JPH0719171B2 - Method for creating NC part program for laser machining - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an NC part program creating method for laser machining, and more particularly to an NC part program creating method capable of improving machining accuracy in a fine portion.

<Prior art> In automatic programming that creates NC data using an automatic programming language such as APT or FAPT, (a) define points, straight lines, and circular arcs using simple symbols (figure definition). Define the tool path using the specified points, straight lines, and arcs (movement statement definition), and create a part program in the automatic programming language. (B) After that, use the NC data output table to create the part in the automatic programming language. Convert the program into NC part program data consisting of NC data (EIA code or ISO code) in a format that can be executed by the NC unit.

By the way, if there is a minute portion with a short block in the tool path, the tool feed rate cannot be kept constant near the minute portion due to the characteristics of the machine, etc., and acceleration / deceleration is required when passing through the minute portion. become. Acceleration / deceleration of the feed speed in the vicinity of this minute portion adversely affects the machining accuracy of parts, and especially when a high machining speed is required such as laser machining, the acceleration / deceleration of the feed speed causes machining sag and considerably affects the machining accuracy. give.

For this reason, do not reduce the processing accuracy around the fine part.
It is necessary to create an NC part program, but conventionally, it was checked whether or not the machining conditions had to be changed each time near the fine part, and depending on the necessity / unnecessity of the change, a graphic definition statement and a motion definition statement (both The definition sentences are collectively referred to as a passage definition sentence).

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> However, in such a conventional method, it is necessary to create an NC part program in an automatic programming language in consideration of the processing conditions in the vicinity of a fine portion, and there is a problem that the work becomes difficult.

From the above, the object of the present invention is to make it possible to create an NC part program by an automatic programming language without considering the processing conditions in the fine portion and its periphery, and for laser processing capable of maintaining the processing accuracy in the fine portion and its periphery. It is to provide an NC part program creation method.

Another object of the present invention is to perform laser processing in which, when the laser beam path is formed by a straight line and an arc, the fine portion is correctly identified and the processing conditions of the fine portion are changed to enable high-precision processing. It is to provide a method for creating an NC part program for the.

<Means for Solving the Problems> According to the present invention, the above object is to provide a linear block length L _S and a circular arc block length D _S for identifying a fine portion, and data for identifying the periphery of the fine portion. Created without considering the processing condition change definition statement including the data for specifying the processing conditions (laser beam feed rate, laser beam output value, etc.) in the peripheral area and the minute area, and the processing conditions of the minute area and its periphery. Means for inputting the defined passage definition sentence, when the laser beam passage is formed by a straight line and an arc, obtain the length of the straight line block using the passage definition sentence, if the length is less than the set value L _S , While determining that the linear block is a fine portion,
When the laser beam passage is formed by a straight line and a circular arc, the length of the circular arc block is obtained by using a passage definition statement, and if the length is a set value D _S or less, it is determined that the circular arc block is a fine portion. Means for dividing the fine part periphery into two or more machining condition change sections by using the machining condition change definition statement when the fine part is identified, and the machining condition change definition for each machining condition change section and the fine part, respectively. This is achieved by means of creating an NC part program so that the machining conditions set by the statement will be achieved.

<Operation> The length L _{S of the} linear block and the length D _{S of} the arc block which are considered to be the fine portion, the data for specifying the periphery of the fine portion, the processing conditions in the periphery and the fine portion (laser beam feed speed, Input the processing condition change definition text that includes data that specifies the laser beam output value, etc., and the path definition text that was created without considering the processing conditions of the fine part and its surroundings, and make the laser beam path straight and circular. , The length of the straight line block is obtained using the passage definition sentence, and when the length is equal to or less than the set value L _S , the straight line block is determined to be a fine portion, and the passage definition sentence is Obtain the length of the arc block using, when the length is less than or equal to the set value D _S , it is determined that the arc block is a fine portion, when the fine portion is identified, using the processing condition change definition statement 2 or more processing conditions around the fine part Divided into further sections, creating an NC part program so that the machining conditions set by each in machining condition modification interval and fine portions the machining condition modification definition statement.

By doing so, it is possible to create an NC part program in an automatic programming language without considering the processing conditions, and moreover, it is possible to maintain the processing accuracy in the fine part and its periphery in the actual NC processing. Further, when the laser beam path is formed by a straight block and a circular arc block, when the linear block length or the circular arc block length is less than or equal to the set value, it is judged as a fine portion and the processing conditions are changed, so that high precision is achieved. Can be processed.

<Embodiment> FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of the present invention. FIG. 1A is an explanatory view of a part program in an automatic programming language, and FIG. 1B is a partially enlarged view of a machining shape having a fine portion. is there.

11 is a part program, 11a is a graphic definition statement, 11b is a machining condition change definition statement, 11c is a motion definition statement, 12 is a macro, SMP is a fine part and its peripheral part, b _{i to} b _{i + 2} are passage blocks, RB Is the laser beam, P is the end point of the i-th block b _i , and is between the (i
+1) Block b _i +1 offset path section, between QP and RS
The area is the processing condition change section around the fine portion, and is the section of distances l ₁ and l ₂ from the points P and R, respectively.

In advance, in the macro 12, the fine part and its peripheral part SMP (first
The processing conditions (laser beam feed rate, laser output value, laser output method, etc.) in FIG. 2B) are specified by M, S, F codes and the like.

Then, QP, which is the processing condition change section around the fine part
Processing condition change definition statement 11b including data (distances l ₁ and l ₂ ) for specifying the space and RS and the name of the macro 12 for specifying the processing condition between the section and the fine portion PR, and the graphic definition statement 11a is created.
And the motion definition sentence 11c are input to the automatic programming device.

When creating an NC execution type part program, the automatic programming device divides the fine part periphery into two or more machining condition change sections QP and RS using the machining condition change definition statement 11b, and macros 12 are used in each of the section and the fine section PR. Create an NC part program to meet the machining conditions set by.

That is, up to the point Q, create NC data for processing under the predetermined processing conditions (processing conditions specified in the motion definition statement), and from the point Q to the point P, from the point P to the point R.
Up to the point R to the point S, NC data for machining under the machining conditions set by the macro 12 are created.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an automatic programming device which is an embodiment of the present invention.

101 is a ROM storing loading programs, 102
Is a processor for automatic programming, 103 is RAM
Is.

RAM 103 is a storage area 103a for storing the system program STPR read from the floppy disk and an NC data output table.
It has a storage area 103b for storing the NCDT, a storage area 103c for storing the correspondence FNT between the function code and the NC data output format, and a macro storage area 103d for storing various macros MCM.

The NC data output table NCDT stored in the storage area 103b is
Each command has a plurality of function codes F1 to F9 for specifying the NC data output format as shown in FIG. still,
Each function code is represented by four hexadecimal digits, and a group of several function codes specifies one execution form of NC data.

FIG. 4 shows a part of the correspondence relationship between each function code stored in the storage area 103c and the NC data output format. Now, since the NC data output format of the coordinate system setting in the NC data output table NCDT of FIG. 3 is 8502,0001,0101,0201,0004, refer to the correspondence between the function code and output format of FIG. NC data executable coordinate system setting becomes G50X x Y y Z z EOB ...... (a). Since the NC data output format for positioning / linear cutting is 8202,8002,0001,0101, 0201,0141,0004, refer to the correspondence between the function code and output format in Fig. 4 to perform positioning / linear cutting. The NC data in the format is G90 (G91) G00 (G01) X x Y y Z z F f EOB (b). Furthermore, since the NC data output format for arc cutting is 8202,8012,0001,0101, 0301,0401,0004, referring to the correspondence between the function code and output format in Fig. 4, the NC cutting execution format NC data Is G90 (G91) G02 (G03) X x Y y I i J j EOB (c).

Returning to FIG. 2, 104 is the N for storing the created NC data.
C data storage memory, 105 is a keyboard, 106 is a display device (CRT), 107 is a disk controller, and FL is a floppy disk.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the process of the present invention, and FIGS. 6 and 7 are explanatory views of the definition of modification of the processing conditions in the fine portion.
The figure shows the case where the fine part is a linear block, Fig. 7 shows the case where the fine part is a circular arc, Fig. 8 shows the processing condition change definition statement at the corner part, and Fig. 9 shows the case where the fine part is continuous. ,
FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of another method of specifying the processing condition change section.

The process of the present invention will be described below with reference to the flowchart of FIG. In addition, from floppy disk FL to NC for laser processing in advance
System program for creating a part program
It is assumed that STPR, NC data output table NCDT, function code / NC data output format correspondence FNT, and various macros for specifying machining conditions are stored in the respective storage areas 103a to 103d of the RAM 103. However, as shown in Fig. 1 (a), the macro name MAC, machining condition MCD, and macro end (MEN
D) and the processing condition MCD is specified by an F code indicating the laser beam feed rate, an S code indicating the laser beam output value, and an M code indicating the laser output type (continuous oscillation, intermittent oscillation). . Then, the fine portion and its peripheral portion are divided into n processing condition change sections, and when the processing conditions of each section are different, a total of n sets of processing conditions are specified corresponding to each section, and When the processing conditions are the same, one set of processing conditions is specified.

First, a processing condition change definition statement 11b (see FIG. 1 (a)) is created, and a graphic definition statement 11a and a motion definition statement 11c created without considering the processing condition change section and the processing condition are automatically programmed by the automatic programming device. To enter. As a result, the processor 102 sets 1 → i (see step 001). The machining condition change definition statement 11b is composed of CONR, COND, macro name, l ₁ , l ₂ , a ₁ , a ₂ , R _S , D _S , ON or OFF as shown in FIG. 1 (a). , Except "CORN, COND, ON or OFF" are parameters, and l ₁ , l ₂ identify the machining condition change sections QP, RS (see Fig. 1 (b)) around the microscopic area, and R
The condition of whether or not it is a fine part is specified by _S , D _S , and L _S , and a ₁ , a
_The condition of the corner shape that changes the machining condition is specified by 2.

That is, if the (i + 1) th block is a fine portion (see FIGS. 6 and 7), the processing condition change section around the fine portion is specified by the distances l ₁ and l ₂ from the offset path intersection points P and R. If it is a corner portion instead of a fine portion (see FIG. 8),
The distances l ₁ and l ₂ from the offset path intersection point P specify the machining condition changing section of the corner portion. If the length l of the straight line block is less than or equal to the set value L _S , the straight line block is recognized as a fine portion, and if the length d of the circular arc block is less than or equal to the set value D _S , or the arc radius r is the set value R _S. In the following cases, the circular arc block is recognized as a fine portion. Furthermore, the maximum opening angle A _MAX and the minimum opening angle A _{MIN of} the corner part that change the processing conditions are specified by a ₁ and a ₂ , and when the corner angle A is A _MIN ≤ A ≤ A _MAX , Change the processing conditions.

It should be noted that when "ON", the processing condition changing process at the corner portion is performed, and when "OFF", the processing condition changing process is not performed.

Then, it is checked whether the i-th block is the final block (step 002).

NC of i-th block if i-th block is the last block
Data is created and the NC part program creation process is completed (step 003).
1) It is checked whether the block is a fine portion (step 004).

When checking whether or not this is a minute portion, first check (i +
1) Check if the block is an arc (step 00
4A), if it is a circular arc, calculate the radius r and the length d of the circular arc (step 004B), and then check whether r ≦ R _S or d ≦ D _S (steps 004C, 004D), and either is established. If so, it is determined that the (i + 1) th block is a fine portion, and if none of them holds, it is determined that it is not a fine portion.

On the other hand, if the (i + 1) th block is a straight line,
+1) Calculate the block length l (step 004E), and then check if l ≦ L _S (step 004F),
If the condition is satisfied, the (i + 1) th block is determined to be a minute part, and if not satisfied, it is determined to be not a minute part.

If the (i + 1) th block is a fine portion, the next (i + th) block
2) Check if the block is a minute part (step
005), if the (i + 2) th block is not a fine portion, two processing condition change sections QP and RS around the fine portion are used by using l ₁ and l ₂ included in the processing condition change definition statement 11b (see FIG. 6). Then, NC data is created so that the processing conditions specified by the macro are obtained in each section and the fine portion (between the PRs) (step 006).

That is, NC data for machining up to point Q under the predetermined machining condition (machining condition specified in the motion definition statement) is created, and from point Q to point P NC data for machining under the first machining condition designated by the macro. Create NC data for machining from point P to point R under the second machining conditions designated by the macro in the same way, and machine from point R to point S under the third machining condition designated by the macro. Create NC data. If the machining conditions in each section are the same, only one set of machining conditions is specified by the macro, so the first to third machining conditions are the same.

After the processing of step 006 is finished, i is incremented by i + 2 → i (step 007), and thereafter the processing of step 002 and thereafter is repeated.

On the other hand, if the (i + 1) th block is a fine portion, in other words, if the fine portions are continuous (see FIG. 9), the block of the last continuous fine portion is obtained (the (i + n) th block), Then, l ₁ , l included in the post-processing condition change definition statement 11b
Seeking the first passage starting point P _S of only l ₁ before the interval QP _S and the last segment P _E R from passage endpoint P _E was overshoot by l ₂ of the fine portions of the fine portion using _2, each section QP _S , P _E R and fine part (P _S → P ₁
Create NC data so that the machining conditions specified by the macro will be between → P ₂ → ・ ・ P _E ).

That is, NC data for machining up to the point Q under the predetermined machining conditions (machining conditions specified in the motion definition statement) is created, and from the point Q to the point P _S NC under the first machining condition designated by the macro. Create data, create NC data for processing from point P _S to point P _E under the second processing conditions similarly specified by the macro, and from point P _E to point S
Until then, NC data to be processed under the third processing condition designated by the macro is created (step 008).

After the processing of step 008 is finished, i is incremented by i + n + 1 → i (step 009), and thereafter the processing of step 002 and subsequent steps is repeated.

On the other hand, if the (i + 1) th block is not a fine portion in the check in step 004, the i-th block and the (i + 1) th block
The intersection angle A of the blocks (see FIG. 8) is calculated (step 010).

Then, the maximum opening angle A _MAX and the minimum opening angle A _MIN specified by the macro having the macro name included in the processing condition change definition statement 11b are read from the macro storage area 103d, and A _MIN ≤A≤A
Check if _MAX holds (step 011),
If not satisfied, the NC data of the i-th block is created without changing the processing conditions (step 012). The reason why the machining conditions are not changed is that when the corner angle A is large, the change in speed at the corner portion is small and the machining accuracy is not so affected.

However, if A _MIN ≤ A ≤ A _MAX , processing condition change definition statement 11
Machining condition change sections QP and PS (see Fig. 8) are calculated using l ₁ and l ₂ included in b, and NC data is created so that the machining conditions are specified by the macro in each section (step 013). .

That is, NC data for machining up to point Q under the predetermined machining condition (machining condition specified in the motion definition statement) is created, and from point Q to point P NC data for machining under the first machining condition designated by the macro. Then, NC data for machining from point P to point S under the third machining condition designated by the macro is created.

Then, after the processing of step 012 or step 013 is completed i
I is incremented by + 1 → i (step 014), and the processing from step 002 onward is repeated thereafter.

By the way, in the case of FIGS. 6 to 9, the distances l ₁ and l ₂ are given by the distance from the offset passage intersection point P or R, but as shown in FIGS. Distance from
It may be given by l ₁ ′ and l ₂ ′. Although FIG. 10 shows the case of a corner, the same applies to the fine portion.

<Effects of the Invention> As described above, according to the present invention, since the fine portion is automatically identified and the NC data is created so that the processing conditions of the fine portion and the peripheral portion thereof are set values, It is possible to create an NC part program in an automatic programming language without considering the above, and it is possible to maintain the machining accuracy in the fine part and its periphery in actual NC machining.

Further, according to the present invention, when the laser beam passage is formed by a linear block and an arc block, when the linear block length or the arc block length is equal to or less than a set value, it is judged as a fine portion and the processing condition is changed. Therefore, the fine portion can be processed with high accuracy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of the present invention, and FIG. 1A is an explanatory view of a part program using an automatic programming language,
FIG. 2B is a partially enlarged view of a processed shape having a fine portion, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an automatic programming device for implementing the present invention, FIG. 3 is an NC data output table explanatory diagram, and FIG. 4 is a function. Correspondence diagram of code and NC data output format, FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the process of the present invention, FIGS. 6 and 7 are explanatory diagrams of the machining condition change definition in the fine portion, and FIG. 6 is the fine portion. 7 is a straight line block, FIG. 7 is a case where the fine portion is a circular arc, FIG. 8 is a view for explaining the machining condition change definition statement at the corner portion, FIG. 9 is an explanation diagram for the case where the fine portion is continuous, and FIG. It is explanatory drawing of another designation | designated method of the process condition change area. 11 …… Part program, 11a …… Figure definition statement, 11b ……
Machining condition change definition statement, 11c …… Movement definition statement, 12 …… Macro, SMP …… Fine part and its peripheral part, b _{i to} b _{i + 2} … Passage block, RB… Laser beam

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A path definition statement for defining a path of a laser beam is input, and the path definition statement is converted into an NC part program for laser processing that can be executed by an NC device using an NC data output table and output. In the method, the length L _{S of the} linear block and the length D _{S of} the arc block to be regarded as the fine portion, data for identifying the periphery of the fine portion, the processing conditions in the periphery and the fine portion (laser beam feed rate,
Inputting a processing condition change definition statement including data specifying the laser beam output value, etc., and a path definition statement created without considering the processing conditions of the fine part and its periphery, laser beam path is a straight block And the arc block, the length of the straight line block is obtained using the passage definition statement, and if the length is equal to or less than the set value L _S , the straight line block is determined to be a fine portion and A step of determining the length of the circular arc block using the definition statement and determining that the circular arc block is a fine portion when the length is equal to or less than the set value D _{S. When} the fine portion is identified, the processing condition change definition Using a statement to divide the periphery of the fine portion into two or more machining condition change sections, so that each machining condition change section and the fine portion have the machining conditions set by the machining condition change definition statement.
An NC part program creating method for laser processing, comprising: a step of creating an NC part program.