JPH0715174B2 - Dredging method - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a dredging method, and in particular, it collects sediment or sludge accumulated on the bottom of water such as a pond, a swamp, or a river canal in a sediment tank to perform dredging. It is about how to do it.

(Prior art) In order to collect the sediment or sludge on the bottom of ponds, swamps, and river channels, until now, the water was first discharged by a pump, and then the sediment or sludge was transported by Trotco or a belt conveyor. It has been adopted a lot. This method is not efficient because it discharges water and sediment or sludge by different means. In addition, the installation of Trotco or a belt conveyor is not only costly and labor-intensive, but another equipment and labor is required to put the earth and sand or sludge on it, and further work progresses. Since the trolley or the belt conveyor has to be moved together with this, this method is more expensive and troublesome, and is inefficient.

To remove sludge accumulated at the bottom of a sewer pipe, etc., put a scraper or bucket machine with a string inside the sewer pipe and pull the string to move the scraper or bucket in the sewer pipe. A method was used in which the sludge was scraped and then the collected sludge was pulled up. This method requires not only a scraper or a bucket, but also a device for moving the scraper and a device for pulling up sludge, which makes the equipment expensive and it is difficult to scrape the sludge completely.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) As described above, the conventional dredging method requires a special device depending on the place and the object to be dredged, and the device is expensive and requires troublesome labor. There was a drawback that
The present invention was made in an effort to provide a dredging method that does not have such drawbacks. That is, in order to provide a method that can be dredged efficiently and easily using a device that can be used in a wide area and that is easy to install and move,
It was made.

(Means for Solving the Problem) The present invention is based on the principle that an object to be dredged is moved along with the flow of air. As a means for this, the present invention connects a suction hose to a suction device via a earth and sand tank, causes an air flow in the suction hose by the operation of the suction device, and places an object to be dredged on the air flow. The idea is to move them and collect them in the sediment tank.

Generally, when an attempt is made to transport a sludge containing a large amount of water by suction from a suction hose, the suction hose is immediately blocked by the sludge, making it impossible to transport the sludge. Therefore, it was decided that the sludge should not be transported by suction until now, and the sludge should be transported under pressure instead. However, it has been found that sludge can be transported by introducing air not only from the tip of the suction hose but also from the middle of the suction hose.

Even if air was introduced from the middle of the suction hose, when the tip of the suction hose was completely buried in the sludge, the arrow-tight suction hose was blocked by the sludge and could not be transported. For example, when it was left buried for 2-3 minutes, the suction hose was completely blocked. However, if the tip opening of the suction hose is always located on the surface of the sludge so that the opening exists at the boundary between air and sludge, the sludge can be smoothly sucked into the hose for a long time without blocking the suction hose. Found out to go. In addition, even if the hose opening is completely buried in the sludge,
It has been found that the sludge can be transported smoothly if the opening is exposed to the air immediately after a short time of 3 minutes or less. The present invention was made based on such knowledge.

According to the present invention, air is drawn from the tip of the suction hose through the earth and sand tank to the suction machine by suction of the suction machine, and the tip opening of the suction hose is dredged while auxiliary air is introduced into the hose from the middle of the suction hose. Characterized by being located at the boundary between the thing to be drowned and the air above it, the object to be dredged is sucked together with air from the tip of the suction hose, and the dredged material that has passed through the suction hose is settled in the sediment tank and collected. And the dredging method.

(Embodiment) The following will explain one embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a bird's eye view showing the state of dredging a pond according to the present invention, and FIG.
It is a partially expanded perspective view in the figure. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the device for explaining the operation of a part of the device shown in FIG. Fourth
The drawing is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the inside of the sewer pipe is dredged according to the method of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a part of another device that can be used in the present invention.

In FIG. 1, the pond A stores the substance B to be dredged, but the substance B to be dredged was originally deposited in the pond A under the water as sludge or earth and sand. The tip of the suction hose 1 is held by the worker D. The rear end of the suction hose 1 passes through the earth and sand tank 3 or 4,
It is connected to the separators 6, 7, 8 and the suction device 9. In this way, the air is sucked from the tip of the suction hose 1 by the operation of the suction device 9.

Although the tip of the suction hose is not shown in detail in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 shows the detail of the tip of the suction hose. In FIG. 2, a tip tube is provided at the tip of the suction hose 1.
11 are attached. The tip tube 11 has approximately the same diameter as the suction hose 1 and is made of a hard material, for example metal, especially iron. On the other hand, the suction hose 1 is made of a soft material,
Particularly made of flexible synthetic resin.

The tip tube 11 has an opening 12 at the tip, and an air introduction tube 13 at a position slightly rearward of the opening 12 toward the back end. The air introducing pipe 13 has an inner diameter smaller than that of the tip pipe 11, its tip is fixed on the tube wall of the tip pipe 11 and communicates with the tip pipe 11, and the rear end of the air introducing pipe 13 is air. Connected to pipe 14. A valve is attached to the air introduction pipe 13,
The pressurized air from the air tube 14 can be adjusted. Further, the tip tube 11 is provided with a support portion 15 on the outer periphery thereof so that the worker D can easily hold it.

The opening 12 of the tip tube 11 is placed toward the interface between the object 8 to be dredged and the air located above it. In other words, the lower part of the opening 12 is immersed in the object 8 to be dredged, while the upper part of the opening 12 is above the surface of the object 8 to be dredged and exposed in the air. The worker D holds the support portion 15 and causes the opening 12 to maintain such a state.

When the suction device 9 is operated as shown in FIG. 1 while the pressurized air is sent from the air pipe 14 while maintaining the state shown in FIG. 2, dredging can be performed easily. That is,
Since the suction device 9 is composed of one type of blower, when the suction device 9 is operated, the suction hose 1 continuously sucks air from the opening 12 and causes a flow of air therein.
Along with that, the object B to be dredged is also carried. At that time, the material B to be dredged is disturbed by the pressurized air from the air introduction pipe 13 and crushed into small particles, and in the crushed state, advances toward the earth and sand tanks 3 and 4 in the suction hose.

A switching valve 2 is provided at the rear of the suction hose 1, but the switching valve 2 is provided only for guiding the air flow to one of the earth and sand tanks 3 or 4. That is, in order to continue the dredging without stopping the air flow while discharging the sediment accumulated in the sediment tank, two sediment tanks 3 and 4 are provided in parallel, and one sediment tank is opened and the sediment is opened. In order to store the earth and sand in the other earth and sand tank while discharging, the switching valve 2 is provided to switch the flow. The same applies to the switching valve 5. Inside the earth and sand tanks 3 and 4, the air flow from the suction hose 1 enters from the bottom of the tank, swirls along the side wall of the tank, and then exits from the top of the tank. Therefore, the dredged material B carried on the air flow is settled by the power in the tank, accumulated in the tank, and only the air is discharged from the upper part of the tank. Tank 3
If necessary, the dredged material B accumulated in 4 and 4 will be discharged from the pipe 31, for example, and discharged from the pipe 31, and only the earth and sand or sludge will be discharged from the lower part of the tank and carried by the vehicle E. .

The air flow exiting the earth and sand tank 3 or 4 does not usually contain a large mass of dredged material B. However, the fine particles in the dredged material B may be carried by the air flow and discharged from the upper part of the tank. Therefore, in order to prevent fine particles from entering the aspirator 9, separators 6, 7, 8 are attached.

These separators act to separate fine particles from air based on the cyclone principle. As shown in FIG. 3, the action is such that air is fed by the arrow y in the first separator 6.
In the direction of the arrow, to settle and remove dust with a slightly larger particle size among the fine particles according to the cyclone principle, and then in the separator 7, let air flow in the direction of the arrow y and let air pass through the water. Small dust is removed, and after that, vacuum suction is performed by a suction device, for example, a roots blower 9, and finally, residual dust is further removed by the separator 8 and the sound is silenced and discharged into the air.

The method of the present invention can be used not only for dredging a pond as shown in FIG. 1 but also for dredging sludge accumulated in a sewer pipe as shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, sludge C is accumulated in the sewer pipe F together with the sewage to form a dredged material B. The method of the present invention can also be used to take out the dredged material B. That is, a tip tube 11 is attached to the tip of the suction hose 1, and the separators 6, 7, 8 and the suction device 9 are passed through the back and forth alligator and sand tanks 3 and 4 of the suction hose 1.
And are connected to allow air to flow in the direction of arrow y. Further, an air introduction pipe 13 is attached to the tip pipe 11, and an air pipe 14 is connected thereto to pressurize the pressurized air into the tip pipe 11. In this state, when the tip of the tip tube 11 is directed to the surface of the sewage, the suction hose 1 sucks in water and sludge and deposits them in the earth and sand tank 3 or 4, similarly to the dredging of the pond described above. The accumulated sludge can be discharged onto the vehicle E.

The suction hose 1 is preferably a suction hose used in a vacuum cleaner. That is, a hose made of a soft synthetic resin, in which a wire made of a hard material is spirally fixed to the outer surface of the hose wall and reinforced by this, a hose which is entirely transparent or translucent is used. Is preferred. For example, those sold under the trade name of Canada Inn by Tota Kogyo Co., Ltd. are suitable.

The suction hose 1 having an inner diameter of 100-200 mm can be used. At this time, it is preferable to use, as the air introduction pipe 13, one having an inner diameter of 25 mm or less. Further, the position where the air introduction pipe 13 is attached is not limited to the position on the tip pipe 11, and may be in the middle of the suction hose, or may be in the middle of the suction hose to the earth and sand tank. However, the preferred installation position of the air introduction pipe 13 is the opening tip 12
200-1000 mm away from. In addition,
When a valve is provided in the air introduction pipe 13, it is desirable that the valve be capable of freely adjusting the amount of air passing therethrough.

The tip opening 12 of the suction hose 1 may be provided with a mesh around it in order to prevent it from being blocked by a large block of stone or the like. It is desirable for the mesh to pass through a mass that is two-thirds or less of the inner diameter of the suction hose 1, and above all, it is desirable to allow only a mass that is less than half the inner diameter of the hose to pass.

The rear end of the air introduction pipe 13 may not be connected to the air pipe 14. This is because when the air is sucked from the tip opening 12, the air is naturally sucked from the air introduction pipe 13.
Therefore, the rear end of the air introduction pipe 13 only needs to be opened to the air. However, when a large amount of viscous sludge is accumulated around the opening 12, the suction of sludge becomes poor, so it is necessary to forcibly introduce air from the air introduction pipe 13 to help the suction. Become. In particular, when the suction hose 1 is clogged with sludge, it is necessary to introduce pressurized air from the air introduction pipe.

A Roots blower is suitable as the suction device used in the present invention. The roots blower is a blower having a mechanism in which a plurality of rotary leaves mesh with each other and rotate to generate an air flow. In this invention, in order to generate a strong air flow,
It is desirable to use two roots blowers connected in series. Further, it is preferable to use a roots blower having a structure in which three rotary leaves are engaged with each other. In this invention, a large capacity blower is used as a suction device,
It is essential to generate a large volume and high velocity air flow in the suction hose 1.

The suction hose 1 can easily be extended if necessary, for example by means of a flange connection or a sleeve connection. When the suction hose 1 has a length of several meters, an air cock is provided on the way. The air cock can be used to introduce air from the air cock when necessary to remove the dirt or the sludge adhering to the wall surface of the suction hose 1. The air cock serves as a supply port for air that is supplementarily introduced from the middle of the suction hose. This way,
The suction hose 1 can be laid for a length of 400 meters, for example.

When the pressurized air is always introduced from the air inlet, the air inlet may not be opened and closed. However, when introducing naturally from the air introduction port, attach an opening / closing device to the air introduction port and normally narrow the opening so that it is introduced only when there is an abnormality, such as when suction of the suction hose becomes bad. Be able to open your mouth wide. In any case, the amount of air introduced from the air introduction port needs to be smaller than the amount of air introduced from the tip opening.
In this sense, it can be said that the introduction of air from the air introduction port is auxiliary.

When pressurized air is introduced from the air introduction port, it is sufficient to pressurize the air at 5 kg / cm ² or less.

As shown in FIG. 2, it is desirable that the tip end opening of the suction hose 1 be inclined so that the upper end projects forward and the lower end recedes backward. In that case, the degree of inclination is such that the plane connecting the open ends is 45 to 60 with respect to the horizontal plane.
It is preferable to form an angle of degrees.

In the method of the present invention, it is necessary to position the tip opening of the suction hose at the boundary between the object to be dredged and the air, but the positional relationship of the openings is not always required in the course of carrying out the dredging method. It is sufficient that the opening is located at the boundary between the dredged material and the air for most of the implementation time. For example,
For several minutes, even if the tip opening of the suction hose is embedded in the dredged material, it may be located at the boundary between the dredged material and the air for the next several minutes. That is, while the tip is embedded in the dredged material, the suction is reduced and the dredging is not performed smoothly.The dredging is performed while the tip opening is located at the boundary between the dredged material and the air. This is because the method of the present invention is eventually carried out.

In Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the dredged sand or sludge was once put in the sand tank 3 or 4 and then transferred to the car E for transportation, but it is shown in Fig. 5 instead. This is advantageous. In FIG. 5, the earth and sand tank 3 is directly mounted on the dump truck G, the suction hose 1 is directly connected to the earth and sand tank 3 on the dump truck G, and the earth and sand or sludge is placed directly on the dump truck G. The earth and sand tank 3 on the dump truck G has an inlet to be connected to the suction hose 1 at the lower rear end and an outlet to be connected to the separator 6 at the upper front. Inside the sediment tank 3, water and sediment or sludge are settled and only air is discharged from the outlet while the air flow swirls along the tank wall.
The water and the earth and sand or sludge contained in the tank 3 are designed to be drained from the inside. The remaining soil or sludge is carried to a predetermined place, the side plate 32 at the rear end of the tank 3 is opened, and the tank 3 is tilted and discharged.

The method of the present invention can be used for dredging of ponds and swamps, dredging of sewer pipes, as well as for widely spreading sediment on the bottom of water.

(Effect of the Invention) According to the present invention, since the air is made to flow from the tip of the suction hose to the suction device through the earth and sand tank by suction of the suction device, it is necessary to dredge the air flow from the suction hose. Objects can be moved to the sediment tank. that time,
Since it was decided to supplementally introduce air into the hose from the middle of the suction hose, the air flow is accelerated and becomes turbulent, so the dredged material that moves along with the air flow falls and the inside of the hose drops. To prevent the hose from clogging up,
The dredged material can be moved quickly. With that,
Since the tip opening of the suction hose is located at the boundary between the object to be dredged and the air located above it, it was decided to suck in the air together with the dredged material from the tip, so the dredged material is attracted to the intake of air. It is crushed and becomes small lumps, which move in the suction pipe while floating in the air. Therefore, the dredged material is less likely to fall and accumulate in the suction pipe, and therefore the pipe can be smoothly moved without blocking the pipe. Moreover, the moving dredged material settles and accumulates here because it passes through the earth and sand tank in the process of movement. In this way, dredging can be performed efficiently. In addition, it is only the suction pipe and the air pipe provided as needed that need to move as the position of the dredged material changes, and the suction pipe can be easily extended to the connection. Therefore, dredging over a wide range can be easily performed without requiring large-scale movement of equipment. Furthermore, the method of the present invention can be widely applied not only to the dredging of ponds, swamps and river channels, but also to the dredging of sewer pipes. The method of the present invention provides such advantages.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a bird's-eye view showing an embodiment of the method of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged perspective view of FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the device for explaining the operation of a part of the device shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing another embodiment of the method of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a part of another device that can be used in the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a suction hose, 2 is a switching valve, 3 and 4 are earth and sand tanks, 5 is a switching valve, 6, 7 and 8 are separators, and 9 is a suction machine.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A suction device suctions air from the tip of the suction hose to a suction device through the earth and sand tank, while at the same time introducing air from the middle of the suction hose into the hose, opening the tip end of the suction hose. It should be located at the boundary between the material to be dredged and the air above it, and the material to be dredged should be sucked together with the air from the tip of the suction hose, and the dredged material that passed through the suction hose should be settled and collected in the sediment tank. Characteristic dredging method. 2. A plurality of earth and sand tanks are provided in parallel, and a switching valve is attached to the suction hose immediately before and after entering the earth and sand tank so that the air in the suction hose can enter each earth and sand tank separately. The dredging method according to claim 1, which is characterized. 3. The earth and sand tank and the suction hose are made detachable so that the earth and sand tank containing the earth and sand can be carried on a dump truck. Dredging method described in paragraph. 4. The dredging method according to claim 3, wherein the earth and sand tank is built in a dump truck.