JPH0720248B2 - Filter color allocation method for solid-state image sensor - Google Patents
Filter color allocation method for solid-state image sensorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0720248B2 JPH0720248B2 JP62142371A JP14237187A JPH0720248B2 JP H0720248 B2 JPH0720248 B2 JP H0720248B2 JP 62142371 A JP62142371 A JP 62142371A JP 14237187 A JP14237187 A JP 14237187A JP H0720248 B2 JPH0720248 B2 JP H0720248B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- color
- pixel
- solid
- aperture ratio
- image sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 (産業上の利用分野) 本発明は、高感度出力が得られるカラー画像用の固体撮
像素子のフィルタ色割当て方法に関する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a filter color allocation method for a solid-state image sensor for a color image that provides high-sensitivity output.
(従来技術) 従来より、MOS型固体撮像素子を計測用センサとして用
いる事は良く知られている。例えば、最近のカラープリ
ンタでは、カラー原画(カラーネガフイルム等)を複数
のシーンに分類し、各シーンに応じて色補正フイルタの
光路への挿入量を調節することにより色補正を行ない、
カラーバランスの良好なプリント写真を作成している。
このシーン分類のために、カラー画像用の固体撮像素子
が用いられ、プリント前にカラー原画の各点の三色濃度
を測定している。(Prior Art) It is well known that a MOS solid-state image sensor is used as a measurement sensor. For example, in recent color printers, color original images (color negative film, etc.) are classified into a plurality of scenes, and color correction is performed by adjusting the insertion amount of the color correction filter in the optical path according to each scene.
We are making prints with good color balance.
For this scene classification, a solid-state image sensor for color images is used, and the three-color density at each point of the color original image is measured before printing.
カラー画像を読み取る場合には、3個のイメージセンサ
を用いる所謂3板式と、1個のイメージセンサを用いる
所謂単板式があることは周知のとおりである。後者は、
イメージセンサの受光面の上に、各画素に対応して例え
ば青色(B),緑色(G),赤色(R)をモザイク状に
配列したカラーフイルタを取り付けたものであり、前者
の3板式に較べコストが安いという利点から、多く用い
られている。It is well known that there are a so-called three-plate type using three image sensors and a so-called single-plate type using one image sensor when reading a color image. The latter is
A color filter in which, for example, blue (B), green (G), and red (R) are arranged in a mosaic pattern corresponding to each pixel is attached on the light receiving surface of the image sensor. It is often used because of its low cost.
なお、イメージセンサと固体撮像素子は本来同義語であ
るが、ここでは便宜的に半導体装置のみをイメージセン
サと称し、マイクロフイルタを含んだものを固体撮像素
子と称する。Although the image sensor and the solid-state image sensor are essentially synonymous with each other, here, for convenience, only the semiconductor device is referred to as an image sensor, and a device including a micro filter is referred to as a solid-state image sensor.
本発明者等は、先に、受光部内の隣接するm×n個の複
数画素を1ユニツトとし、かつこの1ユニツト内の画素
にR,G,Bを均等に振り分け、同色の画素の信号を加算し
て出力する単板式の固体撮像素子を提案した(特願昭61
-071299号)。The inventors of the present invention first set a plurality of m × n adjacent pixels in the light receiving unit as one unit, and evenly distribute R, G, and B to the pixels in this one unit to obtain signals of pixels of the same color. We have proposed a single-panel solid-state image sensor that adds and outputs (Japanese Patent Application No. 61).
-071299).
処で、このような単板式の固体撮像素子においては、測
光条件、光源バランス、センサの感度バランスに応じて
R,G,Bの各開口率は適宜設定されており、例えばRGBの相
対開口率比は、R:G:B=40%:50%:60%に設定されてい
た。従つて、この場合の1ユニツト当りの単純平均開口
率は50%が得られていた。By the way, in such a single plate type solid-state image sensor, depending on the photometric conditions, the light source balance, and the sensitivity balance of the sensor
The respective aperture ratios of R, G and B are appropriately set, and for example, the relative aperture ratio of RGB is set to R: G: B = 40%: 50%: 60%. Therefore, the simple average aperture ratio per unit in this case was 50%.
(発明が解決しようとする問題点) 然るに、計測用センサとしては、システムサイドの要求
で3色の色バランスを大きく崩さなければ都合の悪い場
合がある。例えばRGBの相対開口率比を、R:G:B=40%:2
5%:60%としたい場合である。この場合、前述の構成と
同じく1ユニツト内における画素の色配分をR,G,B均等
に振り分けたとすると、1ユニツト当りの単純平均開口
率は42%に低下してしまい、感度が下げられた状態に設
けられてしまう。即ち、システム要求は色バランスの変
更であつて、感度低下は望ましくない。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, as a measurement sensor, it may be inconvenient unless the color balance of the three colors is significantly disturbed by a request from the system side. For example, the relative aperture ratio of RGB is R: G: B = 40%: 2
5%: 60%. In this case, if the color distribution of the pixels in one unit is equally distributed to R, G, and B as in the above-described configuration, the simple average aperture ratio per unit is reduced to 42%, and the sensitivity is lowered. It will be provided in the state. That is, the system requirement is to change the color balance, and the reduction in sensitivity is not desirable.
本発明の目的は、上記事情に鑑みなされたもので、シス
テム仕様に合わせてユニツト内の画素の色配分を最適化
することにより、平均開口率が向上できるカラー画像用
の固体撮像素子のフィルタ色割当て方法を提供すること
にある。The object of the present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and by optimizing the color distribution of pixels in the unit according to the system specifications, the filter color of a solid-state image sensor for color images that can improve the average aperture ratio. It is to provide an allocation method.
(問題点を解決するための手段) 上記目的を達成するために、本発明の固体撮像素子のフ
ィルタ色割当て方法は次のことを示している。すなわ
ち、隣接するm行n列(m,n2で、かつm=n=2以
外の整数)の画素を1ユニツトとし、カラーフイルタの
l色(lは3以上の整数)をそれぞれの要求開口率D1,
D2,……,Dlに合わせて画素に配置する場合に、Max(D
1,D2,……,Dl)−Min(D1,D2,……,Dl)≦2×
(D1+D2+・・・Dl)/mnの関係を満たすように各色へ
の画素数割り当てを行う。(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the method of assigning a filter color for a solid-state image sensor according to the present invention shows the following. That is, the pixel of adjacent m rows and n columns (m, n2 and an integer other than m = n = 2) is set as one unit, and 1 color (l is an integer of 3 or more) of the color filter is used for each required aperture ratio. D 1 ,
When arranging pixels according to D 2 , ……, D l , Max (D
1 , D 2 , ……, D l ) −Min (D 1 , D 2 , ……, D l ) ≦ 2 ×
The number of pixels is assigned to each color so as to satisfy the relationship of (D 1 + D 2 + ... D l ) / mn.
本発明の好ましい実施例では、マトリクス状に配列され
た光電変換素子は、m×n、例えば3×3すなわち9個
づつ1ユニツトにまとめられている。これら9個の光電
変換素子には、l色例えば(それぞれ)3原色、例えば
R,G,Bのうちの1つの色のフイルタが付属している。光
電変換素子に組合わせるフイルタの色は、1ユニツト内
でどのように配列されていてもよい。しかし例えば9個
の光電変換素子の色配分は、初期設定において例えば3
つの色に対して均当に振り分けておき、各色への画素配
分の最適化に応じて配分が変更される。なお、初期設定
において各色への画素の振り分けが均等に行えない場合
には、略均等に振り分けておく。1ユニツト内では、同
色の信号電荷を加算することが必要であるが、信号読出
し後に特別な加算回路を用いて加算をしなくてもよいよ
うにするため、本発明に適用の固体撮像素子では各画素
の信号読出し時に、同じ色の光電変換素子に蓄積された
信号電荷を加算して取り出すようにしている。この加算
は、色々な方法が考えられるが、その1つとしては、色
数に対応した個数の垂直MOSスイツチを各ユニツト毎に
設け、各垂直MOSスイツチのソースに、対応した色の光
電変換素子を接続すればよい。そして、この垂直MOSス
イツチのゲートには対応した色の水平線を接続し、また
ドレインには対応した色の垂直線を接続する。こうする
と、例えばR,G,Bの3色を用い、それぞれ3個づつ組み
合わせた3×3の光電変換素子により1ユニツトを構成
する場合には、マトリクスの各列各行毎に1本の信号線
を配置するだけでよい。これは光電変換素子毎に垂直MO
Sスイツチを設けたものに比べて信号線が1本少なくな
つている。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a matrix are arranged in m × n, for example, 3 × 3, that is, 9 photoelectric conversion elements in one unit. For these nine photoelectric conversion elements, for example, 1 primary color (each) 3 primary colors, for example,
It comes with a filter of one of R, G, and B colors. The colors of the filters combined with the photoelectric conversion elements may be arranged in any one unit. However, the color distribution of the nine photoelectric conversion elements is, for example, 3 in the initial setting.
The colors are evenly distributed, and the distribution is changed according to the optimization of the pixel distribution to each color. If the pixels cannot be evenly distributed to the respective colors in the initial setting, they are substantially evenly distributed. In one unit, it is necessary to add signal charges of the same color. However, since it is not necessary to add the signal charges by using a special adder circuit after reading the signals, the solid-state image pickup device applied to the present invention has At the time of reading the signal of each pixel, the signal charges accumulated in the photoelectric conversion elements of the same color are added and taken out. There are various possible methods for this addition. One of them is to provide vertical MOS switches of the number corresponding to the number of colors for each unit, and the photoelectric conversion elements of the colors corresponding to the sources of the vertical MOS switches. Should be connected. Then, a horizontal line of a corresponding color is connected to the gate of the vertical MOS switch, and a vertical line of a corresponding color is connected to the drain. With this arrangement, for example, when one unit is composed of 3 × 3 photoelectric conversion elements in which three colors of R, G, and B are used and three of them are combined, one signal line is provided for each column and each row of the matrix. You just need to place. This is the vertical MO for each photoelectric conversion element.
There is one less signal line than the one with the S switch.
(実施例) 本発明の実施例を以下図面により説明する。第1図及び
第2図は、受光部の1部を構成する3行3列の光電変換
素子を1ユニツト10として、これら9個の光電変換素子
上に、画素1に対応してR,G,Bの色のフイルタがそれぞ
れ配置されている様子を示している。また、R,G,Bの記
号の下に小さく示した各数字はそれぞれの画素の開口率
(%)を示している。(Examples) Examples of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show photoelectric conversion elements of 3 rows and 3 columns forming one part of the light receiving section as one unit 10 and R, G corresponding to the pixel 1 on these 9 photoelectric conversion elements. , B color filters are arranged respectively. Also, each small number under the R, G, B symbols indicates the aperture ratio (%) of each pixel.
いま、システム要求により、1ユニツトにおける3色の
要求開口率の比がDR:DG:DB=40%:25%:60%となる様
に、色バランスが設定される場合について述べる。Now, a case will be described in which the color balance is set so that the ratio of the required aperture ratios of the three colors in one unit is D R : D G : D B = 40%: 25%: 60% due to system requirements.
なお、前記DR,DG,DBは各色に対応する画素の要求開口
率を示す。The D R , D G , and D B represent required aperture ratios of pixels corresponding to the respective colors.
第2図は、R,G,Bの各色が3個づつの画素に均等に割り
振られ、かつ図示する色配列を有して3行×3列を1ユ
ニツトとした従来例を示しており、各画素はR,G,Bに対
応してそれぞれ所定の要求開口率に設定されている。FIG. 2 shows a conventional example in which each color of R, G, B is evenly distributed to three pixels, and the color array shown in the figure has 3 rows × 3 columns as one unit. Each pixel is set to a predetermined required aperture ratio corresponding to R, G and B.
次に、この第2図に基づいて、各色への画素配分を最適
化した場合の1ユニットを、第1図に示す。この最適化
は以下の手法により行われる。Next, FIG. 1 shows one unit when the pixel distribution to each color is optimized based on FIG. This optimization is performed by the following method.
但し、上式において、Max(DR,DG,DB)−Min(DR,
DG,DB)は、最大を示す要求開口率の値から最小を示す
要求開口率の値を減算することを意味し、m,nは1ユニ
ツトを構成する行及び列の数、すなわち、本実施例では
m=n=3が代入される。 However, in the above equation, Max (D R , D G , D B ) −Min (D R ,
D G , D B ) means subtracting the minimum required aperture ratio value from the maximum required aperture ratio value, and m, n is the number of rows and columns forming one unit, that is, In this embodiment, m = n = 3 is substituted.
上記(1)式にそれぞれ所定値を代入して、(1)式の
等号関係が成立した場合には、最小要求開口率に対応す
る色の画素、すなわち、本実施例では色Gの画素を1個
減らし、最大要求開口率に対応する色の画素、すなわ
ち、色Bの画素を1個殖す。そして、画素配分変更後の
各色の開口率の相対比率を計算仕直す。When a predetermined value is substituted into each of the above equations (1) and the equal sign relation of the equation (1) is established, the pixel of the color corresponding to the minimum required aperture ratio, that is, the pixel of the color G in this embodiment. Is reduced by one, and a pixel of a color corresponding to the maximum required aperture ratio, that is, a pixel of color B is multiplied by one. Then, the relative ratio of the aperture ratio of each color after changing the pixel distribution is calculated and rearranged.
変更後の画素配分は、 R:B:G=3a:2b:4c (2) の関係に設けられている。The pixel distribution after the change is provided in the relationship of R: B: G = 3a: 2b: 4c (2).
上記(2)式のa,b,cは、画素配分変更後の各色に対応
した1画素当りの要求開口率の補正値を示しており、 により求められ、a=0.96,b=0.90,c=1.08がそれぞれ
得られる。そして、各色の変更後の開口率は、素子製作
上の観点から1画素の開口率上限を例えば色Bの60%と
したとき、Rの画素の開口率は、 Gの画素の開口率は、 Bの画素の開口率は、 DB′=DB=60(%) をそれぞれ得る。The a, b, and c in the above equation (2) represent the correction values of the required aperture ratio per pixel corresponding to each color after the pixel distribution is changed, And a = 0.96, b = 0.90, c = 1.08 are obtained. Then, the aperture ratio after changing each color is as follows. When the upper limit of the aperture ratio of one pixel is set to, for example, 60% of the color B from the viewpoint of device fabrication, the aperture ratio of the R pixel is The aperture ratio of the G pixel is The aperture ratio of the B pixel is D B ′ = D B = 60 (%).
次に、上記変更後の開口率を用いて、前記(1)式の等
号関係を再び確認する。この際、(1)式の等号関係が
不変であれば、すなわち、左項>右項の関係であれば、
更に最小開口率の色を1画素減らし、かつ最大開口率の
色を1画素殖して、再び上記方法に基づいて画素枚割り
当て変更後の開口率を計算仕直す。そして、前記(1)
式の左項≦右項になるまで、上記手法を繰り返す。本実
施例では1回の画素数割り振り変更で、上記(1)式の
等号が変る。この際、画素数配分の最適化が得られたこ
とを意味する。従つて、本実施例では、各色への画素数
配分の最適化は、R:3画素、G:2画素、B:4画素にそれぞ
れ変更し、かつそれぞれの1画素当りの開口率の比を、
R:G:B=53%:50%:60%に設定することにより得られ
る。このように構成することにより、1ユニツト当りの
平均開口率は、第2図に示す従来例の42%に対し、本発
明に適用の素子は55%と、約1.3倍に向上される。しか
も1ユニツト当りの要求開口率の比は、システム要求で
あるDR:DG:DB=40%:25%:60%を達成している。Next, the equality relation of the equation (1) is confirmed again by using the changed aperture ratio. At this time, if the equal sign relation of the equation (1) is invariant, that is, if the relation of left term> right term,
Further, the color having the minimum aperture ratio is reduced by one pixel, the color having the maximum aperture ratio is multiplied by one pixel, and the aperture ratio after the pixel allocation is changed is calculated again based on the above method. And the above (1)
The above method is repeated until the left term of the equation ≦ the right term. In this embodiment, the equal sign in the above equation (1) changes with a single pixel number allocation change. At this time, it means that the distribution of the number of pixels is optimized. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the optimization of the pixel number distribution to each color is changed to R: 3 pixels, G: 2 pixels, B: 4 pixels, and the ratio of the aperture ratio per pixel is changed. ,
It is obtained by setting R: G: B = 53%: 50%: 60%. With this structure, the average aperture ratio per unit is 55%, which is about 1.3 times that of the conventional example shown in FIG. Moreover, the ratio of the required aperture ratio per unit has achieved the system requirement of D R : D G : D B = 40%: 25%: 60%.
次に、第2図の従来例から第1図に図示した本発明の好
ましい色配列を得るためには、第2図に図示した1ユニ
ツトのうち、1画素のGをBに変更すれば良い訳けであ
る。その際、色信号の重み付けに応じた色配分が行われ
る必要がある。このため、1つの手法として、第1列第
3行目のGをBに変更した後、第1列と第3列の第3行
目を入れ替えることにより、第1図の画素配列が得られ
る。Next, in order to obtain the preferred color arrangement of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 from the conventional example shown in FIG. 2, it is sufficient to change G of one pixel to B in one unit shown in FIG. It's a translation. At that time, it is necessary to perform color distribution according to the weighting of the color signals. Therefore, as one method, the pixel array of FIG. 1 is obtained by changing G in the first row and the third row to B and then exchanging the third row in the first and third columns. .
なお、本発明は画素配列が前記第1図の実施例に限定さ
れるものでなく、例えば、一般的に知られているベイヤ
配列或いはストライプ配列に適用したものであつてもよ
い。Note that the present invention is not limited to the pixel arrangement of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, but may be applied to a generally known Bayer arrangement or stripe arrangement.
(発明の効果) 以上記載したとおり、本発明の固体撮像素子にフィルタ
色割当て方法によれば、システム仕様に合わせて、各ユ
ニツトにおける画素のフイルタ各色への色配分を最適化
することにより、平均開口率を向上させて、感度増加が
はかれる。(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the filter color allocation method for the solid-state image sensor of the present invention, the color distribution of the pixels in each unit to each color of the filter is optimized in accordance with the system specifications, and the average value is obtained. The aperture ratio is improved and the sensitivity is increased.
第1図は、本発明の1実施例での1ユニットにおけるカ
ラーフィルタの、色配列及び開口率を示す図、第2図は
第1図と比較のために用いた従来例を説明する図であ
る。 1……画素、10……1ユニツトFIG. 1 is a diagram showing a color arrangement and an aperture ratio of a color filter in one unit in one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a conventional example used for comparison with FIG. is there. 1 ... Pixel, 10 ... 1 unit
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 昭62−42690(JP,A) 特開 昭58−3485(JP,A) 特開 昭59−86982(JP,A) 実開 昭54−135816(JP,U) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── --Continued from the front page (56) References JP-A-62-42690 (JP, A) JP-A-58-3485 (JP, A) JP-A-59-86982 (JP, A) Actual development Sho-54- 135816 (JP, U)
Claims (1)
画素に対応してモザイク状のカラーフィルタを配置して
なるカラー画像用の固体撮像素子のフィルタ色割当て方
法において、 隣接するm行n列(m,n≧2で、かつm=n=2以外の
整数)の画素を1ユニットとし、カラーフイルタのl色
(lは3以上の整数)をそれぞれの要求開口率D1,D2,
・・・,Dlに合わせて画素に配置する場合に、 Max(D1,D2,・・・,Dl)−Min(D1,D2,・・・,
Dl)≦2×(D1+D2+・・・Dl)/mnの関係を満たすよ
うに各色への画素数割り当てを行うことを特徴とする固
体撮像素子のフィルタ色割当て方法。1. A filter color allocating method for a solid-state image pickup device for a color image, wherein a mosaic color filter is arranged corresponding to a pixel on a photoelectric conversion device arranged in a matrix form, in which m rows and n columns are adjacent to each other. Pixels of (m, n ≧ 2 and an integer other than m = n = 2) are set as one unit, and 1 color (l is an integer of 3 or more) of the color filter is used for the respective required aperture ratios D 1 , D 2 ,
..., when arranging the pixels according to D l , Max (D 1 , D 2 , ..., D l ) -Min (D 1 , D 2 , ...,
A filter color allocation method for a solid-state imaging device, characterized in that the number of pixels is allocated to each color so as to satisfy the relationship of D l ) ≦ 2 × (D 1 + D 2 + ... D l ) / mn.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62142371A JPH0720248B2 (en) | 1987-06-09 | 1987-06-09 | Filter color allocation method for solid-state image sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62142371A JPH0720248B2 (en) | 1987-06-09 | 1987-06-09 | Filter color allocation method for solid-state image sensor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63306790A JPS63306790A (en) | 1988-12-14 |
| JPH0720248B2 true JPH0720248B2 (en) | 1995-03-06 |
Family
ID=15313827
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62142371A Expired - Fee Related JPH0720248B2 (en) | 1987-06-09 | 1987-06-09 | Filter color allocation method for solid-state image sensor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0720248B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100871687B1 (en) * | 2004-02-11 | 2008-12-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Solid state image pickup device with improved display quality in subsampling mode and its driving method |
-
1987
- 1987-06-09 JP JP62142371A patent/JPH0720248B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63306790A (en) | 1988-12-14 |
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