JPH0737615B2 - Soil or soil conditioner containing a porous ion exchanger - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to an artificial soil or a soil conditioner suitable for plant growth, particularly for decorative plants.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, various kinds of artificial soils for decorative plants have been developed and used, and porous inorganic minerals such as vermiculite and perlite are also used for this artificial soil.

On the other hand, the inventors of the present invention, as a soil for which maintenance work of irrigation and fertilization has been omitted for a long period of time, inorganic or organic porous ion exchanger, vermiculite, perlite,
Soil for plant cultivation in which at least one kind of porous inorganic substance such as zeolite is physically mixed (JP-A-60-75209)
And a soil conditioner (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-91282) in which slag wool is physically mixed with an inorganic or organic ion exchanger. In these soils and soil conditioners, water is retained in porous inorganic minerals such as vermiculite, perlite, zeolites, slag wool, etc., while fertilizing components are adsorbed by ion exchangers and these are consumed by plants. And is gradually released from the porous inorganic mineral or ion exchanger to be replenished.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

In order to prevent the evaporation of moisture into the atmosphere, such soil has been used by putting plants into a bag such as a plastic sheet that is impermeable to moisture while being planted.

On the other hand, mycorrhizal fungi generally live in the roots of plants. The mycorrhizal fungus receives nutrients such as minerals and vitamins from the mycorrhizal fungus, and the mycorrhizal fungus receives organic matter from the roots as a growth source. However, the above-mentioned plastics have a problem that the mycorrhizal fungi cannot grow because the oxygen in the soil is insufficient because the oxygen permeability is low.

The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a means for stably supplying oxygen to grow mycorrhizal fungi in an environment in which evaporation of water is minimized. .

[Means for Solving the Problems]

The above object could be achieved by combining the soil with activated carbon or charcoal that adsorbs oxygen.
According to the present invention, by using activated carbon or charcoal that adsorbs oxygen, oxygen necessary for the growth of mycorrhizal fungi is gradually released over a long period of time, and activated charcoal and charcoal themselves promote the growth of mycorrhizal fungi. It was made with the finding that it releases the nutrients necessary for plant growth.

That is, the present invention is a soil or soil improver containing an inorganic or organic porous ion exchanger and a porous inorganic mineral, a plant soil or soil characterized by combining activated carbon or charcoal that adsorbs oxygen. The present invention relates to a plant improving agent.

Inorganic or organic porous ion exchangers adsorb and retain fertilizing components in the form of cations and anions, and thus both cation exchangers and anion exchangers are necessary. However, when a porous inorganic mineral such as vermiculite or slag wool having a chaotic exchange ability is used, only an anion exchanger is required. As the inorganic porous ion exchanger, for example, a porous inorganic mineral such as vermiculite, zeolite or slag wool having an ion exchange group bonded thereto can be used. Examples of organic porous ion exchangers include various ion exchange resins commercially available in which various ion exchange groups are introduced into a matrix obtained by crosslinking polystyrene with divinylbenzene or a matrix of acrylic, methacrylic, ethyleneimine, etc. You can The ion exchange resin is preferably more porous. A particle size of 0.1 mm to 5 mm is suitable.

As the ion exchange group, in the case of a cation exchanger, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phenol group,
A thiol group or the like can be used, and a chelate-forming type may be used. In the case of an anion exchanger, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine and the like can be used. However, strong acid and strong base ion exchange groups are not preferable because they are difficult to release once adsorbed ions, and those having medium or weak acid ion exchange groups or those which form a chelate and adsorb are preferable.

The ion exchanger may be an anion exchanger and a cation exchanger, or may be an amphoteric ion exchanger. It is preferable that the exchange capacities of the anion and the cation are almost equal.

Before use, the fertilizer is adsorbed on the ion exchanger. The adsorption method may be a known method, and any ion exchanger may be brought into an active form or another ionic form capable of adsorbing the fertilizing component and then contacted with an aqueous solution of the fertilizing component. This adsorption is generally performed before mixing the ion exchanger with the other soil components, but may be done after mixing. Since the ion exchanger usually also has a physical adsorption ability, adsorption of nonionic or weakly ionic fertilizing components also occurs.

Porous inorganic minerals are vermiculite, perlite, natural or synthetic zeolites, montmorillonite, kaolin,
Minerals such as halosite and slag wool can be used. Slag wool is a slag that is produced as a by-product during iron making, steel making, etc., and is processed into wool. The porous inorganic mineral is not limited to one kind, and two or more kinds can be used in combination. The porous inorganic material is used in a water absorbing state. In order to attain this water absorption state, it suffices to supply water to the porous inorganic mineral, and it is usually brought into a state close to hydration. A fertilizing component may also be adsorbed on this porous inorganic mineral.

The present invention is characterized in that the activated carbon or charcoal that adsorbs oxygen is combined with the soil or soil improver containing them. The type of activated carbon does not matter, it is wood, sawdust, coconut husk, animal bones, lignite, brown coal, peat,
The thing prepared from coal etc. can be mentioned. In addition, organic waste discharged according to the local environment can be appropriately carbonized, activated and used.

Charcoal may also be obtained from any wood. In recent years, the treatment of bark has become a problem, but in the present invention, the carbide of this bark can also be preferably used.

The activated charcoal and the charcoal may be powdered charcoal, but granular charcoal is preferable in terms of handling. Adsorption of oxygen to activated carbon, charcoal, or charcoal may be carried out by a conventional method. For example, degassing may be effected by heating under reduced pressure if necessary, and then oxygen may be passed through after cooling. Air may be used as the oxygen gas, and therefore activated carbon or charcoal prepared by a conventional method can be used as it is. Activated carbon and charcoal that have adsorbed oxygen may be uniformly mixed with the above-mentioned soil or soil improver, or may be arranged around it.

The soil or soil improver of the present invention may contain other commonly used soil components such as peat moss.

As composition, inorganic or organic porous ion exchanger 5-35%
Degree, usually about 10 to 30%, porous inorganic minerals about 20 to 70%, usually about 30 to 50%, activated carbon or charcoal about 5 to 25%,
Usually, it is about 5 to 10%, and other soil components are about 0 to 50% by weight. The soil and soil improver of the present invention may further contain synthetic fiber cotton or the like in an amount of about 0 to 70% with respect to the total amount thereof.

The soil or soil improver of the present invention is usually used after being planted and then put in a bag or a molded pack. At that time, the mouth of the bag is tied with a string to reduce the evaporation of water. Activated carbon or charcoal may be placed in this bag, or it may be placed outside by using a bag made of a breathable material such as polypropylene. In the latter case, it is desirable to further cover the outside of the activated carbon or charcoal with a bag of a plastic impermeable to oxygen gas, such as vinylidene chloride, so that oxygen is released through the breathable bag. If the plant is for ornamental use, put it in a pot or the like in the above state and use it.

[Action]

The soil and the soil improving agent of the present invention satisfy the three conditions of gas phase: liquid phase: solid phase of the stem portion necessary for plant growth. That is, by sealing the soil part in the solid phase with a bag-like material, the liquid phase: the solid phase is prevented from flowing out, and the gas phase required for the growth of mycorrhizal fungi is activated carbon or charcoal with adsorbed oxygen. The gas phase is supplied by combining them. In this state, the fertilizing component is gradually released from the ion exchanger and supplied, and the plant continues to grow. The root acid generated from the root due to the growth of the plant is neutralized by the adsorption of the ion exchanger used as a part of the solid phase. The gas generated from the roots is adsorbed by using an ion exchanger and activated carbon or charcoal as a part of the solid phase, and when the liquid phase is supplied, it is sealed to minimize transpiration, and part of the solid phase. Solving long-term water retention by using porous inorganic substances such as slag wool and vermiculite with large water absorption,
Prevent water spoilage in long-term water retention with ion exchangers. As a result of the soil of the present invention having these effects, a horizontal decoration that could not be considered in the conventional genuine plant decoration,
An ornamental plant that does not require irrigation for a long period of time has become possible, which can be upside down, aerial, or in the bathroom.

〔Example〕

Example 1 70% of plant soil A material having the following composition and 30% of B material were mixed.

Material A Pete moss 40% Slag wool 7% Vermiculite 25% Vermiculite anion exchanger (Waken Co., Ltd.) 23
% Slag wool type anion exchanger (Waken Co., Ltd.) 5% Fertilizer (“BM Yorin”,) (enzyme 33g / 100, iodine phosphorus mixed fertilizer 162g / 100 and slow-acting fertilizer 10g / 700ml are included) Small amount B material Tremos (trade name, Toray Industries, Inc.) (Plastic porous body)
50%, nylon-based cotton 50%) 90-85% Slagwool-based anion exchanger (Waken Co., Ltd.) 10-50
% 6% of commercially available activated carbon that adsorbs oxygen to this mixed soil
The mixture was added and mixed, and 50 cc of water was added to 50 g of this soil.

The plant soil thus obtained was planted with Warnecky, put in a polypropylene bag, and the mouth was tied with a string as shown in FIG.

When this plant was left in the bathroom without supplementing water and fertilizer, it continued to grow for 120 days without dying.

Example 2 50 cc of water was added to 50 g of mixed soil of the same A and B materials as in Example 1 to plant Diffenbachia. This was put in a polypropylene bag, and this bag was housed in a vinylidene chloride bag containing activated carbon saturated with oxygen so as to surround the activated carbon as shown in FIG. From the outside of the bag of vinylidene chloride, the part was tied with a string, placed in a pot and kept in a coffee shop without supplementing water, fertilizer, etc. Diffenbakia continued to grow without dying for 120 days .

Example 3 Same as in Example 1, mixed with 50% of A material and 50 of B material, 10% of bark carbonaceous material adsorbing oxygen was added and mixed, and this soil 40
50 cc of water was added per gram.

Planting Warnecky on the plant soil thus obtained,
This was put in a polypropylene bag and D was tied with a string as shown in FIG.

When this plant was left indoors for wall hangings without supplementing with water and fertilizer, it did not die for 90 days and continued to grow.

Comparative Example 1 When Warnecky was grown in the same manner as in Example 1 except that activated carbon was not added, the growth slowed down from about 30 days and started to die on the 50th day.

Comparative Example 2 Warnecky was grown in the same manner as in Example 1 using soil in which slag wool was mixed with 10% of activated carbon and 50 cc of water was added per 50 g of this soil. As a result, the growth became dull from around the 15th day and the plant died one month later.

〔The invention's effect〕

By using the soil or the soil improving agent of the present invention, the plant can be continuously grown for a long period of 6 months to 1 year without irrigation and fertilization. Such a plant can take various decorative forms such as horizontal decoration, upside-down decoration, aerial decoration, etc., from where the soil is fixed.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 and 2 are perspective views showing a state in which plants are grown using the soil of the present invention.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Teruo Hiramatsu Inventor Teruo Hiramatsu 1-6-60 Nishimiyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Pusaza Shin-Osaka Building 702 WGI Kenkyukai In-house (56) Reference JP-A-61-91282 ( JP, A) JP-A-49-54125 (JP, A)

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A soil for plants characterized in that soil containing an inorganic or organic porous ion exchanger and a porous inorganic mineral is combined with activated carbon or charcoal that adsorbs oxygen. 2. A soil improving agent for plants, characterized in that a soil improving agent containing an inorganic or organic porous ion exchanger and a porous inorganic mineral is combined with activated carbon or charcoal that adsorbs oxygen.