JPH0739585B2 - Metalworking lubricant - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a metalworking lubricant used for processing by plastic deformation such as drawing of wire rods and pipes and deep drawing of thin plates, In particular, the present invention relates to a metalworking lubricant that is most suitable for machining difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium materials that have large seizure.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, in drawing and drawing of metals, mineral oil,
Lubricating oils in which an oiliness improver, an extreme pressure agent and the like are appropriately added to animal oils and vegetable oils are used.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the above-mentioned conventional lubricating oils, although the lubricating performance has been tentatively evaluated, superalloys such as titanium material, stainless steel, nickel group, chromium group, cobalt group, etc. ， There is no lubrication performance to deal with the processing of other difficult-to-process materials. Therefore, if a conventional lubricating oil is used to process the difficult-to-process material, seizure between the processed material and the mold / tool is likely to occur, making it difficult to process high-quality products. There is a problem of short life and poor productivity.

In view of the above points, the present invention provides a metalworking lubricant which aims to improve the lubrication performance, improve the workability of difficult-to-work materials, and improve the quality of products.

[Means for Solving the Problems] As a result of repeated studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that copper and copper alloys have much lower affinity than other metals in a friction state with titanium materials. (Baking hardly occurs)
With this in mind, we have focused on utilizing copper and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention provides a configuration in which 1 to 6% of the graphite particles coated with copper having a size of 20 μ to 180 μ are added to the lubricating oil, or molybdenum disulfide particles coated with copper are added in an amount of 1 to 6%. did.

[Operation] According to the present invention, copper, which is a coating material of copper-coated graphite particles added to lubricating oil and copper-coated molybdenum disulfide particles, has seizure resistance and familiarity, and this copper is high. It exhibits load bearing capacity, and the lubricity of graphite and molybdenum disulfide improves the lubrication performance, and the copper that has entered between the metal material and the mold / tool prevents direct contact between the two. And mold
Prevents seizure with tools and facilitates high-precision machining.

[Examples] Examples of the present invention will be described below.

The present invention comprises a lubricating oil to which any one or two kinds of graphite particles coated with copper and molybdenum disulfide particles coated with copper are added.

The above-mentioned lubricating oil is not particularly limited as long as it is a lubricating oil conventionally used for metal working.

As the copper alloy, brass, phosphor bronze, lead bronze, kelmet and aluminum bronze are mainly used. Further, in the case of graphite coated with copper and molybdenum disulfide, the thickness of coated copper is preferably 5 μm or more.

The copper powder, copper alloy powder, copper-coated graphite and molybdenum disulfide particles are three-dimensional (lumpy).
It is preferable that the shape is 20 μm to 180 μm.

In addition, the addition amount of any one or two of the copper-coated graphite particles and the copper-coated molybdenum disulfide particles to the lubricating oil is 1 to 6% in the volume. Is a copper-coated graphite, or a copper-coated molybdenum disulfide lubricant with one or two additives added. It has a viscosity that allows it to adhere to the surface of metal workpieces, and has seizure resistance as a metalworking lubricant. It has a good compatibility and is the optimum range from the economical point of view.

Next, the results of the processing test of the metal plate using the present invention will be shown to exemplify the features of the present invention.

Test method (1) Work piece The work piece used for the test is a pure titanium plate with a thickness of 1.0 mm.

Pure titanium is a dense hexagonal crystal at room temperature and is apt to cause seizure, resulting in poor workability.

(2) Mold A tool steel mold was used.

(3) Lubricant As the lubricating oil (base oil), a commercially available oil containing chlorine-based and sulfur-based compounds as main additives, which has been conventionally used for metal processing, was used.

Using this lubricant as a base oil, copper powder, copper-coated graphite, copper-coated molybdenum disulfide, and 5% by volume of graphite and molybdenum disulfide as comparative examples were added individually. The lubricant was tested.

(4) Processing conditions and analysis First, a titanium plate as a material to be processed was punched into a circle (blank), and this was cut into a predetermined size by a lathe. These circular titanium plates were deep-drawn with tool copper to investigate the effect of lubricating oil on the workability.

Next, based on the result, a drawing ratio of 1.875 (blank diameter: 6
(0.mm) with a blank of the same size, under the same conditions
Deep drawing of 30 sheets was performed, and the change in the maximum drawing force at that time was measured. The surface condition of the processed product was observed with a surface roughness meter, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a metallographic microscope.
The seizure state of the work piece on the die was surface-analyzed by SEM energy dispersion.

Test Results (1) Deep Drawing Workability FIG. 1 shows the influence of the lubricant on the workability of the lubricant containing copper powder when processed with a tool steel die.

That is, according to the test results shown in this figure, the limit drawing ratio in the base oil is 1.875, compared with 1.900 (blank diameter: 60.8) in the lubricant containing molybdenum disulfide.
mm) shows a slight improvement. For graphite-containing lubricants, the limiting drawing ratio is 2.00 (blank diameter: 64.0 m
m). On the other hand, the limit reduction ratio reaches 2.050 (blank diameter: 65.6 mm) with the lubricant containing copper powder. This value has 7 levels compared to the base oil, and the blank diameter is 60.0 mm to 65.6.
Large processing up to mm is possible, and the effect of clearly adding copper powder is recognized.

FIG. 2 shows the influence on the workability of the lubricant containing graphite and graphite coated with copper.

That is, according to the test results shown in this figure, in the lubricant containing the graphite powder, the limiting drawing ratio is 2.000.
Although it was (blank diameter: 64.0 mm), the workability was improved at 2.050 (blank diameter; 65.6 mm) with the lubricant added with graphite coated with copper, and graphite coated with copper was clearly added. The effect of this is recognized.

FIG. 3 shows the influence on the workability of the lubricant containing molybdenum disulfide and molybdenum disulfide coated with copper.

That is, according to the test results shown in this figure, in the lubricant containing molybdenum disulfide, the limiting drawing ratio is 1.900.
(Blank diameter: 60.8 mm), but with a lubricant containing copper-coated molybdenum disulfide added, the workability was improved at 2.050 (blank diameter: 65.6 mm), and clearly copper-coated molybdenum disulfide was used. The effect due to the addition of

As described above, it was confirmed that the workability was remarkably improved when the graphite particles coated with copper and the molybdenum disulfide particles coated with copper were added to the general commercial oil (base oil).

(2) Change in maximum drawing force FIG. 4 shows the effect of the lubricant containing copper powder on the change in maximum drawing force when the tool steel mold is used.

According to the test results shown in this figure, the drawing force of each lubricant is small in the first machining in which there is no seizure on the die surface. It increases remarkably after the second plane. The maximum squeezing force is the largest in commercial oil (base oil), and it changes in the range of about 4.7 to 4.3 tonf. Next, processing is carried out with a lubricant containing molybdenum disulfide at about 4.6 to 4.3 tonf. The lubricant with graphite is processed in the range of about 4.0 to 3.8 tonf. On the other hand, with a lubricant containing copper powder)
Processing is performed in the range of 4.0 to 3.8 tonf.

That is, it is recognized that the maximum drawing force is remarkably reduced by the lubricant added with graphite and the lubricant added with the copper powder, and the average reduction of the drawing force is largest by the lubricant added with the copper powder on average.

FIG. 5 shows changes in the maximum drawing force when processed with a lubricant added with graphite and a lubricant added with graphite coated with copper.

According to the test results shown in this figure, when processed with a commercial oil (base oil), an average of about 4.5 tonf is used, and with a lubricant containing graphite, processing is performed with a drawing force of about 3.9 tonf. On the other hand, in the case of a lubricant added with graphite coated with copper, excluding those with three protrusions,
It is recognized that processing is performed with a drawing force of about 3.9 to 3.8 tonf.

FIG. 6 shows changes in the maximum drawing force when a lubricant added with molybdenum disulfide and a lubricant added with copper-coated molybdenum disulfide are processed.

According to the test results shown in this figure, the maximum drawing force is about 4. with commercial oil (base oil) and molybdenum disulfide added lubricant.
Processing is performed at 7 to 4.3 tonf and there is no noticeable difference between the two. On the other hand, with a lubricant coated with molybdenum disulfide coated with copper, it is processed at about 3.8 tonf,
A decrease in nf is observed.

As described above, the reduction of the maximum drawing force was confirmed by the effect of the lubricant coated with copper-coated graphite and copper-coated molybdenum disulfide.

(3) Surface Roughness of Machined Surface FIG. 7 shows the influence of the lubricant containing copper powder on the surface roughness of the machined surface.

According to the test results shown in this figure, the surface roughness tends to increase as the number of processed lubricants increases with each lubricant, and the maximum is 30 when the commercially available oil (base oil) is used. Visually about 6.7 μm, slightly smaller with lubricants containing graphite and molybdenum disulfide. In addition, it is recognized that the lubricant with the copper powder added is the smallest, and the 30th lubricant has a diameter of about 6.2 μm.

FIG. 8 shows the effect on the surface roughness when processed with a lubricant added with graphite and a lubricant added with graphite coated with copper.

According to the test results shown in this figure, it is recognized that the surface roughness of the copper-coated graphite is about 6.35 μm, which is smaller than that of the commercial product or the lubricant containing graphite.

FIG. 9 shows the effect on the surface roughness of the machined surface when processed with a lubricant containing molybdenum disulfide and a lubricant containing copper-coated molybdenum disulfide.

According to the test results shown in this figure, the effect is slightly observed in the lubricant containing molybdenum disulfide as compared with the commercially available product (base oil), and the 30th value is about 6.6 μm. On the other hand, 5.9μ for molybdenum disulfide coated with copper.
m is recognized.

As described above, the effect of the lubricant on the surface roughness of the machined surface is the smallest when the copper-coated molybdenum disulfide is added, and the effect is recognized in the copper-coated graphite. It was found that the copper, the molybdenum disulfide, and the graphite, which have lubricity, are effectively involved.

[Advantages of the Invention] As described above, according to the lubricant of the present invention, when the metal is processed, the workability is better and the change of the maximum drawing force is smaller than that of the conventional lubricating oil. It is possible to easily perform processing by plastic deformation such as
The surface roughness of the machined surface is small and high-precision machining can be performed. Furthermore, it is a difficult-to-machine material such as titanium material, which has been difficult to machine with conventional lubricating oils and has a large seizure. However, it has an excellent effect as a metalworking lubricant because it can be easily and highly accurately processed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a characteristic diagram showing the influence of a lubricant containing copper powder on the deep drawability, and FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the influence of a lubricant containing copper coated on graphite on the deep drawability. Fig. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the influence of copper-coated molybdenum disulfide added lubricant on the deep drawability, and Fig. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the influence of copper powder added lubricant on the change of the maximum drawing force. Fig. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the influence of the copper-coated graphite-added lubricant on the change of the maximum drawing force. Fig. 6 shows the change of the maximum draw-force of the copper-coated lubricant containing molybdenum disulfide. Fig. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the influence, and Fig. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the influence on the surface roughness of the processed surface of the lubricant added with copper powder. Fig. 8 is the surface of the processed surface of the lubricant added with copper coated with graphite. Effect on roughness Characteristic diagram showing, FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing the effect on surface roughness of the machined surface of the lubricant molybdenum disulfide additive coated copper.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location C10N 10:12 20:06 A 40:24 Z

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A lubricating oil containing 1 to 6% of graphite particles coated with copper having a size of 20 μ to 180 μ or molybdenum disulfide particles coated with copper in an amount of 1 to 6%. Become a metalworking lubricant.