JPH071995B2 - Turbine generator - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a turbine generator in which a turbine and a generator are integrally configured, and a rotating body floats and rotates in an unsupported state.

(Prior Art) Hereinafter, a power generation system for a spacecraft will be exemplified as a prior art, but the application of the present invention is not limited to this, and it can be applied to a gravity field as well as a gravity field. Is not limited to nuclear power, and any heat source such as fossil fuel can be applied.

Conventionally, as a power generation system in a spacecraft, static means such as chemical power generation, solar cell power generation, and radioisotope power generation that does not use dynamic equipment has been adopted.

However, in this static power generation system, the electric output was limited as shown in FIG.

That is, although the chemical power generation can generate a relatively large output, it has a shortcoming that the service life is short.

On the other hand, solar cell power generation and radioisotope power generation
Although it has a long service life, it has a small electric output.

With conventional spacecraft, the power consumption is relatively small,
Static power generation systems such as solar cell power generation and radioisotope power generation were sufficient.

However, as the space program continues to grow,
Space facilities such as large spacecraft and space bases that require a large amount of energy are being planned.

For this reason, the static electricity generation in the first half becomes insufficient in terms of output, and recently, a heat engine power generation system using a nuclear heat source capable of high output is expected.

By the way, conventionally, in a turbine power generation system on the ground, as shown in FIG. 9, for example, a steam is generated by a boiler 31, a turbine 32 is rotated by this steam, and a generator 33 is rotated by the rotation of the turbine 32. It is designed to rotate.

The turbine 32 and the generator 33 are separated as a separate body, and as shown in FIG. 10, steam is jetted from the steam inlet 34 into the casing 35 in the turbine 32 to impeller.
The rotation of the impeller 36 is transmitted to the rotor 38 of the generator 33 via the rotation shaft 37 by rotating the 36.

In this turbine 32, since the rotating shaft 37 penetrates the casing 35, it is necessary to interpose a bearing 39 that rotatably supports the rotating shaft 37 on the casing 35 between the rotating shaft 37 and the casing 35. . Further, in order to seal the steam inside the casing 35, it is necessary to provide a seal mechanism 40 for sealing between the rotary shaft 37 and the casing 35.

Similarly, the generator 33 also has a bearing 41 for supporting the rotating shaft 37.
Need to be provided.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, when the above-described conventional ground-based nuclear power generation system for nuclear power generation is used in a spacecraft, there are the following problems.

The turbine casing has bearings and sealing mechanisms, and the generator has bearings that require regular maintenance of them. However, because spacecraft fly for long periods of time, such regular maintenance is not possible, thus making it practically impossible to use nuclear energy as an energy source.

A small amount of fluid leaks from the sealing mechanism of the turbine, so that the fluid gradually decreases. In addition, when the fluid is radioactive, radioactive substances are diffused and the interior of the ship and outer space are radioactively polluted.

Since the rotating shaft slides on the bearing part, it tends to cause a failure and its reliability is low.

Since the turbine and generator are separated, they are not suitable for spacecraft that require a small power generation system.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a turbine generator in which a turbine and a generator are integrated to achieve miniaturization and a bearing and a seal mechanism are eliminated.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configuration.

That is, the casing, the rotating body disposed inside the casing, and one or more pairs of the rotating body are provided at the circumferential end of the rotating body symmetrically with the rotation axis. And a pressure receiving portion formed in a bowl-shaped concave body that is symmetrically curved, and one or more pairs are provided symmetrically with the rotation axis, and the fluid is directed toward the pressure receiving portion at an inclination of an equal angle with respect to the set rotation line of the rotating body. , A magnet or conductor provided so as to rotate integrally with the rotating body, and a fixed conductor provided for generating power by rotation of the magnet or conductor, or A stationary magnet is provided, and when the collision position of the fluid acting on the pressure receiving portion deviates from the set rotation line, a vector in a direction that restores the deviation is generated, so that the rotating body is not supported.

Further, the magnet and the conductor are arranged so as to rotate integrally with the rotating body, and a ferromagnetic body provided for guiding a magnetic force line generated from the magnet to form a magnetic circuit. A frame and a conductor provided on the ferromagnetic frame and generated by the rotating magnet.

Further, the rotating body is provided with wings for generating a lift force by the rotation of the rotating body.

Here, the non-support means that the rotating body is not pivotally supported by the casing but is separated from the casing.

(Embodiment) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. The present embodiment is a turbine generator mounted on a spacecraft (not shown) in which the gravitational environment is zero gravity, and uses nuclear power as a heat source.

With reference to FIG. 1, a steam inlet nozzle 1a on one side and a steam inlet nozzle 1b on the other side, which are steam inlet portions formed by heat of a nuclear reactor (not shown), are provided in a ferromagnetic material frame 7 described later. Are provided on the outer peripheral portion of the casing 2 up and down in the figure (symmetrically to the rotation axis of the rotating body 4 to be described later) so as to eject steam from both steam inlet nozzles 1a and 1b into the casing 2. There is.

Inside the casing 2, pressure receiving buckets 3 as pressure receiving portions for receiving the steam ejected from the steam inlet nozzles 1a and 1b are provided, and these pressure receiving buckets 3 are provided on the outer periphery of a disk-shaped rotating body 4 and the rotating body 4 is provided. One or more pairs are attached symmetrically with the rotation axis of. The rotating body 4 is arranged in an unsupported state with respect to the casing 2. That is, the rotating body 4 is separated from the casing 2 and is in a floating state without being axially supported by the casing 2.

With reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 together, this rotating body 4 floats inside the casing 2 and the casing 2 is not on the preset rotation line C (hereinafter referred to as the set rotation line). It is designed to rotate in contact. That is, the steam collision surface 3a of the pressure receiving bucket 3 is formed to be curved in a concave shape symmetrically with respect to the set rotation line C of the rotating body 4.
The set rotation line C passes through the center of 3a. Then, the ejection directions of the two opposing steam inlet nozzles 1a and 1b are set so that the vapor is ejected at an inclination of an equal angle θ with respect to the set rotation line C.

With such a configuration, when the center of the steam collision surface 3a of the rotating body 4 is rotating on the set rotation line C, the pressure receiving bucket 3
The force of the ejected steam acts in the direction opposite to, but when the collision part of the ejected steam deviates from the set rotation line C, the collision angle of the two ejected steam with respect to the pressure receiving bucket 3 changes,
A force for returning the rotating body 4 to the set rotation surface C acts. (This point will be described later.) In addition, in order to prevent the posture and position of the rotating body 4 at rest from changing significantly under weightlessness and preventing steam from colliding with the pressure receiving bucket 3, the inner wall of the casing 2 is circumferentially surrounded. A rotary body restraining portion 5 is provided so as to project toward both surfaces of the rotary body 4. The rotation restraint portion 5 prevents the rotating body 4 from being largely displaced from its center position. The rotating body restraining portion 5 is divided into a plurality of parts at intervals in order to reduce the contact area with the rotating body 4 at the start of rotation to reduce friction.

A plurality of magnets 6 are radially fixed to both surfaces of the rotating body 4 so as to rotate integrally with the rotating body 4. Here, the magnet 6 may be either a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, and in the case of an electromagnet, a power feeding device for a movable member such as a brush may be used.

A ferromagnetic frame 7 for guiding the lines of magnetic force generated from the magnet 6 to form a magnetic circuit is provided outside the casing 2. The ferromagnetic frame 7 is provided with a conductor through which the magnetic lines of force of the magnet 6 pass. That is, a conductor wire 10 as a conductor is wound between a center hole 8 of the ferromagnetic frame 7 and a plurality of outer peripheral holes 9 formed in the outside of the center hole 8 to form a coil.

A vapor outlet nozzle 11, which is a fluid outlet portion in the upper and lower two directions in the figure, extends from the central portion of the casing 2 and extends out from the central hole 9 of the ferromagnetic body frame 7.
The steam discharged from the reactor is heated by the heat of the nuclear reactor, is used to rotate the rotating body 4, and is circulated.

The embodiment of the present invention configured as described above operates as follows.

Referring to FIG. 5, the magnetic lines of force of the magnet 6 (shown by broken lines) penetrate the rotating body 4 and the casing 2 to form a magnetic circuit via the ferromagnetic material frame 7. A conductive wire 10 is arranged across.

Now, steam is generated by the heat of a nuclear reactor (not shown), and the steam is jetted from the steam inlet nozzles 1a and 1b into the casing 2 to collide with the pressure receiving bucket 3 to rotate the rotating body 4 into the casing 2.
It is floated inside and rotated in a non-contact state, the magnet 6 is rotated integrally with the rotating body 4 to move the magnetic force line, and the electromotive force E is generated in the conductive wire 10 by the electromagnetic induction action to generate electricity. The steam that has been used to rotate the rotating body 4 is the steam outlet nozzle 11
Is discharged to the outside, condensed, reheated, evaporated and circulated.

As described above, the rotating body 4 floats in the casing 2 and rotates in a non-contact state, the principle of which will be described with reference to FIGS. 2, 3, and 4.

As shown in FIG. 3, the steam ejected from the steam inlet nozzles 1a and 1b is set on the steam collision surface 3a which is curved symmetrically with respect to the set rotation line C in the pressure receiving bucket 3 in a concave shape. Collisions are made at an equal angle θ from two directions facing C. Assuming that the steam jet output of both steam inlet nozzles 1a and 1b is P, both steam jet vectors are the rotating body 4 with a combined force of 2P cos θ.
Acting on the pressure receiving bucket 3. In this case, since the other vectors cancel each other out, the force in the other direction does not act on the pressure receiving bucket 3 residually.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, since the pressure receiving buckets 3 are provided symmetrically with respect to the center of the rotating body 4, the pressure receiving buckets 3 located symmetrically act in the direction of the center of the rotating body 4. The forces will cancel each other out. Therefore, the kinetic energy of the vapor does not move the center of rotation of the rotating body 4, but acts only as the rotation moment M for rotating the rotating body 4.

Next, at the beginning of rotation of the rotating body 4 or when the spacecraft makes a sudden turn, the steam impingement surface of the pressure receiving bucket 3
The collision position of the steam with respect to 3a temporarily does not coincide with the set rotation line C. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, it is assumed that the pressure receiving bucket 3 is displaced from the set rotation line C by d in the figure. Then, in the normal state, the combined vector 2P of the steam acting on the α point of the steam collision surface 3a
The action point of cos θ moves to β point on the vapor collision surface 3a. Here, 2P cos θ is a vector possessed by the steam, and since the pressure receiving bucket 3 has a curvature, the steam collision surface 3a
The pressure receiving bucket 3 is decomposed into a vector F ₁ which pushes the pressure receiving bucket 3 in the vertical direction and a vector F ₂ which changes the flow direction when the steam collides with the steam collision surface 3a. That is, at the β point of the steam collision surface 3a, the vector F ₁ is decomposed into the XY coordinate system, and the vector F ₁ x that tries to rotate the pressure receiving bucket 3 in the rotation direction, and (in the case of the drawing) A vector F ₁ y acts to lower the pressure receiving bucket 3 downward.
By this vector F ₁ y, the pressure receiving bucket 3 is moved downward, the α point moves toward the β point, and the pressure receiving bucket 3 returns to the normal set rotation line C. On the regular set rotation line C, the steam acts perpendicularly to the steam collision surface 3a, so that the vector F ₁ y does not occur, and all of the vector 2P cos θ acts as the rotation vector of the pressure receiving bucket 3.

The pressure receiving bucket 3 is shaped like a bowl, and the action point of the combined vector of the ejected steam is designed to be concentrated at one point, so that the positional deviation is in the Y-axis direction in FIG. It is clear that a correction force that returns to the set rotation line acts by the same action not only when it occurs but also when it occurs in the Z-axis direction.

As described above, according to the present invention, the rotating body 4 rotates with the center of rotation being the same and coinciding with the set rotation line C, so that the rotating body 4 floats in the casing 4 and is rotated in a non-contact state. Will be things.

Further, the posture of the rotating body 4 at rest is constrained by the rotating body restraining portion 5 so as not to deviate from the center position, so at the start of rotation, the steam inlet nozzle 1a,
The steam ejected from 1b does not come off from the pressure receiving bucket 3.

Up to this point, the embodiment of the structure in which the steam inlet nozzles 1a and 1b are installed in a pair so as to face the set rotation line C has been described, but the present invention is limited to the above embodiment. Not a thing. That is, in order to rotate the rotating body 4 in a non-contact manner, the arrangement relationship of the steam inlet nozzles is not only established only by the arrangement relationship of the above-described embodiment, but may be the following arrangement relationship.

FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing the main part of a generator system having the same structure as that of FIG. 1 except for the positional relationship of the steam inlet nozzle 1, within a range necessary for explanation. Referring to FIG. 6, one or more pairs of pressure receiving buckets 3 are attached to the outer periphery of the rotating body 4, and the steam inlet nozzle 1 is arranged so as to be located on a set rotation line (not shown in FIG. 6). In addition, when the rotating body 4 is in the normal non-contact rotating state, two pairs of the steam inlet nozzles 1 are symmetrically arranged in the lateral direction of the casing 2 so that the jetted steam hits the same position of the bowl-shaped concave surface of the pressure receiving portion 3. Install.

Even in such arrangement of the steam inlet nozzle 1, only the rotation moment is generated in the rotating body 4 and the rotating body 4 can be rotated without contact. The principle of generation of the correction force when the vapor collision position with respect to the vapor collision surface is temporarily displaced has already been described, and will be omitted here.

In this turbine generator, since the turbine and the generator are integrally formed, the size can be reduced, and the turbine generator is suitable for mounting on a spacecraft.

Since the turbine and the generator are integrally formed and there is no shaft for transmitting rotation from the turbine to the generator as in the conventional case, there is no bearing for supporting the shaft and the hole for passing the shaft has the casing 4 There is no seal mechanism to seal the hole as well. Since there is no bearing or seal mechanism as described above, it is suitable for a spacecraft that does not require long-term maintenance and inspection and that flies for a long time.

Since the turbine and the generator are integrally formed and there is no shaft for transmitting rotation from the turbine to the generator as in the conventional case, the casing 2 has no hole for passing the shaft, so that the casing 2 is sealed and the fluid Will not leak out of the casing 2 and be reduced, and the radioactive fluid will not be diffused into the spacecraft and contaminated.

Since the turbine and the generator are integrally formed and there is no shaft for transmitting rotation from the turbine to the generator as in the conventional case, there is no bearing for supporting the shaft. Since there is no bearing that is a sliding portion in this way, reliability is improved.

In the above description, the turbine generator under zero gravity was described, but even in the gravitational field, the return force can be increased by appropriately designing the jet output of steam and the weight of the rotating body and the like. The rotating body can be floated in the casing against the settling force due to gravity.

Further, when used in a gravitational field, as shown in FIG. 7, it is preferable that the blades 22 are provided to generate a lift force L against the gravity G. That is, a plurality of blades 22 are cut and raised in the circumferential direction of the rotating body 21, and the blades 22 send out air as shown by an arrow Q in the figure by the rotation of the rotating body 4.
As a result, a lift L that resists the gravity G is generated.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above,
For example, in order to form a magnetic force line circuit, a ferromagnetic material may be used as the material of the casing instead of the ferromagnetic material frame provided outside the casing.

Further, a conductor may be provided on the rotating body, and the magnet may be arranged outside the rotating body such as the casing or the ferromagnetic frame.

Furthermore, as described above, the application of the present invention is not limited to mounting on a spacecraft, and can also be applied to a gravitational field,
The heat source is not limited to nuclear power, and may be any source such as fossil fuel.

Furthermore, the logarithm of the steam inlets may be arbitrary, and the number of steam outlets may be arbitrary.

(Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention described above, the following effects are achieved.

Since the turbine and generator are integrated,
The power generation system can be downsized.

Since the turbine and the generator are integrally configured, and there is no shaft for transmitting rotation from the turbine to the generator as in the past, there is no bearing to support the shaft, and there is a hole through which the shaft passes in the casing. There is no seal mechanism to seal the hole. In this way, since there is no bearing or seal mechanism,
It can be operated for a long time without maintenance.

Since the turbine and generator are integrally configured, and there is no shaft for transmission of rotation from the turbine to the generator as in the past, there is no hole for passing the shaft in the casing, so the casing is sealed and the fluid is transferred to the casing. It will not leak out and decrease.

Since the turbine and generator are integrally configured and there is no shaft for rotation transmission from the turbine to the generator as in the past, there is no bearing to support that shaft, and there is no bearing that is a sliding part. , Reliability is improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an operation state diagram showing steam ejection to the pressure receiving bucket. FIG. 3 is another operation state diagram showing steam ejection to the pressure receiving bucket. FIG. 4 is yet another operation state diagram showing steam ejection to the pressure receiving bucket. FIG. 5 is an operation state diagram showing the power generation operation of this embodiment. 6A is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6B is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a main part of another embodiment. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the lives and outputs of various power generating means. FIG. 9 is a system diagram of a known power generation system. FIG. 10 is an enlarged schematic view of a part of FIG. 1a, 1b: Steam inlet nozzle 2: Casing 3: Pressure receiving bucket 3a: Steam collision surface 4: Rotating body 5: Rotating body restraining part 6: Magnet 8: Ferromagnetic material frame 10: Conductor 11: Steam outlet nozzle 21: Rotating body 22: Wings

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A casing, a rotating body disposed inside the casing, and a rotor 1 at a circumferential end of the rotating body, which is symmetrical with a rotation axis.
The pressure receiving portion is provided in a pair or more, and the surface on which the fluid collides is formed in a bowl-shaped concave body that is symmetrically curved with respect to the set rotation line of the rotating body, and one or more pairs are provided symmetrically with the rotation axis. And a magnet or a conductor provided so as to rotate integrally with the rotating body, and a fluid inlet part provided so as to eject the fluid toward the portion at an inclination of an equal angle with respect to the set rotation line of the rotating body. And a fixed conductor or a fixed magnet provided to generate electric power by rotation of the magnet or conductor, the deviation occurring when the collision position of the fluid acting on the pressure receiving portion deviates from the set rotation line. The turbine generator is characterized in that the rotating body is unsupported due to the generation of a vector in the direction for returning. 2. A casing, a rotating body arranged inside the casing, and a rotary body 1 at a circumferential end of the rotating body, which is symmetrical with a rotation axis.
The pressure receiving portion is provided in a pair or more, and the surface on which the fluid collides is formed in a bowl-shaped concave body that is symmetrically curved with respect to the set rotation line of the rotating body, and one or more pairs are provided symmetrically with the rotation axis. From the magnet, the fluid inlet part provided so as to eject the fluid at an equal angle with respect to the set rotation line of the rotating body, the magnet provided so as to rotate integrally with the rotating body, and the magnet. A ferromagnetic body frame provided to guide the generated magnetic force lines to form a magnetic circuit; and a conductor provided on the ferromagnetic body frame and generated by the rotating magnet.
A turbine generator, wherein when the collision position of the fluid acting on the pressure receiving portion deviates from the set rotation line, a vector is generated in a direction to restore the deviation, whereby the rotor is unsupported. 3. The turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein the rotating body is provided with blades for generating a lift force by the rotation of the rotating body.