JPH0734696B2 - Spray type cultivation device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial field of application) The present invention relates to a spray-type cultivation apparatus in which a culture solution is mist-shaped and directly sprayed onto the roots of plants.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, an apparatus of this type is disclosed in, for example, JP-A-49-91833. As shown in FIG. 5, the apparatus comprises a growth chamber 42 having a bow-shaped roof 41 that allows sunlight to pass through, and one side of the chamber 42 has an evaporative cooler 43 for cooling the inside and a heating chamber for heating the inside. A furnace (not shown) is provided. And if necessary, evaporative cooler
43 or the furnace is operated to adjust the internal temperature.

As shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of support structures 44 each having an isosceles triangular cross section for supporting the plant P are arranged inside the growing chamber 42. Inside the support structure 44, a conduit 46 having a plurality of spray heads 45 for spraying the culture solution onto the roots R of the plant P fitted inside the support structure 44 is arranged. Then, the culture solution is fed to the conduit 46 and sprayed on the root R of the plant P via the spray head 45.

(Problems to be solved by the invention) However, in the above-mentioned device, the evaporative cooler 43 is used for the growth chamber.
42 Although the interior was cooled, no measures were taken to cool the inside of the support structure 44. That is, since the growing room 42 is designed to take in sunlight from the roof 41, the cooling effect of the evaporative cooler 43 is impeded by the radiant heat of the sunlight, and it is possible to cool every corner of the vast growing room 42. Was difficult. Therefore, the inside of the support structure 44 could not be cooled with high efficiency, and the rhizosphere of the plant P could not be cooled with high efficiency. This was a fatal obstacle in the spray-type cultivation apparatus in which the root R was exposed and the culture solution was sprayed. That is, depending on the type of plant, when the rhizosphere temperature becomes high, there arises a problem that the nutrient absorption of the root becomes poor and the root aging is promoted. Further, in the rhizosphere highly demanding low temperature, there arises a problem that when the rhizosphere temperature becomes high, the growth and development of the plant body is inhibited due to flower bud differentiation and the like.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a spray-type cultivation method capable of adjusting the rhizosphere temperature according to the characteristics of a plant with a simple configuration.

Configuration of the Invention (Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention is a spray-type cultivation apparatus equipped with a means for heating or cooling a cultivation space in which a root of a plant is stretched. A hollow cultivation case is constituted by an outer wall having a plurality of support holes for supporting a plant body, and a space surrounded by the cultivation case is defined as a cultivation space, and the cultivation space is heated inside the cultivation case. Or, as a means for cooling, a temperature control passage consisting of a water pipe and a water duct for communicating a medium of a predetermined temperature is provided, and inside the cultivation case, a culture solution spraying means is arranged and the culture solution spraying is performed. The gist is that a recovery groove for recovering the culture solution sprayed and supplied by the means is provided, and the water passage duct is arranged along the recovery groove.

(Operation) Therefore, the roots of the plant body supported by the support holes are exposed inside the cultivation case, and sufficient oxygen is supplied. Further, the culture solution is sprayed onto the roots by the culture solution spraying means, and the fertilizer and the water are supplied to the plants.

On the other hand, by circulating a low-temperature medium through the temperature adjusting passage, the inside of the cultivation case is cooled through the passage and the rhizosphere of the plant is cooled. Further, by circulating a high-temperature medium through the temperature adjusting passage, the inside of the cultivation case is loosened through the passage and the rhizosphere of the plant is loosened.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example in which the present invention is embodied in a strawberry cultivation apparatus will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, this cultivating apparatus includes a transparent vinyl house 1 that allows sunlight to pass through, and inside the house 1, a cultivating case 2 having a substantially trapezoidal cross section extending in the longitudinal direction thereof.
(Length 10 to 15 m) are arranged in three rows in parallel.

A plurality of ventilation windows 3 provided with an electric fan (not shown) are provided on the side wall of the house 1, and forced ventilation in the house 1 is performed based on the operation of the electric fan. The roof of the house 1 is provided with a skylight (not shown) for ventilation.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of guide wires 4 installed on the upper inside of the house 1 are provided with a light shielding net 5 (in this case, a net having a light shielding ratio of 20%) so as to be reciprocally movable in the arrow X direction. It is equipped. Then, based on the operation of the winding rope (not shown), a shading net 5 covers the entire ceiling of the house 1 as shown by a solid line in FIG. As shown by the chain double-dashed line in the figure, they are bundled at both corners of the house 1 and are switched to a retracted position that allows sunlight to enter. A light shielding net 6 is provided on both inner sides of the house 1 so that the house 1 can be wound upward based on an operation of a winding rope (not shown). Then, as shown in FIG.
In the state where the light shielding net 6 is arranged at a position covering the entire side walls of the house 1, a part of the sunlight entering from the side wall of the house 1 is blocked. In this way, the house 1 by the shading nets 5 and 6
By covering the entire inside of the house, approximately 20% of the sunlight entering the house 1 is blocked. In addition, this shaded state is appropriately set according to the growth stage of strawberries.

Next, cultivation case 2 will be described. Since the three cultivation cases 2 have the same structure, only one cultivation case 2 will be described.

2 along the longitudinal direction of the house 1 as shown in Figs.
A support frame 8 forming a framework of the cultivation case 2 is mounted on a base 7 composed of a plurality of concrete blocks arranged in a row.
Is erected. The support frame 8 is provided with a pair of lower frames 9 provided along both bases 7, and both lower frames 9 are connected via connecting rods 10 arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction. Further, a trapezoidal frame 13 composed of a pair of columnar rods 11 standing upright on the lower frame 9 and an upper frame 12 connecting the upper ends of both columnar rods 11 is arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the lower frame 9. ing. Three support rods 14, 15 and 16 are attached in parallel to the upper portion of each trapezoidal frame 13 between the columnar rods 11. Furthermore, the upper and middle portions of each trapezoidal frame 13 are connected to the connecting rods 17,18.
Are respectively connected via.

Outer walls 19 made of a plurality of Styrofoam panels are attached to both sides in the longitudinal direction of the support frame 8 assembled as described above. A plurality of support holes 19a (diameter 12 to 13 mm) for fitting and supporting the plant P are formed on the outer wall 19 at equal intervals. Further, the outer wall 20 and the like made of a plurality of styrofoam panels are attached to the upper side and both ends of the support frame 8. Also, a black vinyl sheet is attached to the entire surface of the outer wall 19, 20, etc., and a plurality of slits 21a extending in the vertical direction are formed on the vinyl sheet 21 in correspondence with the respective support holes 19a on the outer wall 19. ing. In this way, the outer walls 19, 20 and the like made of the polystyrene foam panel and the vinyl sheet 21 are
By this, the entire outer periphery of the support frame 8 is covered, and the hollow cultivation case 2 having a heat insulating effect is formed.

Inside the cultivation case 2, a water pipe 22 made of synthetic resin extending in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation case 2 is supported on each support rod 14. One end of the water pipe 22 is closed, and the other end is led out from one side end of the cultivation case 2. Branch pipes 22a extending upward are provided at equal intervals on the water pipe 22, and the upper ends of the branch pipes 22a project upward from the cultivation case 2. A spray nozzle 23 is attached to the upper end of the branch pipe 22a for spraying the water supplied to the water pipe 22 to the outer circumference of the cultivation case 2 in a mist form.

Further, below the water pipe 22, a pair of water pipes 24 made of synthetic resin extending parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cultivation case 2 are supported on each support rod 15. Both ends of the water pipe 24 are led out to both sides from both ends of the cultivation case 2.

Further, one ends of both the water passage pipes 22 and 24 are connected to a common water supply pipe 25, and the water supply pipe 25 is connected to a water supply pump 26. Then, the groundwater W pumped up based on the operation of the water supply pump 26 is sent to the water pipes 22 and 24 via the water pipe 25, and the water pipe 24
The air above the inside of the cultivation case 2 is maintained at a temperature close to the groundwater temperature by the groundwater W via the.

On the other hand, below the water pipes 24, on the support rods 16, liquid passage pipes for extending the culture liquid that extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cultivation case 2.
27 are supported. Further, below the liquid passage pipe 27, a pair of liquid passage pipes 28 for sending the culture liquid extending parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cultivation case 2 are supported on each connecting rod 10. Each tube 2
One end of 7,28 is closed and the other end is led out from one side end of the cultivation case 2. Also, on each pipe 27, 28, the same pipe 2
Spray nozzles 29 for spraying the culture solution supplied to 7, 28 inside the cultivation case 2 in the form of mist are arranged at equal intervals. Then, by the spray nozzle 29, the outer wall 19
The culture solution is spray-supplied to the root R of the plant P fitted inside the cultivation case 2 from the support hole 19a. Further, one end of each liquid passage pipe 27, 28 led out to the outside of the cultivation case 2 is connected to a common liquid supply pipe 30 for supplying the culture liquid. This supply pipe
30 is connected to the liquid supply pump 31, and the culture liquid F stored in the culture liquid storage tank 32 is supplied to the liquid passage pipes 27 and 28 via the liquid supply pipe 30 based on the operation of the pump 31. Incidentally, the liquid passages 27, 28, the injection nozzle 29 and the like constitute a culture solution spraying means. The culture solution F in this case is prepared by mixing various fertilizer components for spray-type cultivation of strawberries without excess or deficiency, and the concentration thereof is appropriately set according to the growth stage of strawberries. Further, a water pipe (not shown) is provided on the outer periphery of the culture solution storage tank 32.
The ground water W is supplied to the outer periphery of the storage tank 32 by the water passage pipe so that the culture solution is always kept at a predetermined temperature.

A culture solution recovery groove 33 for recovering the culture solution F that has been spray-supplied from the injection nozzle 29 to the root R of the plant P and has dropped down is provided between both bases 7 below the liquid passage tube 28. It is formed along the longitudinal direction of the table 7. The recovery groove 33 is provided with a gentle inclination toward one end thereof, and at the lower end of the inclination, a lead-out pipe 34 for introducing the culture solution F recovered in the culture solution recovery groove 33 to the outside is disposed, One end of the tube 34 is connected to the culture solution storage tank 32. Then, the culture solution F recovered in the culture solution recovery groove 33 and moved to the outlet pipe 34 based on the inclination of the culture solution F
Is collected again in the culture solution storage tank 32 and is reused.

A vinyl water duct 35 extending along the culture solution recovery groove 33 is provided along the groove 33. This water duct
An inlet pipe 36 is connected to one end of the duct 35 in order to supply the groundwater W into the pipe 35, and one end of the pipe 36 is the water supply pipe.
Connected to 25. Further, in order to discharge the water in the water duct 35, a lead-out pipe (not shown) is connected to the other end of the duct 35. Then, based on the operation of the water supply pump 26, the groundwater W is supplied into the water passage duct 35, so that the air inside the cultivation case 2 is kept at a temperature close to the groundwater temperature via the water passage duct 35. Further, when the culture solution F that has been spray-supplied from the spray nozzle 29 to the roots R of the plant P and dropped down comes into contact with the water passage duct 35 when being collected in the culture solution collection groove 33, a temperature close to the groundwater temperature. It is designed to be held at. It should be noted that the water duct and the water pipe 24 constitute a temperature adjusting passage through which the groundwater W as a medium flows in order to adjust the rhizosphere temperature of the plant P. The water temperature of the groundwater W in this case is maintained at about 14 ° C throughout the year.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, electric power lighting bulbs 37 are arranged on both sides of the lower part of the cultivation case 2 at equal intervals so that both side surfaces of the cultivation case 2 are irradiated from below.
Then, the back surface of the leaf L (see FIG. 4) of the plant P supported on the cultivation case 2 is illuminated by the light bulb 37. The irradiation with the light bulb 37 is appropriately performed depending on the stage of strawberry growth.

Next, the operation of the strawberry cultivation device configured as described above will be described.

Now, in order to cultivate strawberries using this cultivation device, the strawberry plant P grown in advance in the nursery is supported on both sides of the cultivation case 2 at the seedling stage. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the stem portion S of the plant P is fitted and supported in the support hole 19a through the slit 21a of the vinyl sheet 21, and the root R is attached to the outer wall 19.
The leaf L is exposed to the outside of the vinyl sheet 21 while being exposed to the inside of the vinyl sheet 21. In this state, the leaves L of the plant P can be irradiated with sunlight, and the back surface of the leaves L can be irradiated with the light of the electric bulb 37.

Next, the ground water W is pre-filled in the water pipes 22 and 24 and the water duct 35, and the culture solution F is pre-filled in the liquid pipes 27 and 28. By operating the water supply pump 26 in this state, the groundwater W in the water pipe 22 is immediately sprayed from the spray nozzle 23 and sprayed on the leaves L of the plant P and the outer periphery of the cultivation case 2. Thereby, the leaf L of the plant P and the cultivation case 2 can be appropriately washed, and the inside of the greenhouse 1 can be appropriately humidified. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of pests due to abnormal dryness or abnormal humidity. Also, new groundwater W is fed to the water pipe 24 and the water duct 35, and the groundwater W in both 24 and 35 is gradually replaced. As a result, the groundwater W can keep every corner inside the cultivation case 2 at an appropriate temperature. That is,
When the inside of the cultivation case 2 is hot, it is cooled, and when it is cold, it is heated. Therefore, the rhizosphere temperature of the plant P can be maintained at an appropriate temperature throughout the day and night and throughout the year. Further, the inside of the house 1 can be indirectly maintained at an appropriate temperature (20 to 25 ° C.) by the ground water W in the water pipe 24 and the water duct 35.

Further, by operating the liquid supply pump 31, the liquid passage pipes 27, 2
The culture solution F is immediately sprayed from the injection nozzle 29 via 8 and supplied to the root R of the plant P. As a result, the plant P
Fertilizer and water are added to. At this time, the culture solution F dripping from the root R and recovered in the culture solution recovery groove 33 contacts the water passage duct 35 and is maintained at a temperature close to the groundwater temperature. Thereby, the temperature change of the culture solution F moving between the recovery groove 33 and the storage tank 32 can be prevented, and the temperature change of the entire culture solution F collected in the storage tank 32 can be reduced. As a result, the culture solution F sprayed from the spray nozzle 29 onto the plant P can be always maintained at an appropriate temperature, and the malabsorption of the fertilizer component of the root R can be prevented.

Then, the cultivation method of strawberries is described below.

(1) Light management Before flower bud differentiation, 6 am-10 am and 3 pm
All light conditions not to block sunlight by shading nets 5 and 6 between hours and 6 pm, and shading nets 5 and 6 between 10 am and 3 pm
Due to this, a light-shielding condition that blocks part of the sunlight is set. In cloudy weather, supplementary illumination is performed by the light bulb 37 under the above-mentioned all-light condition.

In the case of flower bud differentiation, the light-shielding nets 5 and 6 are used in the daytime to set all-light conditions in which sunlight is not blocked, and at night, the light bulb 37 is used to illuminate at a rate of 10 minutes per hour.

(2) Management of culture solution Before flower bud differentiation, 1.5 minutes in 5 minutes during the day, 1 night at night
The culture medium F is supplied at a rate of 1.5 minutes in 0 minutes. The concentration of the culture solution F is EC (electrical conductivity) of 0.2 to 0.3 ms / cm.

After the flower bud differentiation, the feeding time is the same as that before the flower bud differentiation, and the concentration of the culture solution F is EC 0.5 to 0.7 ms / cm.

(3) Control of rhizosphere temperature Water pipe at a rate of 3 to 5 minutes per hour both before and after flower bud differentiation
Cultivation case 2 by supplying groundwater W to 24 and water duct 35
The temperature of the rhizosphere is set to about 20 to 25 ℃ in the daytime and 14 to 16 ℃ in the night.

Generally, flower bud differentiation of strawberries is promoted on short days and at low temperature (especially low temperature in rhizosphere). Therefore, the short-day condition is satisfied by controlling the light before the flower bud differentiation, and the low temperature condition is satisfied by controlling the rhizosphere temperature. As a result, flower bud differentiation of the plant P can be promoted and flower buds can be formed in a short time.

In general, the development of strawberry flower buds is promoted over a long period of time. Therefore, long-day conditions are established by controlling the light after the flower bud differentiation, and the flower buds can be flowered in a short time by promoting the development of the differentiated flower buds.

After flowering, pollination by honeybees is performed to promote flower setting.

As described above, in this example, it is possible to promote flower bud differentiation and flower bud development, so that fruiting can be achieved multiple times throughout the year.

Further, in this example, since the root R inside the cultivation case 2 is bare, it is possible to supply sufficient oxygen to the root R of the strawberry having a large oxygen demand to promote the growth of the plant P. Furthermore, by controlling the culture solution, the culture solution F is timely root R
Since it is spray-supplied to the roots, it is possible to prevent the roots R from drying by keeping the humidity of the rhizosphere in a sufficient state without causing a shortage of fertilizer. As a result, it is possible to prevent the root R from aging and promote the generation and elongation of primary roots.

Furthermore, in this example, since the rhizosphere temperature can be maintained at a uniform and appropriate temperature, malabsorption of the culture solution of the root R can be prevented, and physiological disorders (chip burn, abnormal flower, etc.) of the plant P can be prevented. Can be prevented.

As described above, since the plant P can be grown soundly, the useful life of the plant P can be extended and fruit harvesting for a plurality of years with the same solid can be performed. As a result, annual seedling production can be omitted and the cost can be reduced.

In addition, since the structure for maintaining the rhizosphere temperature is simply to arrange the water pipe 24 and the water duct 35 in the cultivation case 2 to feed the groundwater W, the construction is easy and the maintenance cost can be reduced. Becomes

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment,
For example, the cultivation case 2 may be configured to have a triangular cross-section, the number of the water passages 24, the water passages 35, and the liquid passages 27 and 28 may be increased or decreased. It is also possible to appropriately change a part of the configuration without departing from the spirit of the invention, such as supplying hot spring water to the water supply duct 24 and the water duct 35 and applying it to tropical plant cultivation. .

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As described in detail above, according to the present invention, the rhizosphere temperature can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the plant with a simple structure, and the growth of the plant can be promoted. Be effective. That is, the roots of the plant are kept at a predetermined temperature without being exposed to the outside air, the rhizosphere is effectively cooled, the nutrient absorption of the root is not impaired, and aging is not promoted. , With the advantage of being able to solve the problems in the heating or cooling means of the cultivation space in the spray-type cultivation apparatus of the prior art without causing the problem of inhibiting the development, further,
It is possible to prevent the malabsorption of the fertilizer component of the root by providing a water duct in the recovery groove of the spray-supplied culture solution to contribute to keeping the culture solution at an appropriate temperature.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway view showing the entire spray-type cultivation apparatus embodying the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing the essential parts of the spray-type cultivation apparatus, and FIG. 3 shows the entire spray-type cultivation apparatus. A perspective view and FIG. 4 are partial cutaway views showing a supported state of a plant. FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a conventional example, and FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway view showing the conventional example. 2 ... Cultivation case, 19, 20 ... Outer wall, 19a ... Support hole, 21
a …… slit, 24 …… water pipe, 35 …… water duct (24,
35 constitutes a temperature control passage), 27, 28 ... liquid passage pipe, 29 ... injection nozzle (27 to 29 constitute culture solution spraying means), F ... culture solution, P …… Plant, R …… Root,
W: medium, S: stem.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location 7231-2B A01G 31/00 F 7231-2B B

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A spray-type cultivating apparatus comprising means for heating or cooling a cultivation space for planting roots, wherein a plurality of roots (R) of the plant (P) are supported in a state where the roots (R) are fitted inside. Outer wall (19,20) with supporting holes (19a)
To form a hollow cultivation case (2), and a space surrounded by the cultivation case (2) is used as a cultivation space, and a means for heating or cooling the cultivation space is provided inside the cultivation case (2). As the above, a temperature control passage including a water pipe (24) and a water duct (35) for circulating a medium (W) having a predetermined temperature is provided, and the culture solution spraying means ( 27, 28, 29) and a recovery groove (33) for recovering the culture solution (F) spray-supplied by the culture solution spraying means (27, 28, 29 etc.) is provided. 33) A spray-type cultivation device, wherein the water passage duct (35) is arranged along the line 33).