JPH073792B2 - Fuel cell power generation system - Google Patents
Fuel cell power generation systemInfo
- Publication number
- JPH073792B2 JPH073792B2 JP61307384A JP30738486A JPH073792B2 JP H073792 B2 JPH073792 B2 JP H073792B2 JP 61307384 A JP61307384 A JP 61307384A JP 30738486 A JP30738486 A JP 30738486A JP H073792 B2 JPH073792 B2 JP H073792B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- fuel cell
- control valve
- opening
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04679—Failure or abnormal function of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04761—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell exhausts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明はシステム非常時に負荷を開放した時に、電池
単セル電圧が所定値を越えることがなく、すみやかに一
定負荷運転に移り、電池を短時間に安全に停止すること
ができる燃料電池システムに関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention allows the battery single cell voltage to never exceed a predetermined value when the load is released in the event of a system emergency, and promptly shifts to constant load operation to shorten the battery. The present invention relates to a fuel cell system that can be safely stopped in time.
第２図は、例えば特開昭60−250564号公報に示されたよ
うな従来例として示された燃料電池発電システムおよび
特開昭61−200673号公報に示されたような従来例を合わ
せ示した燃料電池発電システムであり、図において、
（１）は燃料電池スタツク槽、（２）は燃料電池スタツ
ク、（３）は燃料極、（４）は空気極、（５）はリン酸
電解質層、（６）は燃料流量調節弁、（７）は窒素流量
調節弁、（８）は空気流量調節弁、（９）は電池スタツ
ク槽の窒素圧力調節弁、（10）は燃料極と電池スタツク
槽窒素の差圧を調節する燃料差圧調節弁、（11）は空気
極（４）と電池スタツク槽窒素の差圧を調節する空気差
圧調節弁、（12）は抵抗器、（13）は直流開閉器で、電
池の直流出力端に並列に接続されており、（14）は直流
しや断器、（15）は負荷装置である。FIG. 2 also shows a fuel cell power generation system shown as a conventional example as shown in JP-A-60-250564 and a conventional example as shown in JP-A-61-200673. Fuel cell power generation system,
(1) is a fuel cell stack tank, (2) is a fuel cell stack, (3) is a fuel electrode, (4) is an air electrode, (5) is a phosphoric acid electrolyte layer, (6) is a fuel flow rate control valve, ( 7) is a nitrogen flow rate control valve, (8) is an air flow rate control valve, (9) is a nitrogen pressure control valve in the cell stack tank, and (10) is a fuel differential pressure that regulates the differential pressure between the fuel electrode and the cell stack tank nitrogen. A control valve, (11) an air differential pressure control valve that adjusts the differential pressure between the air electrode (4) and the nitrogen in the battery stack tank, (12) a resistor, (13) a DC switch, and the DC output end of the battery. (14) is a DC switch or disconnector, and (15) is a load device.
次に動作について説明する。燃料流量調節弁（６）およ
び空気流量調節弁（８）より各々所定流量の燃料および
空気が電池スタツク（２）の燃料極（３）および空気極
（４）に供給され、電池反応によつて直流電力を発生す
る。電池動作圧力は窒素流量調節弁（７）より電池スタ
ツク槽（１）に供給され、窒素圧力調節弁（９）により
調節された電池スタツク槽窒素圧力を基準とし、該電池
スタツク槽窒素圧力より、例えば約100mmAq低い圧力に
燃料極（３）を、また、例えば約50mmAq低い圧力に空気
極（４）を、各々燃料差圧調節弁（10）と空気差圧調節
弁（11）により調節している。電池反応により発生した
直流電力は直流しや断器（14）を介して負荷装置（15）
に供給される。負荷装置（15）は一般の直流負荷やイン
バータと交流負荷の組合せなどである。Next, the operation will be described. The fuel flow rate control valve (6) and the air flow rate control valve (8) respectively supply a predetermined flow rate of fuel and air to the fuel electrode (3) and the air electrode (4) of the cell stack (2), which causes a cell reaction. Generates DC power. The battery operating pressure is supplied to the battery stack tank (1) from the nitrogen flow rate control valve (7) and is based on the battery stack tank nitrogen pressure adjusted by the nitrogen pressure control valve (9). For example, the fuel electrode (3) is adjusted to a pressure lower by about 100 mmAq, and the air electrode (4) is adjusted to a pressure lower than about 50 mmAq by the fuel differential pressure control valve (10) and the air differential pressure control valve (11), respectively. There is. The DC power generated by the battery reaction is connected to the load device (15) via the DC disconnector (14).
Is supplied to. The load device (15) is a general DC load or a combination of an inverter and an AC load.
抵抗器（12）は通常、順次投入および一括投入可能な複
数の並列抵抗から成り、電池起動時に電池スタツク
（２）に燃料および空気を導入したとき無負荷である
と、電池開放電圧Voc（約1Vといわれている）まで上昇
し電極の腐食劣化が進むので、燃料および空気流量増に
応じて順次並列の抵抗を投入し、抵抗器（12）の全抵抗
値を下げ、直流出力消費量を増して、単セル電圧が例え
ば0.8Vをこえないようにする。すなわち、抵抗器（12）
の抵抗容量は、電池特性カーブで単セル電圧が0.8Vとな
る直流出力を消費できるように設計されており、この値
が電池から交流出力としてとり出せる最低出力につなが
つている。The resistor (12) is usually composed of a plurality of parallel resistors that can be turned on sequentially and all at once, and when there is no load when fuel and air are introduced into the battery stack (2) when the battery is started, the battery open voltage Voc (approx. It is said that it will rise to 1 V) and the corrosion and deterioration of the electrode will progress, so in order to increase the flow rate of fuel and air, sequentially add parallel resistance to lower the total resistance value of the resistor (12) and reduce the DC output consumption. In order to prevent the single cell voltage from exceeding 0.8V, for example. Ie resistors (12)
The resistance capacity of is designed to consume the DC output at which the single cell voltage becomes 0.8V according to the battery characteristic curve, and this value is connected to the minimum output that can be taken out from the battery as AC output.
いま、定格運転中にシステム異常で非常停止がかかつた
場合、図示しない検出回路からの信号をうけて、直流し
や断器（14）をトリツプして負荷装置（15）を電池スタ
ツク（２）から切離す。このため、燃料電池は無負荷と
なり電池開放電圧に上昇する。この値は単セル当り約1V
と言われており、このままでは腐食電流が流れて電極の
劣化をきたすので、直流開閉器（13）を投入して電池出
力電圧を抵抗器（12）に印加し、最低出力電圧（単セル
電圧で約0.8V）になるまで燃料差圧調節弁（10）および
空気差圧調節弁（11）により各差圧を制御しながら、燃
料流量調節弁（６）および空気流量調節弁（８）を絞
り、燃料および空気流量を減少させる。If an emergency stop occurs due to a system abnormality during rated operation, a DC signal or a disconnector (14) is tripped by receiving a signal from a detection circuit (not shown) to load the load device (15) with a battery stack (2). ) Disconnect from. As a result, the fuel cell becomes unloaded and rises to the cell open circuit voltage. This value is about 1V per cell
It is said that the corrosion current will flow and the electrodes will deteriorate if left as it is. Therefore, turn on the DC switch (13) and apply the battery output voltage to the resistor (12) to obtain the minimum output voltage (single cell voltage). The fuel flow rate control valve (6) and the air flow rate control valve (8) while controlling each differential pressure with the fuel differential pressure control valve (10) and the air differential pressure control valve (11) until Reduce throttle, fuel and air flow.
この際、燃料極（３）と空気極（４）間の差圧を許容値
内に保つため、あまり急激に流量を絞れず、例えば５〜
10分程度を要する。At this time, since the pressure difference between the fuel electrode (3) and the air electrode (4) is kept within an allowable value, the flow rate cannot be sharply reduced, and, for example, 5 to 5.
It takes about 10 minutes.
従来の燃料電池発電システムは以上のように構成されて
いるので、システムの非常時に直流しや断器（14）をト
リツプし負荷装置（15）を開放して、直流開閉器（13）
を投入し抵抗器（12）に出力電圧を印加するが、このま
までは燃料利用率，空気利用率が低いため単セル電圧は
0.8V以上となるので、燃料および空気流量調節弁（６）
および（８）をしぼり、燃料および空気差圧調節弁（1
0）および（11）で差圧を制御しながら所定流量まで減
少させる。しかし、差圧を許容値内に保つため、あまり
急激にしぼれず、約５〜10分と長時間を要し、この間電
極の劣化が進むという問題があつた。Since the conventional fuel cell power generation system is configured as described above, in the event of an emergency of the system, the DC switch (13) is tripped and the load device (15) is opened to open the DC switch (13).
Then, the output voltage is applied to the resistor (12), but if this condition is maintained, the fuel utilization rate and air utilization rate are low, so the unit cell voltage is
Fuel and air flow control valve (6) as it will be 0.8V or higher
And (8) squeezing the fuel and air differential pressure control valve (1
While controlling the differential pressure in 0) and (11), the flow rate is reduced to a predetermined value. However, in order to keep the differential pressure within the allowable value, it does not squeeze too much, and it takes a long time of about 5 to 10 minutes, and there is a problem that the deterioration of the electrode progresses during this time.
この発明は上記のような問題点を解消するためになされ
たもので、システムの非常時にすみやかに所定流量に燃
料および空気を減じることができ、しかも単セル電圧が
所定値を越えることのない燃料電池システムを提供する
ことを目的としている。The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and in the event of an emergency of the system, the fuel and air can be quickly reduced to a predetermined flow rate, and the fuel cell voltage does not exceed a predetermined value. The purpose is to provide a battery system.
この発明に係る燃料電池発電システムは、燃料および空
気流量調節弁と上記燃料電池スタックの間の燃料電池入
口側および上記燃料電池スタックと上記燃料および上記
空気差圧調整弁の間の燃料電池出口側に開度調節弁とし
ゃ断弁を並列に組込んだ配管を各々設け、上記燃料電池
スタック槽の圧力を検知する圧力発信器と該圧力発信器
の信号を取り込んで、上記燃料電池入口側の開度調節弁
に燃料および空気供給量が最小負荷相当となるような弁
開度を設定する信号と上記燃料電池出口側の開度調節弁
に最小負荷相当時の差圧制御状態が設定されるような弁
開度を設定する信号を送る開度設定器を備えたものであ
る。A fuel cell power generation system according to the present invention is a fuel cell inlet side between a fuel and air flow rate control valve and the fuel cell stack, and a fuel cell outlet side between the fuel cell stack and the fuel and the air differential pressure control valve. Each of them is provided with a pipe in which an opening control valve and a shutoff valve are installed in parallel, and a pressure transmitter for detecting the pressure in the fuel cell stack tank and a signal from the pressure transmitter are taken in to open the fuel cell inlet side. Signal to set the valve opening so that the fuel and air supply amount corresponds to the minimum load and the differential pressure control state when the minimum load corresponds to the opening control valve on the fuel cell outlet side. The opening degree setting device for sending a signal for setting the valve opening degree is provided.
この発明における燃料電池発電システムは、燃料電池入
口側の開度調節弁に燃料および空気供給量が最小負荷相
当となるような弁開度を設定する信号と燃料電池出口側
の開度調節弁に最小負荷相当時の差圧制御状態が設定さ
れるような弁開度を設定する信号を開度設定器より受信
しておき、システム非常時に、直流しや断器を開放し負
荷装置を切離し、直流開閉器を閉として抵抗負荷を投入
すると共に、燃料および空気の通気回路をしや断弁を閉
とすることにより開度調節弁側に切換え、燃料電池入口
側の開度調節弁の弁開度を最小負荷相当の燃料および空
気供給量となるようように、また燃料電池出口側の開度
調節弁の弁開度を最小負荷相当時の差圧制御状態が設定
されるような制御状態を瞬時に確立することにより、単
セル電圧を所定値を越えない値に抑え、差圧変動も抑制
できるので、安全に停止動作に移る。The fuel cell power generation system according to the present invention includes a signal for setting the valve opening degree such that the fuel and air supply amount corresponds to the minimum load in the opening degree adjusting valve on the fuel cell inlet side and the opening degree adjusting valve for the fuel cell outlet side. A signal for setting the valve opening that sets the differential pressure control state at the time of minimum load is received from the opening setting device, and when the system is emergency, open the DC switch or disconnector to disconnect the load device, The DC switch is closed to apply a resistance load, and the fuel and air ventilation circuit is closed and the valve is closed to switch to the opening control valve side, and the opening control valve on the fuel cell inlet side is opened. Control so that the fuel and air supply amount is equivalent to the minimum load, and the valve opening of the fuel cell outlet side opening control valve is set to the differential pressure control state when the minimum load is equivalent. Instantly establishes the unit cell voltage to a specified value Reduced to a value not exceeding, the differential pressure fluctuation can be suppressed, and proceeds to safely stop operating.
以下、この発明の一実施例を図について説明する。第１
図において、（16）は電池スタツク槽（１）内の窒素圧
力を検出し開度設定器（17）に圧力信号を送る圧力発信
器、（18），（19），（20），（21）はそれぞれ開度設
定器（17）からの開度信号をうけて弁開度を調節する開
度調節弁で、（18）は燃料流量、（19）は燃料極−電池
スタツク槽窒素の差圧を、（20）は空気流量、（21）は
空気極−電池スタツク槽窒素の差圧を各々設定する開度
調節弁である。（22），（23），（24），（25）はそれ
ぞれ開度調節弁（18），（19），（20），（21）と各々
並列に接続された電磁弁で、（22）は燃料、（23）は余
剰燃料、（24）は空気、（25）は余剰燃料ラインに設置
された電磁弁である。An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First
In the figure, (16) is a pressure transmitter that detects the nitrogen pressure in the battery stack tank (1) and sends a pressure signal to the opening setting device (17), (18), (19), (20), (21). ) Is an opening control valve that adjusts the valve opening by receiving the opening signal from the opening setter (17). (18) is the fuel flow rate, (19) is the difference between the fuel electrode and the cell stack tank nitrogen. The pressure is (20) an air flow rate, and (21) is an opening control valve that sets the differential pressure between the air electrode and the battery stack tank nitrogen. (22), (23), (24) and (25) are solenoid valves connected in parallel with the opening control valves (18), (19), (20) and (21) respectively, and (22) Is fuel, (23) is surplus fuel, (24) is air, and (25) is a solenoid valve installed in the surplus fuel line.
次に動作について説明する。燃料電池システムの運転中
には、燃料および空気流量調節弁（６），（８）より供
給された燃料および空気は電池スタツク槽（１）の燃料
極（３）および空気極（４）に供給され、電池反応によ
つて直流電力を発生する。該直流電力は、直流しや断器
（14）を介して負荷装置（15）により消費される。Next, the operation will be described. During operation of the fuel cell system, fuel and air supplied from the fuel and air flow rate control valves (6), (8) are supplied to the fuel electrode (3) and the air electrode (4) of the cell stack tank (1). Then, DC power is generated by the battery reaction. The DC power is consumed by the load device (15) via the DC switch and the breaker (14).
電池反応により水素および酸素を消費された余剰燃料お
よび余剰空気は、燃料および空気差圧調節弁（10），
（11）で差圧制御されている。また、窒素は窒素流量調
節弁（７）より電池スタツク槽（１）に供給され、電池
スタツク槽（１）出口の窒素圧力調節弁（９）により圧
力制御され、電池動作圧力が設定される。該電池動作圧
力は、圧力発信器（16）により検知され圧力信号として
開度設定器（17）に送られ、開度設定器（17）からは該
圧力信号に応じた開度設定信号が開度調節弁（18），
（19），（20），（21）に送られ弁の開度が設定され
る。The surplus fuel and surplus air that have consumed hydrogen and oxygen due to the cell reaction are separated into the fuel and air differential pressure control valve (10),
The differential pressure is controlled in (11). Nitrogen is supplied to the battery stack tank (1) from the nitrogen flow rate control valve (7), and the pressure is controlled by the nitrogen pressure control valve (9) at the outlet of the battery stack tank (1) to set the battery operating pressure. The battery operating pressure is detected by the pressure transmitter (16) and is sent as a pressure signal to the opening setting device (17). From the opening setting device (17), an opening setting signal corresponding to the pressure signal is opened. Degree control valve (18),
It is sent to (19), (20) and (21) to set the valve opening.
これは、燃料および空気の通気量に関係なく設定されて
おり、各流量調節弁下流の開度調節弁（18），（20）は
動作圧力に応じて、例えば20〜30％定格流量の一定流量
に開度調節され、各差圧調節弁（10），（11）上流の開
度調節弁（19），（21）は20〜30％定格流量の間の一定
流量が電池スタツク（２）に供給されたとき、電池スタ
ツク槽窒素圧力との差圧が燃料極（３）側で約100mmA
q、空気極（４）側で約50mmAqとなる開度に設定されて
いる。また、開度調節弁（18），（19），（20），（2
1）と並列に設置された電磁弁（22），（23），（2
4），（25）は開である。This is set irrespective of the flow rate of fuel and air, and the opening control valves (18) and (20) downstream of each flow rate control valve have a constant flow rate of, for example, 20 to 30% depending on the operating pressure. The opening is adjusted according to the flow rate, and the differential pressure control valves (10), (11) upstream opening control valves (19), (21) have a constant flow rate between the 20% and 30% rated flow rates of the battery stack (2). When it is supplied to the fuel cell, the pressure difference from the nitrogen pressure in the cell stack tank is about 100 mmA on the fuel electrode (3) side.
q, the opening is set to about 50 mmAq on the air electrode (4) side. Also, the opening control valves (18), (19), (20), (2
Solenoid valves (22), (23), (2) installed in parallel with 1)
4) and (25) are open.
第３図は動作を説明するための電圧電流特性である。FIG. 3 is a voltage-current characteristic for explaining the operation.
動作圧力，動作温度，燃料利用率，空気利用率が定格の
ときの電池の電圧電流特性はガス流量に応じて第３図の
曲線イで示される。定格運転を行つているときの動作点
はＡ点で、その時の電圧電流値はEr,Irである。また、
動作圧力，動作温度，燃料および空気の流量が定格で、
燃料および空気利用率が変化することを許した場合、電
流値が小さくなるほど燃料および空気利用率が低くなる
ので、電池出力電圧は高くなり電池の電圧電流特性は曲
線ロで示される。The voltage-current characteristics of the battery when the operating pressure, operating temperature, fuel utilization rate, and air utilization rate are rated are shown by curve a in Fig. 3 according to the gas flow rate. The operating point during the rated operation is point A, and the voltage and current values at that time are Er and Ir. Also,
Operating pressure, operating temperature, fuel and air flow rate are rated,
When the fuel and air utilization rates are allowed to change, the fuel and air utilization rates decrease as the current value decreases, so the cell output voltage increases and the voltage-current characteristics of the cell are shown by the curve B.
いま、システムに異常が発生した時、まず直流しや断器
（14）をトリツプさせて負荷装置（15）を電池から切り
離す。このままだと電池出力電圧は、Eo（開放電圧で、
単セル当り約1V）となり電池劣化が進行するので、直流
開閉器（13）を投入して抵抗器（12）に電池出力電圧を
印加する。第３図の直線OCは、複数の並列抵抗を全て投
入したときの抵抗器（12）の特性であり、曲線イのＢ点
で設定されている。すなわち、抵抗値はEh/Ilである。
電圧Ehは単セル当り0.8V程度であり、燃料電池電圧の許
容上限値である。Now, when an abnormality occurs in the system, first the DC switch and the disconnector (14) are tripped to disconnect the load device (15) from the battery. In this state, the battery output voltage is Eo (open circuit voltage,
Since the battery deterioration will proceed with about 1 V per cell, the DC switch (13) is turned on to apply the battery output voltage to the resistor (12). The straight line OC in FIG. 3 is the characteristic of the resistor (12) when a plurality of parallel resistors are all turned on, and is set at the point B of the curve a. That is, the resistance value is Eh / Il.
The voltage Eh is about 0.8 V per unit cell, which is the allowable upper limit value of the fuel cell voltage.
従来の燃料電池システムでは、抵抗器（12）に電池出力
電圧が印加された時は燃料および空気流量はまた減少し
ていないので、曲線ロのＣ点、すなわち、電池電圧はEB
（＞Eh）、電流はIB（＞Il）となり、燃料電池電圧の許
容上限値をこえる。この状態は燃料および空気流量が絞
られ、曲線イのＢ点の状態になるまで続くこととなる。In the conventional fuel cell system, when the cell output voltage is applied to the resistor (12), the fuel and air flow rates do not decrease, so the point C of the curve B, that is, the cell voltage is E B
(> Eh), the current exceeds the allowable upper limit of I B (> Il), and the fuel cell voltage. This state continues until the flow rate of fuel and air is reduced and the state of point B of curve a is reached.
本燃料電池システムでは、システムに異常が発生した
時、直流しや断器（14）をトリツプさせて負荷装置（1
5）を電池から切り離し、直流開閉器（13）を閉として
抵抗器（12）を投入すると共に、開度調節弁と並列に設
置された電磁弁（22），（23），（24），（25）を閉、
燃料および空気の流量調節弁および差圧調節弁を全開と
することにより、燃料および空気の通気回路を開度設定
された開度調節弁側に切換える。In this fuel cell system, when an abnormality occurs in the system, a DC switch or a disconnector (14) is tripped to load device (1
5) is disconnected from the battery, the DC switch (13) is closed, the resistor (12) is turned on, and the solenoid valves (22), (23), (24), installed in parallel with the opening control valve Close (25),
The fuel and air flow control valve and the differential pressure control valve are fully opened to switch the fuel and air ventilation circuit to the opening control valve side where the opening is set.
したがつて、第３図の曲線イＢ点に相当する燃料および
空気流量が流れた場合の制御状態が瞬時に実現できるの
で、電池出力電圧はEhをこえることはなく、電池の腐食
劣化の進行を抑制することができる。Therefore, the control state when the flow rate of fuel and air corresponding to the point B of the curve in Fig. 3 flows can be instantly realized, so the battery output voltage does not exceed Eh, and the progress of corrosion deterioration of the battery Can be suppressed.
ここで、開度設定器（17）で開度設定する動作圧力は、
例えば燃料電池システムで、流量および差圧制御可能な
最大流量を流したとき、曲線内のＣ点に相当するEB値が
単セル当り0.8Vをこえない圧力までとしておけばよい。Here, the operating pressure set by the opening setting device (17) is
For example, in a fuel cell system, when the flow rate and the maximum flow rate capable of controlling the differential pressure are passed, the E B value corresponding to the point C in the curve may be set to a pressure not exceeding 0.8 V per unit cell.
なお、上記実施例では、開度調節弁として電動弁、しや
断弁として電磁弁を用いた場合を示したが開度調節弁と
して空気圧調節弁、しや断弁として空気圧駆動式しや断
弁を用いてもよい。In the above embodiment, an electric valve is used as the opening control valve, and a solenoid valve is used as the opening / closing valve.However, an air pressure control valve is used as the opening adjustment valve, and an air pressure drive type opening / closing is used as the opening / closing valve. A valve may be used.
また、上記実施例ではリン酸形燃料電池の場合について
説明したが、アルカリ型，溶融炭酸塩型，固体電解質型
の燃料電池でもよく、上記実施例と同様の効果を奏す
る。Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the case of the phosphoric acid type fuel cell has been described, but an alkaline type, a molten carbonate type, or a solid electrolyte type fuel cell may be used, and the same effect as that of the above-mentioned example is obtained.
以上のように、所定値を越えぬように最小負荷相当の燃
料および空気供給量となるようように弁開度が設定され
た燃料電池入口側の開度調節弁、また最小負荷相当時の
差圧制御状態が実現できるように弁開度が設定され燃料
電池出口側の開度調節弁に燃料および空気が通気される
ようにしたので、システム異常時にシステム最小負荷運
転状態を速やかに実現できると共に、電池の腐食劣化を
抑制できる効果がある。As described above, the opening control valve on the fuel cell inlet side whose valve opening is set so that the fuel and air supply amounts correspond to the minimum load so as not to exceed the predetermined value, and the difference when the minimum load is equivalent. Since the valve opening is set so that the pressure control state can be realized and the fuel and air are ventilated to the opening control valve on the fuel cell outlet side, the system minimum load operating state can be quickly realized when the system is abnormal. It has an effect of suppressing the corrosion deterioration of the battery.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例による燃料電池発電システ
ムを示す系統図、第２図は従来の燃料電池システムを示
す系統図、第３図はこの発明と従来のものとの特性を示
す特性図である。 図において、（１）は燃料電池スタツク槽、（２）は燃
料電池スタツク、（３）は燃料極、（４）は空気極、
（６），（７），（８）は流量調節弁、（９）は圧力調
節弁、（10），（11）は差圧調節弁、（12）は抵抗器、
（13）は直流開閉器、（16）は圧力発信器、（17）は開
度設定器、（18），（19），（20），（21）は開度調節
弁、（22），（23），（24），（25）はしや断弁であ
る。 なお、図中同一符号は同一または相当部分を示す。FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a fuel cell power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing a conventional fuel cell system, and FIG. 3 is a characteristic showing characteristics of the present invention and a conventional one. It is a figure. In the figure, (1) is a fuel cell stack tank, (2) is a fuel cell stack, (3) is a fuel electrode, (4) is an air electrode,
(6), (7) and (8) are flow rate control valves, (9) is a pressure control valve, (10) and (11) are differential pressure control valves, (12) is a resistor,
(13) is a DC switch, (16) is a pressure transmitter, (17) is an opening setting device, (18), (19), (20) and (21) are opening control valves, (22), (23), (24), (25) is a chopstick or valve shutoff. The same reference numerals in the drawings indicate the same or corresponding parts.
Claims (1)
池の燃料極および空気極、上記燃料電池スタック槽の各
々の入口側に設けられた燃料、空気、窒素を供給する流
量調節弁、上記燃料電池スタック槽の各々の出口側に設
けられた上記燃料極と上記燃料電池スタック槽の差圧を
制御する差圧調節弁および上記燃料電池スタック槽内の
窒素圧力を調節する窒素圧力調節弁を有し、燃料電池ス
タックの直流出力端に並列に抵抗器と直流開閉器を接続
した燃料電池発電システムにおいて、上記燃料および空
気流量調節弁と上記燃料電池スタックの間の燃料電池入
口側および上記燃料電池スタックと上記燃料および上記
空気差圧調整弁の間の燃料電池出口側に開度調節弁とし
ゃ断弁を並列に組込んだ配管を各々設け、上記燃料電池
スタック槽の圧力を検知する圧力発信器と該圧力発信器
の信号を取り込んで、上記燃料電池入口側の開度調節弁
に燃料および空気供給量が最小負荷相当となるような弁
開度を設定する信号と上記燃料電池出口側の開度調節弁
に最小負荷相当時の差圧制御状態が設定されるような弁
開度を設定する信号とを送る開度設定器を備え、システ
ムの非常時に負荷を開放した時に上記抵抗器を投入する
と共に上記しゃ断弁を閉、上記流量および差圧弁を全開
とし、上記燃料および空気を上記弁開度が設定された開
度調節弁に通気するようにしたことを特徴とする燃料電
池発電システム。1. A fuel electrode and an air electrode of a fuel cell housed in a fuel cell stack tank, a flow rate control valve for supplying fuel, air and nitrogen provided at the inlet side of each of the fuel cell stack tanks, A differential pressure control valve for controlling the differential pressure between the fuel electrode and the fuel cell stack tank, and a nitrogen pressure control valve for controlling the nitrogen pressure in the fuel cell stack tank, which are provided on the respective outlet sides of the fuel cell stack tank. A fuel cell power generation system having a resistor and a DC switch connected in parallel to the DC output end of the fuel cell stack, wherein the fuel cell inlet side between the fuel and air flow rate control valve and the fuel cell stack and the fuel The fuel cell stack tank is provided with a pipe in which an opening degree control valve and a shutoff valve are installed in parallel on the fuel cell outlet side between the cell stack and the fuel and the air differential pressure control valve. A signal for detecting the pressure transmitter and a signal for setting the valve opening so that the fuel and air supply amount corresponds to the minimum load in the fuel cell inlet side opening control valve It has an opening setter that sends a signal to the opening control valve on the battery outlet side to set the valve opening that sets the differential pressure control state when the load is equivalent to the minimum load. It is characterized in that the resistor is turned on, the shutoff valve is closed, the flow rate and the differential pressure valve are fully opened, and the fuel and air are ventilated to the opening control valve in which the valve opening is set. Fuel cell power generation system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61307384A JPH073792B2 (en) | 1986-12-22 | 1986-12-22 | Fuel cell power generation system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61307384A JPH073792B2 (en) | 1986-12-22 | 1986-12-22 | Fuel cell power generation system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63158757A JPS63158757A (en) | 1988-07-01 |
| JPH073792B2 true JPH073792B2 (en) | 1995-01-18 |
Family
ID=17968404
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61307384A Expired - Lifetime JPH073792B2 (en) | 1986-12-22 | 1986-12-22 | Fuel cell power generation system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH073792B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06283187A (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1994-10-07 | Youyuu Tansanengata Nenryo Denchi Hatsuden Syst Gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai | Fuel cell power generation system and operation thereof |
| CN117673400B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2024-07-23 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | Control method, processor, device and system for fuel cell system |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60250564A (en) * | 1984-05-25 | 1985-12-11 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel cell power generating system |
| JPH0622156B2 (en) * | 1985-03-01 | 1994-03-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Fuel cell device |
-
1986
- 1986-12-22 JP JP61307384A patent/JPH073792B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63158757A (en) | 1988-07-01 |
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