JPH07113600B2 - Performance evaluation method of tubular permeable membrane - Google Patents
Performance evaluation method of tubular permeable membraneInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07113600B2 JPH07113600B2 JP6453090A JP6453090A JPH07113600B2 JP H07113600 B2 JPH07113600 B2 JP H07113600B2 JP 6453090 A JP6453090 A JP 6453090A JP 6453090 A JP6453090 A JP 6453090A JP H07113600 B2 JPH07113600 B2 JP H07113600B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- permeable membrane
- liquid
- velocity
- permeation
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は原液を気液混合の二相流として処理する管状透
過膜の性能を評価する方法に関する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the performance of a tubular permeable membrane for treating a stock solution as a gas-liquid mixed two-phase flow.
（従来の技術） 排水や下水を処理する嫌気性菌体をクリアクタ内に高濃
度に保持したり、食品工業における溶液の分離、濃縮等
を行なう方法として、従来から管状透過膜を用いた方法
が知られている。(Conventional technology) Conventionally, a method using a tubular permeable membrane has been used as a method for maintaining a high concentration of anaerobic bacterial cells for treating wastewater and sewage in a reactor and for separating and concentrating solutions in the food industry. Are known.
特に管状透過膜の一次側に供給する原液を気液混合の二
相流として、乱流促進効果によって膜表面に付着した微
粒子や溶質成分からなるゲル層を掻き落として透過流速
を大きくするようにした方法が特開昭63−104609号とし
て提案されている。In particular, the stock solution supplied to the primary side of the tubular permeable membrane is made into a two-phase flow of gas-liquid mixing, and the turbulent flow promoting effect is used to scrape off the gel layer consisting of fine particles and solute components to increase the permeation flow rate. This method is proposed as Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-104609.
（発明が解決しようとする課題） 気液二相流は気相と液相の分布が不均一となった複雑な
流れを呈し、気相の流速と液相の流速との和として定義
されるみかけの二相流速を増大させても、これが透過流
速を増大することには結びつかないことが実験の結果判
明している。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) A gas-liquid two-phase flow exhibits a complicated flow in which the distribution of the gas phase and the liquid phase is non-uniform, and is defined as the sum of the flow velocity of the gas phase and the flow velocity of the liquid phase. Experiments have shown that increasing the apparent two-phase flow rate does not lead to increasing the permeation flow rate.
したがって従来において装置の設計や運転条件の決定を
行なうことには、管状透過膜をモジュールに装着し原液
と気液混合の二相流として運転することで透過流速を測
定しており、時間と手間がかかっている。Therefore, in the past, in order to design the device and determine the operating conditions, the permeation flow rate was measured by mounting the tubular permeable membrane on the module and operating it as a two-phase flow of the stock solution and the gas-liquid mixture. It depends.
（課題を解決するための手段） 上記課題を解決すべく本発明は、管状をなす透過膜と内
外径及び長さほぼ等しい同形状の透明管内の原液を気液
混合の二相流として供給し、前記透明管内を流れる液体
塊速度を高速度ビデオ装置等の撮像装置によって計測
し、この計測値から管状をなす透過膜の透過流束を推定
するようにした。(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to solve the above problems, the present invention supplies a stock solution in a transparent tube having the same shape as a tubular permeable membrane and an inner and outer diameter and a length that are substantially the same as a two-phase flow of gas-liquid mixing. The velocity of the liquid mass flowing in the transparent tube was measured by an imaging device such as a high-speed video device, and the permeation flux of the tubular permeable membrane was estimated from the measured value.
（作用） 原液を気液二相流として膜モジュールに供給し膜モジュ
ールを流れる気液二相流のみかけの二相流速と膜の透過
流速とは一定の関係にならないが、気液二相流体中の液
体塊速度と透過流束とは一定の相関関係を有する。そこ
でモジュールに透過膜を実際にセットせずに、透過膜と
径及び長さが等しい同形状の透明管に二相流を流し、こ
の二相流の液体塊速度を計測することで管状透過膜の性
能即ち透過流束を推定する。(Operation) The apparent two-phase flow velocity and the permeation velocity of the membrane do not have a constant relationship, although the undiluted liquid is supplied to the membrane module as a gas-liquid two-phase flow and flows through the membrane module. The liquid mass velocity and the permeation flux in the liquid have a certain correlation. Therefore, without actually setting the permeable membrane in the module, the two-phase flow is made to flow through a transparent tube of the same shape and diameter as the permeable membrane, and the liquid lump velocity of this two-phase flow is measured to make the tubular permeable membrane. Estimate the performance, that is, the permeation flux.
（実施例） 以下に本発明の実施例を添付図面に基いて説明する。(Example) Below, the Example of this invention is described based on an accompanying drawing.
第１図は本発明に係る評価方法を実施するための装置の
全体図、第２図はみかけの二相流速度を透過流束及び液
体塊速度との関係を示すグラフ、第３図は透過流束と実
測液体塊速度との相関を示すグラフである。FIG. 1 is an overall view of an apparatus for carrying out the evaluation method according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between apparent two-phase flow velocity, permeation flux and liquid mass velocity, and FIG. 3 is permeation. 6 is a graph showing a correlation between a flux and an actually measured liquid mass velocity.
１次供給タンク１内には原液２が満たされ、また１次供
給タンク１には撹拌装置３と温度コントローラ４を設け
るとともに、１次供給タンク１内の原液２をポンプ５に
よって汲み上げ配管６を介して２次供給タンク７に送り
込むようにしている。The primary supply tank 1 is filled with the stock solution 2, and the primary supply tank 1 is provided with a stirrer 3 and a temperature controller 4, and the stock solution 2 in the primary supply tank 1 is pumped by a pump 5 to a pipe 6. It is sent to the secondary supply tank 7 via.
また２次供給タンク７の底部からは下方に向って降下管
８を導出し、この降下管８の下端を湾曲して上昇管９に
接続し、この上昇管９の途中に気液混合器10を設け、こ
の気液混合器10の上方に流動観察用モジュール11、12を
接続し、上方の流動観察用モジュール12に性能評価を行
なう透過膜と同一形状即ち径寸法と長さ寸法においてほ
ぼ等しい透明管をハウジングに装着した評価用モジュー
ル13を接続し、評価用モジュール13と前記２次供給タン
ク７とを戻り管14でつなぐとともに、評価用モジュール
13の側方に撮像装置としての高速度ビデオ装置15を配置
している。Further, a descending pipe 8 is led out downward from the bottom of the secondary supply tank 7, the lower end of the descending pipe 8 is curved and connected to an ascending pipe 9, and a gas-liquid mixer 10 is provided in the middle of the ascending pipe 9. The flow observation modules 11 and 12 are connected to the upper side of the gas-liquid mixer 10, and the same shape as the permeable membrane whose performance is evaluated in the upper flow observation module 12 is substantially the same in diameter and length. An evaluation module 13 in which a transparent tube is mounted in a housing is connected, and the evaluation module 13 and the secondary supply tank 7 are connected by a return tube 14 and an evaluation module.
A high-speed video device 15 as an imaging device is arranged on the side of 13.
而して、上記の評価装置の使用方法について以下に説明
する。A method of using the above evaluation device will be described below.
先ず、ガスボンベ16から窒素ガス等をガス流量計17を介
して気液混合器10に送り込み、原液２をこの部分から気
液混合の二相流として上方に送り、評価用モジュール13
内の液体塊の速度を高速度ビデオ装置15によって計測す
る。First, nitrogen gas or the like is sent from the gas cylinder 16 to the gas-liquid mixer 10 via the gas flow meter 17, and the stock solution 2 is sent upward from this part as a two-phase flow of gas-liquid mixing, and the evaluation module 13
The velocity of the liquid mass inside is measured by the high-speed video device 15.
以上によって計測した液体塊速度（UL［m/s］と透過流
速（Ｊ［m3/m2・day］）との関係をみかけの二相流速
（Ugo＋U1o［m/s］）を基準として示したのが第２図の
グラフである。尚、透過流速の測定を行なうには第１図
の撮像装置18を透過性能測定装置19に取替えて行なう。
即ち、評価用モジュール13の透明管の膜に置き換えた膜
モジュール23の２次側に透過して出てきた透過液を真空
ポンプ20によって減圧されている集水タンク21に集め、
この集水タンク21の重量増加速度を電子天秤22で計測す
ることで求める。The two-phase flow velocity (Ugo + U 1 o [m / s]), which is the apparent relation between the liquid mass velocity (U L [m / s] and the permeation velocity (J [m 3 / m 2 · day]), measured by the above The graph shown as a reference is shown in Fig. 2. The permeation velocity is measured by replacing the imaging device 18 in Fig. 1 with the permeation performance measuring device 19.
That is, the permeated liquid that has permeated to the secondary side of the membrane module 23 replaced with the transparent tube membrane of the evaluation module 13 is collected in the water collection tank 21 whose pressure is reduced by the vacuum pump 20,
The weight increase rate of the water collection tank 21 is obtained by measuring with the electronic balance 22.
ここで、上記の関係を求めるために行なった実験条件は
以下の通である。Here, the experimental conditions performed to obtain the above relationship are as follows.
透明管；外形6mm×内径4mm×長さ500mmのガラス管 透過膜；寸法が外径5.3mm×内径3.8mm×長さ500mmで平
均細孔径が0.14μｍの管状セラミック膜 原液;0.9％生理食塩水に乾燥パン酵母を分散させた懸濁
液 パン酵母濃度;10kg.m-3 温度;25℃ 膜間差圧;60kPa 気液混合器；金網製散気筒、スタティックミキサ、混合
器無装着 第２図からは気液混合器の種類或いは有無にかかわらず
液体塊速度ULと透過流束Ｊとが一定の相関関係にあるこ
とが分る。Transparent tube; Glass tube with outer diameter 6 mm x inner diameter 4 mm x length 500 mm Permeable membrane; Tubular ceramic membrane with outer diameter 5.3 mm x inner diameter 3.8 mm x length 500 mm and average pore diameter 0.14 μm Undiluted solution: 0.9% saline Suspension in which dried baker's yeast is dispersed. Concentration of baker's yeast; 10kg.m -3 temperature; 25 ℃ Transmembrane pressure difference; 60kPa gas-liquid mixer; wire mesh cylinder, static mixer, without mixer. From the above, it can be seen that the liquid mass velocity UL and the permeation flux J have a constant correlation regardless of the type or presence of the gas-liquid mixer.
第２図のグラフより、透過流束Ｊと実測液体塊速度ULと
を読み取り、第３図のグラフを作成した。第３図のグラ
フより、透過流速Ｊと実測液体塊速度ULとの間には、 Ｊ＝0.92・UL−0.60 の直線式が得られ、よい相関が得られた。このように、
透過流束Ｊと実測液体塊速度ULとがよい相関関係にある
ということは、透過流束Ｊが実測液体塊速度ULで支配さ
ていることを示す。一方みかけの二相流速（Ugo＋Ulo）
では、二相流速を増大させても、これが透過流束Ｊを増
大することに結びついていない。したがって透過流束Ｊ
はみかけの二相流速の条件を広範囲に変更し取得する必
要があるため濾過実験に手間と時間がかかっている。と
ころがULであればＪと比例関係にあることから、濾過実
験を行うことなく短時間のうちに低動力で高い透過流速
が得られる運転条件が決定される。いいかえれば、透過
流速が頭打ちになる運転条件が容易に見つけられる。し
かもULであれば、経時的に連続して透過流束を測定する
ことができるので、透過流束即ち透過量の制御が行え
る。The permeation flux J and the measured liquid mass velocity U L were read from the graph of FIG. 2 to create the graph of FIG. From the graph of FIG. 3, between the permeation rate J and the measured liquid mass velocity U L, J = 0.92 · linear equation of U L -0.60 is obtained, a good correlation was obtained. in this way,
The good correlation between the permeation flux J and the measured liquid mass velocity U L indicates that the permeation flux J is governed by the measured liquid mass velocity U L. On the other hand, apparent two-phase flow velocity (U go + U lo ).
Then, increasing the two-phase flow rate does not lead to increasing the permeation flux J. Therefore, the permeation flux J
Since it is necessary to widely change the condition of the apparent two-phase flow velocity and acquire it, the filtration experiment takes time and effort. However, U L is in a proportional relationship with J, so that the operating conditions that can obtain a high permeation flow velocity with low power in a short time without conducting a filtration experiment are determined. In other words, it is easy to find the operating conditions where the permeation velocity reaches the ceiling. Moreover, with U L , since the permeation flux can be continuously measured over time, the permeation flux, that is, the permeation amount can be controlled.
つまり、みかけの二相流速（Ugo＋U1o［m/s］）からは
膜の透過流束を推定することができないが、液体塊速度
ULからは透過流束Ｊを推定することができる。In other words, the permeation flux of the membrane cannot be estimated from the apparent two-phase flow velocity (Ugo + U 1 o [m / s]), but the liquid mass velocity
The permeation flux J can be estimated from U L.
ここで、透過膜の透過流束は当然のことながら膜厚、膜
の平均孔径等によって異なることとなる。したがって、
各種膜厚及び平均孔径等に対応して、液体塊速度と透過
流束との相関関係を予め明らかにしておき、各々の膜厚
及び平均孔径毎に透過流束を推定する。Here, the permeation flux of the permeable membrane naturally varies depending on the film thickness, the average pore diameter of the membrane, and the like. Therefore,
Correlation between the liquid mass velocity and the permeation flux is clarified in advance corresponding to various film thicknesses and average pore diameters, and the permeation flux is estimated for each membrane thickness and average pore diameter.
尚、実施例としては高速度ビデオ装置を撮像装置として
示したが、この他に工業用テレビやプルーブ等を用いて
もよい。Although the high-speed video device is shown as the image pickup device in the embodiment, an industrial television, a probe or the like may be used instead.
（効果） 以上に説明したように本発明によれば、気液混合の二相
流の流体塊速度と膜の透過流束とが一定の相関関係を有
することを見出し、この関係を利用して二相流中の液体
塊の速度を高速度ビデオ装置等の撮像装置によって計測
し、この計測値から膜の透過流束を推定するようにした
ので、いちいち膜をモジュールにセットせずに膜の透過
流束を正確に予測することができ、装置の設計及び運転
条件の決定が楽に行なえる。(Effect) As described above, according to the present invention, it was found that the fluid mass velocity of the two-phase flow of gas-liquid mixing and the permeation flux of the membrane have a constant correlation, and this relationship is utilized. The velocity of the liquid mass in the two-phase flow was measured by an imaging device such as a high-speed video device, and the permeation flux of the membrane was estimated from this measurement value. The permeation flux can be accurately predicted, and the design of the device and the determination of operating conditions can be performed easily.
第１図は本発明に係る評価方法を実施するための装置の
全体図、第２図はみかけの二相流速度と透過流束及び液
体塊速度との関係を示すグラフ、第３図は透過流束と実
測液体塊速度との相関を示すグラフである。 尚、図面中１は１次供給タンク、２は原液、７は２次供
給タンク、10は気液混合器、13は評価用モジュールであ
る。FIG. 1 is an overall view of an apparatus for carrying out the evaluation method according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between apparent two-phase flow velocity, permeation flux and liquid mass velocity, and FIG. 3 is permeation. 6 is a graph showing a correlation between a flux and an actually measured liquid mass velocity. In the drawing, 1 is a primary supply tank, 2 is a stock solution, 7 is a secondary supply tank, 10 is a gas-liquid mixer, and 13 is an evaluation module.
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 吉野 成 神奈川県茅ケ崎市本村２丁目８番１号 東 陶機器株式会社茅ケ崎工場内Front page continuation (72) Inventor Shigeru Yoshino 2-8-1, Motomura, Chigasaki-shi, Kanagawa Totoki Co., Ltd. Chigasaki factory
Claims (1)
等しい同形状の透明管内に原液を気液混合の二相流とし
て供給し、前記透明管内を流れる液体塊速度を撮像装置
によって計測し、この計測値から管状をなす透過膜の透
過流束を推定するようにしたことを特徴とする管状透過
膜の性能評価方法。1. A stock solution is supplied as a two-phase flow of a gas-liquid mixture into a transparent tube of the same shape as the tubular permeable membrane, the inner and outer diameters and length of which are substantially the same, and the liquid mass velocity flowing in the transparent tube is measured by an imaging device. A method for evaluating the performance of a tubular permeable membrane, which comprises measuring and estimating a permeation flux of a tubular permeable membrane from the measured value.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6453090A JPH07113600B2 (en) | 1990-03-15 | 1990-03-15 | Performance evaluation method of tubular permeable membrane |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6453090A JPH07113600B2 (en) | 1990-03-15 | 1990-03-15 | Performance evaluation method of tubular permeable membrane |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03264844A JPH03264844A (en) | 1991-11-26 |
| JPH07113600B2 true JPH07113600B2 (en) | 1995-12-06 |
Family
ID=13260869
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6453090A Expired - Fee Related JPH07113600B2 (en) | 1990-03-15 | 1990-03-15 | Performance evaluation method of tubular permeable membrane |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07113600B2 (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-03-15 JP JP6453090A patent/JPH07113600B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH03264844A (en) | 1991-11-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |