JPH0726423B2 - Attachment / detachment mechanism for construction machinery - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a construction machine used for digging and leveling earth and sand, and in particular, an accessory for carrying out various civil engineering works at the tip of an arm. The present invention relates to an attachment / detachment mechanism for a construction machine that can be detachably connected.

[Conventional technology]

In construction machines, especially in excavators, backhoes, and other digging and digging machines, the accessories attached to the arms are often replaced for the purpose of their work.

Conventionally, excavators have been widely used in civil engineering and construction work, and in this excavator, a bucket for excavating earth and sand was connected to the tip of an arm. By swinging the arm and the bucket with a hydraulic cylinder, the arm and the bucket have been actively used for digging earth and sand and forming a groove.

However, the excavator not only carries out the work of digging by attaching a bucket to the tip of the arm, but also uses the mechanism to divert the work to other work. That is,
Instead of a bucket attached to an arm, other accessories were sometimes connected to the arm and used for specific civil engineering work or construction work. For example, there are cases in which buckets with different excavation widths are attached and work is performed in accordance with the hardness of earth and sand and the width of grooves. In addition, a breaker may be connected to the tip of the arm, or a grip may be attached to the arm for breaking work or cargo handling work. By combining these various accessories,
The excavator could be used for various constructions, improving the applicability at the work site.

When such accessories are changed or connected, conventionally, the bucket attached to the tip of the arm is removed and accessories for other uses are manually connected. In this work, first, the pin connecting the arm and the bucket is removed, and the bucket is separated from the arm. Then, after connecting the other accessory to the arm, a pin is inserted so as to penetrate the accessory and the arm to connect them. The work of attaching and detaching accessories for changing the purpose of this excavator was done by input, and it took a lot of time to remove and insert pins and replace accessories, and several workers were required. Such time and personnel required for replacement hinders efficiency at the work site. For this reason, if it becomes possible to freely attach and detach the accessory according to the purpose of work, the number of workers on the site and the efficiency of time will be greatly improved.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

Therefore, only the operator operating the excavator,
If the accessory attached to the tip of the arm can be attached and detached and can be exchanged with the accessory for other uses, it does not require another worker for replacement.

The excavator operator can perform the replacement work independently, and if the work of removing and inserting the pin that penetrates the arm as in the past is unnecessary, the work becomes safe and the time for replacement can be reduced, which is extremely high. The work efficiency will be high.

Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the same inventor of the present application has proposed an accessory attaching / detaching mechanism in which a tip of the arm is provided with a claw that can be expanded and contracted up and down (Japanese Patent Application No. 196763).
(Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-83023)).

In this newly proposed configuration, accessories such as buckets were connected by a pair of claws oriented in opposite directions. For this reason, there has been a drawback that the accessory falls unless the claw is always expanded. For this reason, once the claw and the accessory were connected, it was necessary to constantly apply hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic cylinder. For this reason, an accessory attaching / detaching mechanism that can always connect accessories such as buckets without applying hydraulic pressure has been desired.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention relates to a movable vehicle body, an arm placed on the vehicle body and swingable up and down, a connecting body provided at a tip of the arm, and an accessory engaged with the connecting body to perform civil engineering work. In a construction machine consisting of products, a pair of engaging pins protruding in the left-right direction is provided at the tip of the arm, and an operating pin is erected on each engaging pin at a right angle to the axis and close to the engaging pin. Attachment / detachment of construction machine characterized in that an operating plate that advances and retreats in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction is provided, and each operating pin is engaged with a guide elongated hole that is inclined with respect to the moving direction formed on this operating plate. It provides a mechanism.

[Action]

In the present invention, a pair of engaging pins that can be projected and retracted in the left-right direction are provided at the tip of the arm. With the engagement pin stored in the tip of the arm, the tip of the arm is inserted into the connecting portion of an accessory such as a bucket. Then, when the position of the pin hole of the accessory coincides with the axis, the engaging pin can be projected to connect the accessory and the arm. The protruding engaging pin does not return to the inside, and the auxiliary force is not always required, so that the both can maintain the connected state.

These series of attachment / detachment operations can be performed by being operated by an operator in the seat of the excavator, and do not require the insertion / removal of pins or other workers to replace accessories. And since accessories such as buckets and breakers that have been conventionally used for applied work have pin holes for inserting pins in parallel, it is easy to use these holes. You can connect and disconnect the arm and accessories.

The driving of the engaging pin is performed by an inclined guide hole formed in the operating plate and an operating pin engaged with the guiding hole and fixed to the engaging pin. It is possible to operate both backward and forward. Therefore, the connection and disconnection of the accessory and the arm are sure.

〔Example〕

 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the entire excavator showing a state in which an embodiment of the present invention is stored inside the tip of an arm of the excavator.

Crawlers 2 are provided on the lower left and right sides of a vehicle body 1 on which an engine and the like are mounted, and the crawler 2 allows the vehicle body 1 to freely move back and forth and left and right. A boom 3 bent in a slightly V shape is attached to the front of the vehicle body 1 so as to be vertically swingable. This boom 3
A hydraulic cylinder 4 for depression is interposed between the right and left of the center of the vehicle and the front surface of the vehicle body 1, and the boom 3 is swung up and down by the hydraulic cylinder 4.

A slightly elongated arm 5 is vertically swingably connected to the upper end of the boom 3, and a swing hydraulic cylinder 6 is provided between the center of the rear surface of the boom 3 and the rear end of the arm 5. Intervened. The hydraulic cylinder 6 allows the arm 5 to swing up and down with respect to the boom 3. A rear end of the bucket cylinder 7 is connected to the center of the back surface of the arm 5, and a start-up link 9 is connected to the left and right at the tip of the cylinder rod 8 of the bucket cylinder 7. The lower ends of the rising links 9 are connected to both sides of the tip of the arm 5.

Further, both ends of a slightly U-shaped claw holder 10 are connected to the tip of the cylinder rod 8.
A hook 11 is fixed to the tip of 10. This hook 11
Are claw-shaped and each is directed upward. A support link 13 is connected by a pin 12 between the parallel left and right pieces of the claw holder 10, and the support link
The lower end of 13 is connected to the upper surface of the tip of the arm 5 by a pin 14. The rising link 9, the claw holder 10, the support link 13, and the arm 5 form a link having a slightly parallelogram shape when viewed from the side. Then, on the left and right side surfaces of the tip of the arm 5, engaging pins 15 and 16 which can be retracted from the side surface of the arm 5 are provided.

The bucket 17 shown in FIG. 1 has a conventionally known structure. A mounting body 18 is fixed to a part of the outer periphery of the bucket 17, and a hooking pin 19 is fixed to the upper portion of the mounting body 18. There is. The hooking pin 19 is fixed to a conventional pin hole for attachment to the bucket 17.
Then, pin holes 20 and 21 are opened below the mounting body 18, and these pin holes 20 and 21 connect the conventional bucket 17 to the arm 5 respectively.
It is a hole for inserting a pin for connecting to. The axis of the hook pin 19 and the axis connecting the pin holes 20 and 21 are parallel to each other.

Next, the vicinity of the accessory attaching / detaching mechanism will be enlarged and described with reference to FIG.

A pin 25 is passed through the tip of the cylinder rod 8, and both ends of a slightly U-shaped claw holder 10 are inserted to the left and right of the pin 25. And nail holder
On the outside of the left and right of 10, the upper ends of the rising links 9 are connected to the pins 25, respectively. Further, each lower end of the rising link 9 is rotatably connected to the side surface of the arm 5 by a pin 26.

The claw holder 10 is integrally formed by bending a steel plate, etc., and a pin 12 is pivotally supported between the two pieces close to the closed front piece, and is supported at the center of the pin 12. The upper end of the link 13 is connected. Further, a pair of shaft support pieces 27 are projected on the upper end surface of the arm 5, the lower end of the support link 13 is inserted between both shaft support sides 27, and both are connected by a pin 14.

A pair of hooks 11 are fixed to the front surface of the claw holder 10, and the hooks 11 are formed by cutting a steel plate, for example, and are fixed to the front surface of the claw holder 10 by welding or the like. At the center of the hook 11, there is formed a hook surface 28 which is engraved in a semicircular shape toward the upper side, and a guide surface which is continuously inclined to the hook holder 10 side of the hook surface 28.
29 are formed.

An inspection lid 50 for periodical inspection and maintenance is provided on the upper surface of the tip of the arm 5.

Next, the mechanism for controlling the sliding movement of the engagement pins 15 and 16 in the arm 5 will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, FIG. 3 is a sectional view in which the arm 5 is horizontally cut, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view in which the drive portion is disassembled.

A hydraulic cylinder 30 for driving is housed inside the arm 5 so as to be parallel to the length direction of the arm 5, and a cylinder rod 31 of the hydraulic cylinder 30 is directed to the front of the arm 5. The center of the bottom of a triangular actuating plate 32 is connected to the tip of the cylinder rod 31, and the left and right oblique sides of the actuating plate 32 are arranged so as to form a constant angle with the side surfaces of the arm 5. Guide grooves 33 are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the operating plate from the tip toward the cylinder rod 31. The guide elongated holes 51 and 52 are vertically opened so as to be close to and parallel to the right and left hypotenuses of the operating plate 32.

Block-shaped guide bodies 34, 35 are fixed in parallel to the tip of the arm 5, and the distance between the lower surface of the guide body 34 and the upper surface of the guide body 35 is smaller than the thickness of the operating plate 32. It is set to a slightly larger size. Guide protrusions 36 and 37 are formed at the centers of the guide bodies 34 and 35, respectively, and these guide protrusions 36 and 37 are set so as to mesh with the guide groove 33. The guide groove 33 and the guide protrusions 36 and 37 mesh with each other, and the upper and lower surfaces of the operating plate 32 come into contact with the inner surfaces of the guide bodies 34 and 35.
It is actuated by the force of 31, and its actuating direction is always held in a linear direction.

Next, the shapes of the engagement pins 15 and 16 will be described.

The outer diameters of these engaging pins 15 and 16 are the pin holes 20 and 21.
It is in the shape of a round bar formed to a size slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the. Inside one of the engagement pins 15, there is a coaxial sliding hole.
40 is formed, and an insertion groove 41 having a rectangular cross section is formed on the end surface of the engagement pin 15 and from the opening side of the sliding hole 40 so as to be perpendicular to the axis thereof. The bottom surface inside the insertion groove 41 is the inclined operating surfaces 42 and 43.
The inclination angles of 2 and 43 are matched with the inclination angle of the hypotenuse of the operating plate 32. In addition, a pin hole 53 is formed on the outer peripheral upper surface of the engagement pin 15 on the sliding hole 40 side, and an operation pin 55 passing through the guide elongated hole 51 is fixed to the pin hole 53. .

Next, the outer diameter of the other engaging pin 16 is formed to be slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pin hole 21, so that the entire engaging pin 16 has an integral structure. On the inner side of the arm 5 of the engagement pin 16, insertion parts 44, 45 having a smaller diameter are formed, and the insertion parts 44, 45 have an outer diameter which can be inserted into the sliding hole 40. . An insertion groove 46 is cut at the center of each of the insertion portions 44 and 45 so as to be perpendicular to the axis of the engagement pin 16.
Has a sloping operation surface 47, and the inclination angle of the operation surface 47 matches the inclination angle of the hypotenuse of the operation plate 32. In addition, a pin hole is
54 is formed, and the operation pin 56 that has passed through the elongated guide hole 52 is fixed to the pin hole 54.

The order of assembling the engagement pins 15 and 16 and the operating plate 32 is the fifth.
It will be described with reference to the drawings. In this assembly, the inspection lid 50
Is removed from the arm 5 and the inspection hole 60 is left open.

First, the cylinder rod 31 is retracted to the inside of the hydraulic cylinder 30, and the operating plate 32 is stopped at a position separated from the guide bodies 34 and 35. FIG. 4 shows the state of the detached state. From the side openings 58, 59 of the arm 5, the engaging pin
15 and 16 are respectively inserted, and the insertion portions 44 and 45 of the engagement pin 16 are inserted into the sliding holes 40 of the engagement pin 15. Insertion groove 4 at this time
Position them so that the surfaces of 1 and 46 coincide with each other. When the insertion portions 44 and 45 are inserted all the way into the sliding hole 40, both ends of the engagement pins 15 and 16 do not protrude beyond the side surface of the arm 5 and the side surface of the arm 5 and each engagement pin 15 , 16 heads are located on the same plane.

In this way, when the disposition of the engagement pins 15 and 16 is completed, the hydraulic cylinder 30 is operated and the cylinder rod 31 is pushed out, the operating plate 32 passes through the insertion grooves 41 and 46, and the guide body 34,
It is inserted in the gap of 35. At this time, the guide projections 36 and 37 mesh with the guide groove 33, and the operating plate 32 is regulated so as not to swing to the left or right when sliding. Guide the tip of the operating plate 32
When the inclined surfaces on both sides of the operating plate 32 come into contact with the operating surfaces 42, 43 and 47, the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 30 is temporarily stopped in that state. Then, the operation pins 55 and 56 are inserted through the inspection hole 60, the operation pin 55 is passed through the pin hole 53, and the guide elongated hole 51 is inserted, and the operation pin 56 is inserted into the pin hole 54.
Through the guide slot 52. Therefore, the engagement pins 15 and 16 and the operating plate 32 are connected by the operating pins 55 and 56. Then, when this assembly is completed, the inspection hole 60 is closed with the inspection lid 50.

Since it is assembled in this way, when the hydraulic cylinder 30 is actuated and the cylinder rod 31 is expanded and contracted, the actuation plate 32 is guided by the guide members 34 and 35 to move back and forth. As the operating plate 32 moves back and forth, the operating pins 55, 56 inserted into the guide slots 51, 52 slide in the guide slots 51, 52.
Since the guide slots 51 and 52 are inclined with respect to the moving direction of the operating plate 32, a component force is generated on the operating pins 55 and 56 by the movement of the operating plate 32, and the operating pins 55 and 56 are moved in the left and right opposite directions. Acts to move. Therefore, the engagement pins 15 and 16 move in the left-right direction in FIG. 4, and as a result, the engagement pins 15 and 16 are retracted from the left and right sides of the arm 5 by the action of the hydraulic cylinder 30.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the description of FIG. 6, the operation of connecting the bucket 17 to the tip of the arm 5 will be described.

In order to connect the bucket 17 to the arm 5, the hydraulic cylinder 30 described above is operated and the cylinder rod 31 is retracted. For this reason, the guide slots 51 and 52 draw the actuating pins 55 and 56 toward the center of the arm 5, and the heads of the engaging pins 15 and 16 are pushed inward from the side surface of the arm 5. Since the engagement pins 15 and 16 are connected to the sliding hole 40 and the insertion portions 44 and 45, respectively, they can be pushed inward while being guided. The bucket 17 cannot be connected to the arm 5 unless this preparation is made in advance for replacement of accessories.

First, in FIG. 6A, a state in which no accessory for civil engineering work, here, the bucket 17, is attached to the tip of the arm 5 is shown, and an operation for connecting the bucket 17 will be performed. Become.

Prior to the start of this work, the bucket cylinder 7 is extended to the maximum length and the hook 11 is directed forward as much as possible. By operating the hydraulic cylinders 4 and 6 in this state, the boom 3 and the arm 5 are vertically swung, and the hook 11 is brought close to the engagement pin 19 of the bucket 17. The engaging pin 19 is guided by the hook surface 28 while contacting the guide surface 29 of the hook 11, and the engaging pin 19 can be easily hooked on the hook 11.

When the outer circumference of the engaging pin 19 is brought into contact with the hook surface 28 of the hook 11, the hydraulic cylinders 4 and 6 are operated to slightly depress the arm 5. This state is shown in FIG. 6B.

As shown in this figure, the engagement pin 19 is hooked on the hook 11, and the bucket 17 is lifted as it is. As shown in FIG. 6B, the bucket cylinder 7 is contracted while the bucket 17 remains suspended by the hook 11.
Then, the start-up link 9 rotates in the clockwise direction in the figure around the pin 26, and pulls the claw holder 10 in the right direction in FIG. Therefore, the hook 11 and the entire bucket 17 are also pulled to the right, and the bucket 17 is relatively moved.
The attachment body 15 of FIG. Then, the tip of the arm 5 is inserted between the mounting bodies 18, and finally, the engaging pins 15 and 16 and the pin holes.
It is moved to the point where the central axes of 20 and 21 coincide.

In this way, the engagement pin 15 and the pin hole 20 actuate the hydraulic cylinder 30 and push the cylinder rod 31 in a state where the engagement pin 16 and the pin hole 21 have their central axes aligned with each other. Then, the operating plate 32 is pushed out by the cylinder rod 31, and moves toward the guide bodies 34, 35. Since the operation guide pins 55 and 56 are penetrated through the guide elongated holes 51 and 52 formed in the operation plate 32, the inclined guide elongated holes 51 and 52 are formed into the operation pins.
55, 56 are pushed to move the engagement pins 15, 16 left and right.
Therefore, the engagement pins 15 and 16 slide so as to project outward from the side surface of the arm 5. The operation at this time is the third
It will be moved in the direction indicated by F in the figure.
Thus, the engagement pin 15 is inserted into the pin hole 20,
16 is inserted into the pin hole 21, and the bucket 17 is rotatably connected to the arm 5 by the engaging pins 15 and 16. This connected state is shown in FIG. 6C, which means that the bucket 17 is connected to the tip of the rear arm 5,
The same work as a normal excavator can be performed.

Contrary to the above, in order to remove the bucket 17 from the tip of the arm 5, the bucket 17 is placed on the ground, the hydraulic cylinder 30 is operated in the opposite direction, and the cylinder rod 31 is retracted. The operating plate 32 is moved by the cylinder rod 31, and the guide slot 5
Due to the reduced distance between 1, 52, both actuating pins 55, 56 are drawn closer to the center of the arm 5, so that the two engaging pins 15, 16 are housed in the side openings 58, 59 of the arm 5, The connection between the dowel pins 15 and 16 and the pin holes 20 and 21 is released. Subsequent operations are performed in the order of C, B and A in FIG.

In this way, the operation of pushing out the engagement pins 15 and 16 can be performed by the operator sitting in the cockpit.
Therefore, in order to engage various accessories with the arm 5, the operator can freely select and attach the accessory while operating it while sitting in the driver's seat.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted.

The center of an actuating body 70 formed in a U-shape is connected to the tip of the cylinder rod 31, and the opening of the actuating body 70 is directed forward. The actuating body 70 has upper and lower triangular side portions 71 and 72, and an upper side portion 71 is provided with a guide slot 73 close to the hypotenuse thereof. At 72, a guide slot 74 is opened close to the hypotenuse. Next, inside the arm 5 of each of the engagement pins 15 and 16, two symmetrical portions are cut off along the axis of the engagement pins 15 and 16 at 90 degree intervals. Therefore, the arcuate portions 75, 76, 77, 78 are formed in half of the engagement pins 15, 16. Then, the arc portions 75 and 76 and the arc portion 77,
Since 78 is displaced by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction, both engaging pins 15 and 16 can slide with respect to each other.

Then, on the lower surface of the circular arc portion 76 and the upper surface of the circular arc portion 77, the pin holes 7
9 and 80 are formed, and the operation pin 81 which has passed through the elongated guide hole 74 can be inserted into this pin hole 79.
The operating pin 82, which has passed through the elongated guide hole 73, is assembled in this.

The operation of the second embodiment will be described.

Notches are formed in the halves of the engagement pins 15 and 16 in this embodiment at an angle of 90 degrees, and arcuate portions 7 extending in the lengthwise direction
Although 5, 76, 77, 78 are left, since the arcuate portions 75, 76, 77, 78 of the respective engagement pins 15, 16 are combined in a mutually different manner, the engagement pins 15, 16 are arranged in the longitudinal direction thereof. You can slide freely. Then, when the cylinder rod 31 of the hydraulic cylinder 30 is expanded or contracted, the operating body 70 connected to the cylinder rod 31 also moves in the length direction at the same time. Due to the movement of the actuating body 70, the operating pins 81 and 82 inserted into the guide elongated holes 73 and 74 are acted on by the component force generated due to the inclination of the guide elongated holes 73 and 74, and the operating pins 81 and 82 are respectively A force is applied to the left and right. For this reason, the engaging pins 15 and 16 to which the operating pins 81 and 82 are fixed act in the left and right directions in opposite directions, and the engaging pins 15 and 16 project and retract from the side surface of the arm 5.

In this embodiment, each engagement pin 15, 16 has a circular arc portion 75, 76, 7
Since 7 and 78 are in contact with each other and combined, there is strong stress resistance against bending stress applied to both. Further, since the side surfaces of the engagement pins 15 and 16 are only divided into four equal parts and are cut from the side surfaces, the manufacturing is easy and the assembly is also easy.

〔effect〕

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to connect various accessories to the tip of the conventional excavator with a simple mechanism. Further, in this mechanism, if the accessory is provided with the engaging pin and the pin hole, the engaging pin of the arm can be freely inserted into the pin hole and connected.

Moreover, the acting force of the sliding of the engagement pin operates both forward and backward, so that the arm and the accessory are securely attached and detached. As a result, the operator can operate the accessory by simply sitting in the driver's seat when connecting the accessory, which eliminates the need for a worker on the ground and shortens the installation time.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing the age when one embodiment of the present invention is applied to an excavator, FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view showing an attachment / detachment mechanism at the tip of an arm, and FIG. 3 is a mechanism for retracting a pin. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the arm, FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view in which the above-mentioned respective parts are disassembled, and FIG.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view for explaining the operation of this embodiment, FIG. 7 is a sectional view of an arm showing a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view in which main parts of the same are disassembled. . 1 ... Car body, 5 ... arm, 7 ... bucket cylinder as hydraulic cylinder, 11 ... hook as claw body,
15, 16 ... Engaging pin, 17 ... Bucket as an accessory,
32 …… Operating plate, 51, 52, 73, 74 …… Guide slot, 55, 56,
81, 82 …… Operating pin, 70 …… Operating body.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A movable vehicle body, an arm placed on the vehicle body and capable of swinging up and down, a connecting body provided at a tip of the arm, and engaged with the connecting body to perform civil engineering work. In a construction machine consisting of accessories, a pair of engaging pins protruding in the left-right direction is provided at the tip of the arm, and an operating pin is erected on each engaging pin at a right angle to the axis and close to the engaging pin. An accessory for a construction machine characterized in that an operating plate that moves forward and backward in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the lever is provided, and each operating pin is engaged with a guide slot formed in the operating plate and inclined to the moving direction. Detachable mechanism.