JPH074059B2 - DC machine rectification compensator - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a rectifying / compensating device for sparkless operation of a DC machine.

[Conventional technology]

Rectification compensation of the DC machine is performed by controlling the current flowing through the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding wound around the auxiliary pole core based on the brush voltage detection signal or the control signal from the function generator, Specifically, JP-A-58-204757 and JP-A-58-204757
There is one described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 159690.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, in the conventional rectification / compensation device, the brush voltage detection signal cannot perform reliable rectification / compensation control because the brush voltage changes due to the vibration of the brush, and the control from the function generator is not possible. The signal-based device has a drawback that it cannot follow a stable rectification and compensation device for a long period of time because it cannot follow the change when the characteristic changes due to a film formed on the sliding surface.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a compensator capable of performing stable and highly reliable rectification compensation control for a long time.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve this object, the present invention inputs a state detection device (A) for detecting the state of a DC machine and a detection signal from the state detection apparatus (A) to input the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding (11) of the DC machine. ), A commutation compensation device for a DC machine, comprising: a supplementary pole auxiliary winding current control device (B) for compensating the rectification, the state detection device (A) flowing to the armature (1). Load detection means (2,14,1) for detecting the load current and the rotation speed of the armature (1)
5) and rectifying spark detection means for detecting rectifying sparks (10, 17)
And a current detector (18) for detecting the current flowing through the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding (11), and the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current control device (B) includes a microcomputer (16) and a current And a control circuit (12), and the microcomputer (16) stores the proper auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value previously obtained corresponding to the armature load, and the load detection means (2, 14, 1
5) The proper auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value is read according to the detected value from 5), and the detected value from the current detecting means (18) matches the read proper auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value. A control signal is output to the current control circuit (12) to correct the proper auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value stored by the detection value from the rectification spark detection means (10, 17). 12) is characterized in that a control signal which is an output signal of the microcomputer (16) is inputted to control the current flowing through the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding (11).

[Operation] The microcomputer (16) includes load detecting means (2, 14, 1).
5) Read the appropriate auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value stored in association with the detected value from 5). The current control circuit (12) controls the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current based on the read proper auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value, and performs rectification compensation so as to achieve sparkless rectification. When the rectification characteristics change during the actual load operation and rectification sparks are generated, the rectification spark detection means (10, 17) detects the spark generation and the microcomputer (16) stores the sparks based on the detection result. The appropriate auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value is corrected, and then the corrected appropriate auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value is read to control the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current to prevent rectification sparks.

Example of Invention

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

In FIG. 1, an armature 1 is composed of an armature core, an armature winding wound around the armature core, and a commutator connected to the armature winding. It is detected by the device 2. A pair of brushes 3a, 3b sliding on the commutator
One brush 3a is connected to one power supply terminal 4a,
The other brush 3b is connected to the other power supply terminal 4a via the compensation winding 5 and the auxiliary pole winding 6. A field winding 9 is wound around a main pole core 8 provided on the yoke 7 to form a main pole, and a rectification spark detection coil 10 is provided on the main pole core 8. Further, the yoke 7 is also provided with a commutating pole core (not shown), and the commutating pole winding 6 and the commutating pole auxiliary winding 11 are provided on this commutating pole core.
Is wound.

In the rectification of the armature winding current in the armature 1, the direction of the current of the winding (rectification coil) connected to the commutator piece is reversed as the commutator piece passes under the brushes 3a, 3b. In the developing process, since the rectifying coil has an inductance component, a reactance voltage corresponding to the change of the current is induced in the rectifying coil. When this reactance voltage becomes excessive, rectified sparks are generated.

The commutating pole is for inducing rectifying electromotive force in the rectifying coil to act on the rectifying coil to actuate the rectifying coil to cancel the reactance voltage. Made However, if the amount of magnetic flux from this commutating pole is too large, over-rectification will occur and rectification sparks will easily occur,
If the amount of magnetic flux is too small, insufficient rectification will result and rectification sparks will easily occur. There is no spark zone between the limit of over-rectification and the occurrence of rectification sparks and the limit of under-rectification and the occurrence of rectification sparks. Amount of magnetic flux (hereinafter referred to as rectification compensation amount)
By setting, a stable non-spark commutation state is achieved. The rectification compensation amount can be changed by controlling the magnitude of the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current flowing through the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding 11.

The auxiliary pole auxiliary winding 11 is connected to the external power supply 13 via the current control circuit 12 in order to change the amount of rectification compensation. Current control circuit
Reference numeral 12 is composed of a main circuit including a semiconductor switching element that controls the current to the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding 11, a gate circuit that determines the conduction time of the semiconductor switching element, and the like. Armature 1
A current detector 14 is provided to detect the armature current flowing through the armature current detection signal. The armature current detection signal from the current detector 14 and the rotation speed detection signal from the rotation speed detector 2 are guided to a multiplier 15. Converted to digital signal,
Entered in 16.

A voltage is induced in the rectifying spark detection coil 10 provided in the main pole core 8 in response to a steep current change at the time of rectifying spark in over / under rectification. Since the polarity of this induced voltage is reversed due to the excess or deficiency of the rectification compensation amount, it is possible to know from this induced voltage whether or not rectification sparks have occurred and the excess or deficiency of the rectification compensation amount. The output voltage of the rectified spark detection coil 10 is input to the microcomputer 16 via the waveform processing circuit 17.

The auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current is also detected by the current detector 18 and input to the microcomputer 16.

The microcomputer 16 receives power from the power source 19,
A gate signal for the current control circuit 12 is generated based on the three input signals.

By the way, the characteristics of the spark-free zone due to the auxiliary pole winding 6 of the DC machine are as follows: when the rectification compensation amount is optimum as shown in (a) of FIG. 3 and when the rectification compensation amount is insufficient as shown in (b). There is a case of insufficient rectification and a case of excessive rectification due to an excessive amount of rectification compensation as shown in (c). In the DC machine, the gap length of the commutating pole is set so that the non-spark zone has the characteristics shown in Fig. 3 (a). Changes to.

In this embodiment, the DC machine is tested and the non-spark zone in each load state is detected, and the auxiliary pole winding current value for obtaining the center rectification compensation amount in the non-spark zone is obtained and stored in the storage means. Then, during the actual load operation thereafter, the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value is read out according to each load state to control the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current. Even with such a supplementary pole auxiliary winding current control, if a rectified spark occurs due to the subsequent change in the characteristics of the DC machine, this is detected and the stored value is corrected while the spark-free zone occurs. The auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current is modified so that rectification is performed.

Such supplementary pole auxiliary winding current control is executed under the control of the microcomputer 16.

The control operation flow by the microcomputer 16 will be described below with reference to FIG.

At step 21, it is judged whether the operation of the DC machine is a trial operation or an actual load operation. The signal for this judgment is given according to the operator's instruction. In the case of a test run, the process proceeds to step 22 and the armature iron core I _{3 at} that time (hereinafter, the case where the armature current is I ₃ in FIG. ₃ is explained as an example) and the number of revolutions N are read. , The waveform processing circuit 17 is moved to step 23.
Check the output signal from to determine if there is no spark. In the non-sparking state, the process proceeds to step 24, the gate signal is increased to increase the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current, and the rectification compensation amount is increased (the auxiliary pole is magnetized). Then, at step 25, the output signal from the waveform processing circuit 17 is checked to determine whether or not there is no spark. If there is no spark, it returns to step 24 to further increase the magnetism, and if rectification spark is detected, it moves to step 26 and the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current at that time + I _p1
Is stored in a predetermined memory area as the non-spark zone upper limit value.

Next, in step 27, the gate signal is decreased to decrease the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current, and the rectification compensation amount is decreased (the auxiliary pole is demagnetized).
To do. Then, in step 28, the output signal of the waveform processing circuit 17 is checked to determine whether or not there is no spark. If there is no spark, it returns to step 27 to demagnetize further, and if rectification spark is detected, it moves to step 29 and the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current -I _p2 at that time is set as the non-spark zone lower limit value and the predetermined memory Remember in the area.

At Step 30, based on the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding currents + I _p1 and −I _p2 indicating the upper and lower limits of the non-spark zone detected by the above processing,
The proper auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value i _p, which is the center of the non-spark zone, is calculated by the following equation and stored in the memory.

This kind of processing is the upper limit value + I _p1 and the lower limit value −I _p2 of the non-spark zone.
Is executed in the case as shown in FIG. 3 (a), the armature current I and the rotation speed N are changed within the range of use of the DC machine, and the above-mentioned processing is repeated to perform the appropriate supplementary pole assist in each load state. The winding current value i _p is stored in the memory.

By the way, when the amount of rectification compensation by the commutating pole winding 6 of the DC machine is insufficient or excessive and has a non-spark band characteristic as shown in (b) or (c) of FIG. 3, the armature current is I ₃ . In some cases, commutation spark is generated when the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current is zero.
If this rectified spark is detected in step 23, step
In step 31, the polarity of the signal input from the waveform processing circuit 17 is checked to determine whether the rectification is insufficient. If the rectification is insufficient, as shown in FIG.
Then, the gate signal is increased to increase the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current, and the rectification compensation amount is increased (the auxiliary pole is magnetized). Then, at step 33, it is judged whether or not a non-sparking state has occurred,
If rectified sparks are generated, return to step 32 to further magnetize, and if no spark state is detected, move to step 34 and use the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current + I _p2 ′ at that time as the no spark zone lower limit value. Store in memory area.

Next, at step 35, after further magnetizing, it is judged at step 36 whether or not rectification spark is generated. If rectification spark is detected, it moves to step 37 and auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current + I at this time. _{The p1} ′ is stored in a predetermined memory area as the upper limit value of the non-spark zone. Then, in step 38, based on the upper and lower limit values + I _p1 ′, + I _p2 ′ of the non-spark zone detected in the above processing, the appropriate auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value i _p ′ at the center of the non-spark zone is calculated as follows. Calculated by the formula and stored in the memory.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3 (c), when the commutation is performed, the process moves from step 31 to step 39 to demagnetize the commutating pole. At this time, the direction of the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current is reversed. Then, in step 40, a rectified spark is detected and demagnetized until no spark is generated. When the non-sparking state is detected, the process proceeds to step 41, and the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current −I _p1 ″ at this time is stored in a predetermined memory area as the upper limit value of the non-sparking zone. Then, it is judged whether or not the commutation spark is generated in Step 43, and the demagnetization is repeated until the commutation spark is generated, and when the generation of the commutation spark is detected, the process proceeds to Step 44 and the auxiliary pole at this time is detected. The auxiliary winding current −I _p2 ″ is stored in a predetermined memory area as the lower limit value of the non-spark zone.
At step 45, the proper auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value i _p ″ at the center of the non-spark zone is calculated by the following equation based on the upper and lower limit values −I _p1 ″ and −I _p2 ″ and is written in the memory.

Steps 30a, 38a, and 45a read the proper auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current values i _{p to} i _p ″ stored in the above-mentioned processing and execute the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current control during actual load operation. This is a process of correcting the correction auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current values i _{p to} i _p ″ stored in the memory when rectifying sparks are detected.

In this way, the desired proper auxiliary winding current values i _{p to} i _p ″ are stored in each load state, and at the time of actual load operation thereafter, the armature current I and the rotation speed N are taken in at step 46 and the process proceeds to step 47. reads the appropriate interpole auxiliary winding current value i _p through i _p "corresponding to the rotational speed N and the armature current I from the memory. Then, in step 48, the gate signal for the current control number 12 is controlled so that the appropriate auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current corresponding to this value is passed through the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding 11. After that, in step 49, it is judged whether or not a rectified spark is generated, and if there is no spark, step 50 continues the operation as it is.

Even when the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current is controlled according to the appropriate auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value i _p ~ i _p ″ obtained during the trial run,
When the non-sparking zone is narrow and the rectifying characteristics are changed due to the influence of a film formed on the commutator thereafter, a rectifying spark may be generated. In this case, the process moves from step 49 to step 51, and the output signal from the waveform processing circuit 17 is checked to determine whether or not overrectification. In the case of overrectification, the process proceeds to step 52 to shift the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current. Calculate the correction value −ΔI _p .
The auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current correction value −ΔI _p is predetermined in accordance with the magnitude of the output signal from the waveform processing circuit 17, and after the correction value −ΔI _p is obtained, the step 30a, 38a or 45a is obtained.
Then, the stored value of the proper auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value i _{p to} i _p ″ is corrected.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step 51 that the rectification is insufficient, the process proceeds to step 53, and in the same manner as in the above case, the predetermined auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current correction value + ΔI _p is acquired to obtain steps 30a, 38a.
Alternatively, returning to 45a, the memory of the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current values i _{p to} i _p ″ is corrected.

After that, the corrected proper auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value i _p ~
i _p is modified storage for "interpole auxiliary winding current control reads the runs, the rectifying sparks again properly interpole auxiliary winding current value i _p through i _p be generated at this time."

In the above-described embodiment, the proper auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value i _p ~
Although i _p ″ was obtained from the actual measurement result of the DC machine test run, it may be obtained from the design value and set, or a value other than the center position of the non-spark zone may be set as an appropriate value. For the detection, a stud-type spark detection method in which a detection brush is provided at the rear end of the brush, an armature voltage detection method for detecting spark noise superimposed on the voltage between the brushes, etc. Further, the armature current I and rotation can be adopted. It is obvious that the number N may be directly taken into the microcomputer 16 for processing.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, the proper auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value for rectification / compensation amount control is stored in the microcomputer, and the appropriate auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value is read during actual load operation to obtain the auxiliary pole. Since the auxiliary winding current is controlled, the rectification compensation amount becomes appropriate, and if the rectified sparks are generated at this stored value due to subsequent changes in the rectifying characteristics, this stored value should be corrected. Therefore, stable rectification compensation control can be executed over a long period of time.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is an electrical block diagram, FIG. 2 is an operation flow chart of a microcomputer for executing rectification compensation control, and FIG.
(C) is a non-spark characteristic diagram. 1 ... Armature, 2 ... Rotation speed detector, 3a, 3b ... Brush, 6 ... Complement pole winding, 8 ... Main pole core, 9 ... Field winding, 10 ... Commutation spark detection Coil, 11 ... auxiliary pole auxiliary winding,
12 …… Current control circuit, 14 …… Current detector, 16 …… Microcomputer.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tadashi Takahashi 4026 Kuji Town, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (56) -58894 (JP, U) Actually opened 59-149466 (JP, U)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A state detection device (A) for detecting the state of a DC machine, and a detection signal from the state detection apparatus (A) are inputted to apply a current to a supplementary pole auxiliary winding (11) of the DC machine. A rectifying and compensating device for a DC machine, comprising: an auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current control device (B) for performing rectification compensation, wherein the DC machine comprises a main pole core (8) and a field winding wound around it. (9) a main pole, a commutating pole having a commutating pole core, a compensating pole winding (6) and a compensating pole auxiliary winding (11) wound around it, an armature core, and An armature (1) having an armature winding and a commutator connected to the armature winding; and a brush (3a, 3b) sliding on the commutator, The device (A) is a load detection means (2,1) for detecting a load current flowing in the armature (1) and a rotation speed of the armature (1).
4,15) and rectifying spark detection means (10,1) for detecting rectifying sparks.
7) and a current detector (18) for detecting the current flowing in the auxiliary pole auxiliary winding (11). The auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current control device (B) is a microcomputer (16). And a current control circuit (12), the microcomputer (16) stores an appropriate auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value previously obtained corresponding to an armature load, and a load detection means ( (2,14,15) corresponding to the detected value from the appropriate auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value, and the read value of the appropriate auxiliary auxiliary pole winding current value is detected by the current detection means (18). A control signal is output to the current control circuit (12) so that they match, and the proper auxiliary pole auxiliary winding current value stored by the detection value from the rectification spark detection means (10, 17) is corrected. The current control circuit (12) receives a control signal, which is an output signal of the microcomputer (16), and supplements it. Winding auxiliary poles (11)
A rectifying and compensating device for a DC machine that controls the current flowing through the DC machine.