JPH0724503B2 - Mushroom culture medium - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

The present invention relates to oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms,
The present invention relates to a culture medium of mushrooms represented by Willow Matsutake.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In Japan, the demand for edible mushrooms is rapidly increasing with the improvement of eating habits. In order to meet this demand, artificial cultivation of edible mushrooms is widely carried out, but in recent years, fungal bed cultivation is rapidly expanding in place of the raw wood cultivation due to the difficulty of obtaining the raw wood and the demand for stable production.

In bacterial bed cultivation, nutrients such as rice bran are generally added to wood powder such as sawdust, and a culture medium in which a small amount of a nitrogen source or an inorganic salt as a nutritional supplement component is mixed is sterilized to form a mycelium. After inoculating and culturing (rotating the fungus) to spread the mycelium over the entire medium, fruit bodies are formed and harvested.

[0004]

However, in the conventional fungal bed cultivation as described above, it is difficult to obtain a high yield because the fruiting body yield is low due to poor culture or contamination with harmful bacteria. Further, there is a problem that the production efficiency is not sufficient because the cultivation is for a long period of time.

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have found that the yield of fruiting bodies and the length of the cultivation period in the fungal bed cultivation depend on how well the mycelia of the mushroom can be cultivated, and the mycelia grow insufficiently. In many cases, based on the finding that good results can never be obtained, as a result of many years of earnest research on how to grow a large amount of mycelium in the culture medium, the growth rate of the mycelium It is possible to accelerate the cultivation, shortening the number of culturing days and cultivating with improved working efficiency, and further, it is possible to expect a drastic increase in the yield, and to obtain a mushroom culture medium that is rich in mycelium and can suppress the growth of harmful fungi It was successful.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention focuses on the newly found water extract of larch wood to promote the growth of mushroom mycelia and suppress the growth of harmful fungi. It is characterized in that it is added at an appropriate concentration ratio to the culture medium.

The extracted components of trees include a nutrient component, an inhibitory component, and a component that suppresses the growth of only harmful fungi with respect to the growth of mushroom mycelium. The main constituent of larch water extract is arabinogalactan, which accounts for over 90% of the extract. And, this arabinogalactan is a polysaccharide that specifically exists in larch among many trees, and it has been reported that arabinogalactan derived from crude drugs and microorganisms has various bioactive functions ( For example, "Yamada Yoshiro; Immunostimulating arabinogalactan in Chinese medicine, Oriental medicine, Vo17, No1,1
986 "," Mieko Hajii; Physiological activity of leaf polysaccharides, Forest Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1989 "). In addition, the larch water extract contains a trace amount of taxifolin, which is a flavonoid having an antibacterial action (edited by Tomotaka Yoshimoto et al .; Chemistry of Wood Utilization, Kyoritsu Shuppan, 198).
3).

The larch water extract containing a large amount of arabinogalactan, which is said to have this effective physiologically active function, was added to the medium to culture various edible mushrooms. As a result, the larch water extract mushroom mycelium was obtained. It was confirmed that the sucrose had a remarkable elongation effect and a weight increasing effect. In addition, as a result of culturing the main harmful fungi of mushroom cultivation in a medium containing a larch water extract containing a small amount of taxifolin having an antibacterial action, the larch water extract was found to have an action of suppressing the growth of the harmful fungus. It was

[0009]

EXAMPLES Next, examples of the present invention will be described. Water (5 parts by weight) was added to larch sawdust (1 part), the water-soluble extract was extracted while stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, and the filtrate obtained by filtering the extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried. Grind to obtain a larch water extract.

Next, 0 to 1 of larch water extract was added to potato-dextrose agar medium as a main component of the artificial culture medium.
It was added within the range of 5% and inoculated with mushroom mycelium. This was cultured at 25 ° C. for 6 days to measure the elongation growth of mycelium. The measured results are shown in Table 1.

[0011]

[Table 1]

From Table 1, 1 to 5 for oyster mushrooms
%, There is an extension effect of about 15% compared to the case where it is not added, and the extension effect is recognized with the addition amount of 1 to 2% in Enokitake, and 1-5% addition is added to Willow Matsutake. It was confirmed that there was an elongation promoting effect of about 10 to 15% under the conditions.

Then, as in the previous time, the larch water extract was added to the potato-dextrose agar medium within the range of 0 to 15% and the mushroom mycelium was inoculated at 25 ° C.
After culturing for 10 days, the agar was dissolved and removed, and the weight of the mycelium was measured. The results of the measurement are shown in Table 2.

[0014]

[Table 2]

From Table 2, in the case of Pleurotus ostreatus and Enoki mushroom, the weight gradually increased as the amount added in the addition range of 1 to 10% increased. In comparison, it reached the maximum value, reaching about 3.4 times and 3.1 times the quantity. 1-5 for Willow Matsutake
%, It increases as the addition amount increases within the addition range of 3%.
It was remarkably increased to double the amount. Further, even with 10% addition, a weight increase of about 2.3 times as much as that without addition was observed.

Furthermore, using potato dextrose liquid medium as the main component of the artificial culture medium, to the culture medium in which the larch water extract was added within the range of 0 to 15%, the inoculated mushroom mycelium was grown at 24 ° C. After culturing for 10 days, the weight of mycelium was measured. The measured results are shown in Table 3.

[0017]

[Table 3]

From Table 3, it is possible to obtain more than double the amount of mycelium by adding 1% to the oyster mushroom, and the mycelium weight increases with the increasing amount within the addition range of 10%. However, when added within the range of 5 to 10%, the mycelium was obtained in an amount of 2.9 to 3.1 times that of the non-added one.
Even with the addition of 5%, a weight increase exceeding 3 times was observed.

In the case of Enoki mushroom, the weight of mycelium increases as the amount added increases in the addition range of 1 to 10%, and particularly 2.3 to 10% in the range of 5 to 10% as compared with the one not added.
The amount was 3.6 times the amount, and even with the addition of 15%, the weight increase exceeding 3 times the amount was recognized. In Willow Matsutake,
The weight of mycelium increased as the amount of addition increased in the range of addition of 1 to 5%, and in particular, the amount of addition of 5% was about 2.3 times as much as that of no addition, and 10%. About twice the amount, and even at 15%, the amount of mycelia increased 1.7 times.

Next, a wood flour medium in which 1 part of rice bran was mixed with 3 parts of cedar wood flour (weight ratio) was used as a main component of the artificial culture medium, and larch water was added to dry matter weight of the wood flour medium. The extract is added at a rate of 0 to 15%, and the water content is about 65%.
And adjust the mycelium of inoculated mushrooms to 24 ℃
The cells were cultured for 20 days at 20 ° C. and the growth of mycelia was measured. The measured results are shown in Table 4.

[0021]

[Table 4]

From Table 4, in the oyster mushroom, an elongation growth of 4 to 14% was recognized in the addition range of 1 to 10% as compared with the non-added one, and in the enoki mushroom, the addition range was 1 to 5%. An elongation growth of 7 to 9% was observed as compared with that without addition, and a growth effect of Willow matsutake increased by 3 to 10% under the addition condition of 1 to 10% as compared with that without addition.

In mushroom cultivation, the degree of contamination of harmful bacteria greatly affects the production efficiency of mushrooms, and when the larch water extract promotes the growth of harmful bacteria more than the mushroom mycelium, the larch water extract is added as a result. It makes no sense. Therefore, the effect of the larch water extract on the harmful bacteria that inhibit the healthy growth of mushrooms was tested.

As a method of experiment, after adding larch water extract in a concentration range of 0 to 15% to potato-dextrose agar medium, Trichoderma bacterium, which is a main harmful bacterium, was inoculated, and at 48 ° C. at 48 ° C. After culturing for 72 hours to 72 hours, the elongation growth of the mycelium of the harmful fungus was measured. The measurement results are as shown in Table 5.

[0025]

[Table 5]

As is clear from Table 5, the effect of suppressing the growth of Trichoderma bacterium generally works strongly as the amount of addition increases, and 11 to 17 are obtained when 5% of the larch water extract is added.
%, 10% addition, the suppression effect of 24-29% was recognized, respectively.

From the above results, when the larch water extract was added to various culture media within an appropriate range, on the one hand, both had the action of promoting the growth of mycelium, while on the other hand, it had the opposite effect on the main harmful bacteria. Was found to have the effect of suppressing growth.
Therefore, it is clear that the larch water extract greatly promotes the growth rate on the mycelium of mushrooms by the synergistic effect of the above two actions.

[0028]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The culture medium according to the present invention contains a water extract of larch wood, which has the effects of promoting the growth of mycelium of mushrooms and suppressing the growth of major harmful fungi of mushrooms. It is possible to provide a culture medium in which the number of culturing days in (1) can be significantly shortened and the amount of harvest can be increased, and the mycelium is abundant and the growth of harmful bacteria is suppressed. Therefore, for the mushroom grower, cultivation can be performed with high work efficiency, labor can be reduced, and profit can be increased, which leads to stable management base.

Also, arabinogalactan, which is the main constituent of the larch water extract, is recognized as a food additive, has a very high safety, and is less likely to be contaminated with chemicals than commercial chemical synthetic products. Not at all. Furthermore, since the water extract of larch wood can be easily produced from waste wood with a high yield of about 10% (weight ratio), it can be provided as a growth promoter which is extremely inexpensive in terms of cost.

Since larch water extract as a growth promoter can be obtained from waste materials such as sawmill sawdust that have been conventionally disposed of, it is possible to use resources highly efficiently and is useful from the viewpoint of national economy. It has high quality.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A mushroom culture medium comprising a larch water extract obtained by concentrating and drying a water extract of larch wood as a main component of the artificial culture medium.