることによ
り、出力がcos からsin に変わるため、微小磁界の検出
精度が大幅に向上することになる。By providing the quarter-wave plate in this manner, the output changes from cos to sin, so that the detection accuracy of the minute magnetic field is significantly improved.
【００３９】従って検出対象が極めて微小な値であると
きは、図３の実施例より図４の実施例の構成が優れてい
ることになる。Therefore, when the object to be detected has an extremely small value, the configuration of the embodiment of FIG. 4 is superior to the embodiment of FIG.
【００４０】[0040]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の偏波面保
存光ファイバ型磁界センサであれば次のような顕著な効
果を奏する。As described above, the polarization-maintaining optical fiber type magnetic field sensor of the present invention has the following remarkable effects.
【００４１】(1) 温度変化等により光源や光ファイバ伝
送路の特性変化があっても影響がなく安定である。(1) Even if there is a change in the characteristics of the light source or the optical fiber transmission line due to a change in temperature or the like, it is stable without any influence.
【００４２】(2) 1/4 波長板により、ファラデー素子部
では円偏光を、偏波面保存光ファイバ部では直交偏波伝
送を利用し、１本の偏波面保存光ファイバで送受光伝送
路を共用することができ、実装が容易で取扱いに便利で
ある。(2) With the 1/4 wavelength plate, circular polarization is used in the Faraday element section, and orthogonal polarization transmission is used in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber section. It can be shared, easy to implement and convenient to handle.
【図１】本発明の一実施例を示す説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】従来の偏波面保存光ファイバ型磁界センサを示
す説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a conventional polarization-maintaining optical fiber type magnetic field sensor.
【図３】本発明の他の実施例を示す説明図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の他の実施例を示す説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the present invention.
１ 光源 ２ 偏光装置 ３ 偏波面保存光ファイバ ４ １／４波長板 ５ ファラデー素子 ６ 反射板 ７，７' ，７'' 受光素子 ２１ 偏光子 ２２ 光分岐器 ２３ 偏波分離形偏光子 ２４ １／４波長板 1 Light source 2 Polarizer 3 Polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 1/4 Wave plate 5 Faraday element 6 Reflector 7, 7 ', 7' 'Light receiving element 21 Polarizer 22 Optical splitter 23 Polarization separation type polarizer 24 1 / 4-wave plate
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭60−69573（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭57−161661（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭59−19875（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特公 昭50−13669（ＪＰ，Ｂ２) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── --Continued from the front page (56) References JP-A-60-69573 (JP, A) JP-A-57-161661 (JP, A) JP-A-59-19875 (JP, A) JP-B-50- 13669 (JP, B2)
Claims (1)
デー素子５及び受光素子７を用いた偏波面保存光ファイ
バ型磁界センサにおいて、光源１と、偏波面保存光ファ
イバ３の一方端との間に、光源１からの光を偏波面保存
光ファイバ３の固有偏光軸に対し４５°の角度をもつ直
線偏光として入射させるための偏光装置２が設けられて
おり、偏波面保存光ファイバ３の他方端と該偏波面保存
光ファイバ３の他方端側に設けられたファラデー素子５
との間には、１／４波長板４がその軸が偏波面保存光フ
ァイバ３の固有偏光軸に対し４５°の角度になるように
配置されており、ファラデー素子５の他方の側には反射
板６が設けられ、反射板６により反射されて偏波面保存
光ファイバ３内を戻ってきた光は、偏光装置２によって
分離され、偏波面保存光ファイバ３の一方端側に設けら
れた受光素子７で検出されることを特徴とする偏波面保
存光ファイバ型磁界センサ。1. A polarization-maintaining optical fiber type magnetic field sensor using a light source 1, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3, a Faraday element 5 and a light-receiving element 7, wherein a light source 1 and one end of a polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3 are provided. A polarization device 2 for causing light from the light source 1 to enter as linearly polarized light having an angle of 45 ° with respect to the intrinsic polarization axis of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3 is provided between the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3 and the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3 . Preserving the polarization plane at the other end
Faraday element 5 provided on the other end side of optical fiber 3
And between, are arranged so as quarter-wave plate 4 is at an angle of 45 ° to specific polarization axis of the shaft is polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3, the other side of the Faraday element 5 The reflection plate 6 is provided, and the light reflected by the reflection plate 6 and returning in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3 is separated by the polarization device 2 and is received by the one end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 3. A polarization-maintaining optical fiber type magnetic field sensor which is detected by an element 7.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4110093A JPH07111456B2 (en) | 1992-04-28 | 1992-04-28 | Polarization-maintaining optical fiber type magnetic field sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4110093A JPH07111456B2 (en) | 1992-04-28 | 1992-04-28 | Polarization-maintaining optical fiber type magnetic field sensor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0720217A JPH0720217A (en) | 1995-01-24 |
| JPH07111456B2 true JPH07111456B2 (en) | 1995-11-29 |
Family
ID=14526855
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4110093A Expired - Fee Related JPH07111456B2 (en) | 1992-04-28 | 1992-04-28 | Polarization-maintaining optical fiber type magnetic field sensor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07111456B2 (en) |
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| WO2020161952A1 (en) * | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-13 | シチズンファインデバイス株式会社 | Magnetic field sensor device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3690466A4 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2021-06-23 | Citizen Finedevice Co., Ltd. | MAGNETIC SENSOR ELEMENT AND MAGNETIC SENSOR DEVICE |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0249667B2 (en) * | 1983-09-26 | 1990-10-30 | Fujitsu Ltd | JIKIKOGAKUSOCHI |
-
1992
- 1992-04-28 JP JP4110093A patent/JPH07111456B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020161952A1 (en) * | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-13 | シチズンファインデバイス株式会社 | Magnetic field sensor device |
| EP3923011A4 (en) * | 2019-02-05 | 2022-11-02 | Citizen Finedevice Co., Ltd. | MAGNETIC FIELD SENSOR DEVICE |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0720217A (en) | 1995-01-24 |
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