JPH0744453B2 - Rubidium atomic oscillator - Google Patents
Rubidium atomic oscillatorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0744453B2 JPH0744453B2 JP60008680A JP868085A JPH0744453B2 JP H0744453 B2 JPH0744453 B2 JP H0744453B2 JP 60008680 A JP60008680 A JP 60008680A JP 868085 A JP868085 A JP 868085A JP H0744453 B2 JPH0744453 B2 JP H0744453B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- output
- rubidium
- frequency
- oscillator
- phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 36
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D43/00—Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices
- B21D43/02—Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool
- B21D43/04—Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool by means in mechanical engagement with the work
- B21D43/05—Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool by means in mechanical engagement with the work specially adapted for multi-stage presses
- B21D43/052—Devices having a cross bar
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D43/00—Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices
- B21D43/02—Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool
- B21D43/04—Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool by means in mechanical engagement with the work
- B21D43/05—Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool by means in mechanical engagement with the work specially adapted for multi-stage presses
- B21D43/055—Devices comprising a pair of longitudinally and laterally movable parallel transfer bars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
- B23Q7/003—Cyclically moving conveyors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C31/00—Handling, e.g. feeding of the material to be shaped, storage of plastics material before moulding; Automation, i.e. automated handling lines in plastics processing plants, e.g. using manipulators or robots
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C51/261—Handling means, e.g. transfer means, feeding means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
- Multi-Process Working Machines And Systems (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 「産業上の利用分野」 この発明は光ポンピング法を用いたルビジウム原子発振
器に関する。The present invention relates to a rubidium atomic oscillator using an optical pumping method.
「従来の技術」 従来のルビジウム原子発振器における光−マイクロ波共
鳴部は、その特性上から、ルビジウムガスセル内のルビ
ジウムのエネルギー状態を励起するために光ポンピング
法を用いている。そのエネルギー状態の励起のためにル
ビジウムランプが使用されている。またこのランプは充
分なスペクトル強度を得るために約100℃の温度を保つ
様に構成されていた。"Prior Art" The optical-microwave resonance part in the conventional rubidium atomic oscillator uses the optical pumping method to excite the energy state of rubidium in the rubidium gas cell because of its characteristics. Rubidium lamps are used to excite their energy states. The lamp was also constructed to maintain a temperature of about 100 ° C to obtain sufficient spectral intensity.
「発明が解決しようとする問題点」 上述した従来のルビジウム原子発振器はルビジウムラン
プの温度が高いため、その構造は断熱性を良くするため
に大きなものとなり、さらにはランプ自身の寿命も、ル
ビジウム金属とガラスが反応するために短いものとなる
という欠点があつた。"Problems to be solved by the invention" Since the conventional rubidium atomic oscillator described above has a high temperature of the rubidium lamp, its structure becomes large in order to improve the heat insulating property, and further, the life of the lamp itself is increased by the rubidium metal. However, there is a drawback that the glass becomes short due to the reaction with the glass.
「問題点を解決するための手段」 この発明のルビジウム原子発振器は従来技術の欠点を除
去し、小型で低電力化、長寿命化するために、ルビジウ
ムを光励起する光源としてルビジウムランプではなく半
導体発光素子が用いられ、光−マイクロ波共鳴部のキヤ
ビテイにその半導体発光素子は一体構造とされ、さらに
その半導体発光素子のスペクトルを安定化させるために
原子共鳴により検出された同期信号、つまりルビジウム
に照射するマイクロ波の周波数を制御するための低周波
信号の２倍の周波数成分の変動を検出して半導体発光素
子への電圧が制御される。"Means for Solving Problems" The rubidium atomic oscillator of the present invention eliminates the drawbacks of the prior art, is small in size, has low power consumption and has a long life. An element is used, and the semiconductor light emitting element is integrated into the cavity of the optical-microwave resonance part, and the synchronization signal detected by atomic resonance, that is, rubidium, is irradiated to stabilize the spectrum of the semiconductor light emitting element. The voltage to the semiconductor light emitting element is controlled by detecting the fluctuation of twice the frequency component of the low frequency signal for controlling the frequency of the microwave.
「実施例」 第１図はこの発明の実施例を示す。光−マイクロ波共鳴
部11においてキヤビテイ12内にルビジウムガスセル13が
設けられ、キヤビテイ12の外側はシールドケース14によ
りシールドされている。ルビジウムガスセル13内のルビ
ジウム原子のエネルギー状態が光ポンピング法により励
起される。"Embodiment" FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. A rubidium gas cell 13 is provided in the cavity 12 of the optical-microwave resonance unit 11, and the outside of the cavity 12 is shielded by a shield case 14. The energy state of the rubidium atom in the rubidium gas cell 13 is excited by the optical pumping method.
一方電圧制御水晶発振器15の発振出力は出力端子16へ出
力されると共に位相変調器17にも分岐供給され、低周波
発振器18の低周波信号により位相変調される。この位相
変調出力は周波数合成器19により発励起されているルビ
ジウムの共鳴周波数のマイクロ波に変換され、そのマイ
クロ波はキヤビテイ12内に入射されて、ルビジウムガス
セル13内のルビジウム原子に照射され、エネルギーがル
ビジウムに吸収される。キヤビテイ12内に設けられ、ル
ビジウムから放射される光が太陽電池21で位相変調に用
いた低周波の電気信号に変換され、その電気信号は低周
波増幅器22で増幅され、その増幅出力は位相検波器23で
低周波発振器18の出力により位相検波される。その検波
出力は積分増幅器24で積分増幅され、その出力によりそ
の出力がゼロになるように電圧制御水晶発振器15の発振
周波数が制御される。つまり周波数合成器19の出力マイ
クロ波の周波数はルビジウムの共鳴周波数と常に一致す
るように制御される。On the other hand, the oscillation output of the voltage controlled crystal oscillator 15 is output to the output terminal 16 and is also branched and supplied to the phase modulator 17, and is phase-modulated by the low frequency signal of the low frequency oscillator 18. This phase-modulated output is converted into a microwave of the resonance frequency of rubidium which is excited and excited by the frequency synthesizer 19, and the microwave is incident on the cavity 12 and irradiated on the rubidium atom in the rubidium gas cell 13 to generate energy. Are absorbed by rubidium. The light emitted from rubidium provided in the cavity 12 is converted into a low frequency electric signal used for phase modulation by the solar cell 21, the electric signal is amplified by the low frequency amplifier 22, and the amplified output is phase detected. The phase detection is performed by the output of the low frequency oscillator 18 in the device 23. The detected output is integrated and amplified by the integrating amplifier 24, and the oscillation frequency of the voltage controlled crystal oscillator 15 is controlled by the output so that the output becomes zero. That is, the frequency of the microwave output from the frequency synthesizer 19 is controlled so as to always match the resonance frequency of rubidium.
また、このとき、第２図の光吸収特性図に示すようにマ
イクロ波周波数がルビジウム原子固有の周波数に完全に
一致すると、位相変調信号の２倍の周波数の信号が太陽
電池21で検出でき、光マイクロ波ユニットの出力とな
る。Further, at this time, as shown in the light absorption characteristic diagram of FIG. 2, when the microwave frequency completely matches the frequency unique to the rubidium atom, the solar cell 21 can detect a signal having a frequency twice as high as the phase modulation signal, It is the output of the optical microwave unit.
この発明においてはルビジウムを光励起する光源として
半導体発光素子（例えばレーザダイオード）25が用いら
れ、この半導体発光素子25はキヤビテイ12の開口を塞ぐ
ように支持体26により支持されてキヤビテイ12と一体構
造とされる。In the present invention, a semiconductor light emitting element (for example, a laser diode) 25 is used as a light source for optically exciting rubidium, and the semiconductor light emitting element 25 is supported by a support 26 so as to close the opening of the cavity 12 and is integrated with the cavity 12. To be done.
また低周波増幅器22の出力の一部は分岐されて同期信号
増幅器27に供給され、同期信号増幅器27では低周波発振
器18の発振周波数の２倍の成分、つまりマイクロ波周波
数がルビジウム原子固有の周波数に一致したときの成分
が取出されて増幅され、その増幅出力は発光電圧制御器
28へ供給され、発光電圧制御器28は半導体発光素子25の
発光電圧を制御して発光スペクトルがルビジウムガスセ
ルの遷移周波数に一致するようにする。Further, a part of the output of the low frequency amplifier 22 is branched and supplied to the synchronous signal amplifier 27. In the synchronous signal amplifier 27, a component twice the oscillation frequency of the low frequency oscillator 18, that is, the microwave frequency is a frequency peculiar to rubidium atom. Component is extracted and amplified, and the amplified output is the emission voltage controller.
The light emission voltage controller 28 controls the light emission voltage of the semiconductor light emitting device 25 so that the light emission spectrum matches the transition frequency of the rubidium gas cell.
つまり原子共鳴に必要なスペクトルが安定に得られる様
に、同期信号の変化によって半導体発光素子25の発光電
圧を制御し、半導体発光素子25の発光スペクトルの周波
数が安定化される様に構成されている。ルビジウム原子
発振器においては、半導体発光素子のスペクトルとルビ
ジウムガスセルの遷移周波数が一致したときにルビジウ
ムガスセルの吸収が最大となり、このとき、太陽電池21
から出力される位相変調周波数は低周波発振周波数の２
倍となり、その出力レベルも最大となり、つまり同期信
号が最大となる。従って、発光電圧制御器28は例えば位
相変調信号の２倍の周波数の出力レベルに応じて出力電
圧を前後に変動させて、半導体発光素子25の発光スペク
トルがルビジウムガスセルの遷移周波数に一致する点を
常に中心電圧に設定する様な構成の制御系とされる。That is, the emission voltage of the semiconductor light emitting element 25 is controlled by the change of the synchronization signal so that the spectrum required for atomic resonance can be stably obtained, and the frequency of the emission spectrum of the semiconductor light emitting element 25 is stabilized. There is. In the rubidium atomic oscillator, the absorption of the rubidium gas cell becomes maximum when the spectrum of the semiconductor light emitting element and the transition frequency of the rubidium gas cell coincide with each other.
The phase modulation frequency output from the low frequency oscillation frequency is 2
And the output level becomes maximum, that is, the synchronization signal becomes maximum. Therefore, the light emission voltage controller 28 fluctuates the output voltage back and forth according to the output level of a frequency twice the phase modulation signal, for example, so that the emission spectrum of the semiconductor light emitting element 25 matches the transition frequency of the rubidium gas cell. The control system is configured to always set the center voltage.
またシールドケース14の外周にヒータ29が巻付けられ、
ヒータ29は温度制御器31に接続される。光−マイクロ波
共鳴部11は温度制御器31によつて温度制御され、半導体
発光素子25及びキヤビテイ12は一定の温度に保たれる。A heater 29 is wound around the outer circumference of the shield case 14,
The heater 29 is connected to the temperature controller 31. The temperature of the optical-microwave resonance unit 11 is controlled by a temperature controller 31, and the semiconductor light emitting device 25 and the cavity 12 are kept at a constant temperature.
「発明の効果」 以上説明したようにこの発明は、発光スペクトルを安定
化した半導体発光素子を用いる構造にしたために、従来
のランプのように高温度に保つ必要がなく、このため、
発振器としての寿命が伸びさらには小型低電力化できる
効果がある。[Advantages of the Invention] As described above, the present invention does not need to be maintained at a high temperature as in a conventional lamp because it has a structure that uses a semiconductor light emitting element with a stable emission spectrum.
This has the effect of extending the life of the oscillator and further reducing the size and power consumption.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例を示す構成図、第２図は光
吸収特性を示す図である。 11:光−マイクロ波共鳴部、12:キヤビテイ、13:ルビジ
ウムガスセル、14:シールドケース、15:電圧制御水晶発
振器、18:低周波発振器、17:位相変調器、19:周波数合
成器、21:太陽電池、22:低周波増幅器、23:位相検波
器、25:半導体発光素子、27:同期信号増幅器、28:発光
電圧制御器。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing light absorption characteristics. 11: optical-microwave resonance part, 12: cavities, 13: rubidium gas cell, 14: shield case, 15: voltage controlled crystal oscillator, 18: low frequency oscillator, 17: phase modulator, 19: frequency synthesizer, 21: Solar cell, 22: low frequency amplifier, 23: phase detector, 25: semiconductor light emitting element, 27: synchronous signal amplifier, 28: light emission voltage controller.
Claims (1)
ンピング法により励起し、電圧制御水晶発振器の発振出
力を低周波発振器の出力により位相変調し、その位相変
調出力を周波数合成器によりルビジウムの共鳴波数のマ
イクロ波に変換し、そのマイクロ波を上記ルビジウムに
照射し、そのルビジウムから放射される光を電気信号に
変換し、その電気信号を上記低周波発振器の出力により
位相検波器で位相検波し、その位相検波出力がゼロにな
るように上記電圧制御水晶発振器の発振周波数を制御
し、上記電圧制御水晶発振器の出力を発振出力とするル
ビジウム原子発振器において、 上記ルビジウムを光励起する光源として上記光−マイク
ロ波共鳴部のキヤビテイと一体構造で設けられた半導体
発光素子と、 上記電気信号から上記低周波発振器の発振周波数の２倍
の成分を検出する同期信号増幅器と、 その同期信号増幅器の出力により、その出力が最大にな
るように上記半導体発光素子の出力光スペクトラムを制
御する発光電圧制御器とを設けたことを特徴とするルビ
ジウム原子発振器。1. Rubidium in an optical-microwave resonance section is excited by an optical pumping method, the oscillation output of a voltage controlled crystal oscillator is phase-modulated by the output of a low-frequency oscillator, and the phase-modulated output is converted by a frequency synthesizer into rubidium. Convert to microwave of resonance wave number, irradiate the microwave to the rubidium, convert the light radiated from the rubidium to an electric signal, and the electric signal is phase detected by the phase detector by the output of the low frequency oscillator. Then, the oscillation frequency of the voltage-controlled crystal oscillator is controlled so that the phase detection output becomes zero, and in the rubidium atomic oscillator whose oscillation output is the output of the voltage-controlled crystal oscillator, the light as the light source for optically exciting the rubidium is used. A semiconductor light emitting device provided integrally with the cavity of the microwave resonance part, and the low frequency from the electric signal. A synchronous signal amplifier for detecting a component twice the oscillation frequency of the oscillator, and an emission voltage controller for controlling the output optical spectrum of the semiconductor light emitting element by the output of the synchronous signal amplifier so as to maximize the output. A rubidium atomic oscillator characterized by being provided with.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60008680A JPH0744453B2 (en) | 1985-01-21 | 1985-01-21 | Rubidium atomic oscillator |
| GB08526687A GB2175868B (en) | 1985-01-21 | 1985-10-30 | Transfer system for plastic processing machines |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60008680A JPH0744453B2 (en) | 1985-01-21 | 1985-01-21 | Rubidium atomic oscillator |
| JP60074141A JPS61235310A (en) | 1985-04-08 | 1985-04-08 | Conveyor device in a plastical processing machine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS61167225A JPS61167225A (en) | 1986-07-28 |
| JPH0744453B2 true JPH0744453B2 (en) | 1995-05-15 |
Family
ID=26343243
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60008680A Expired - Lifetime JPH0744453B2 (en) | 1985-01-21 | 1985-01-21 | Rubidium atomic oscillator |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0744453B2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2175868B (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63171227A (en) * | 1987-01-09 | 1988-07-15 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Handling bar unloading method and device for transfer press machine |
| GB2199525B (en) * | 1987-01-09 | 1991-09-04 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Workpiece transfer device for press machine |
| JPS63207429A (en) * | 1987-02-23 | 1988-08-26 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Press machine workpiece conveyance device |
| US4995505A (en) * | 1987-10-31 | 1991-02-26 | Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Transfer method and device and driving system therefor for transfer presses |
| DE3824058C2 (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1994-10-06 | Mueller Weingarten Maschf | Transport device in a step press |
| JPH083071Y2 (en) * | 1988-08-24 | 1996-01-29 | 横河電機株式会社 | Frequency standard |
| JPH02145824U (en) * | 1989-05-15 | 1990-12-11 | ||
| JPH0756516Y2 (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1995-12-25 | 横河電機株式会社 | Frequency standard |
| DE4002414A1 (en) * | 1990-01-27 | 1991-08-01 | Krause Johann A Maschf | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TRANSPORTING OBJECTS ALONG A PRODUCTION ROAD |
| DE4005972A1 (en) * | 1990-02-26 | 1991-08-29 | Tetra Pak Gmbh | DEVICE FOR DRAWING AN OPEN SHELL |
| JP2762162B2 (en) * | 1990-04-19 | 1998-06-04 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Transfer device of transfer press machine |
| JP6295571B2 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2018-03-20 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Electronic devices, quantum interference devices, atomic oscillators, electronic devices, and moving objects |
| CN104259307B (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2016-06-29 | 昆山集鑫成精密模具有限公司 | A kind of LED lamp cover moulding process |
| EP3981575B1 (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2026-05-06 | Geiss AG | Assembly for feeding a semi-finished product to a thermoforming machine, assembly for thermoforming, and method |
| EP3981574B1 (en) | 2020-10-09 | 2024-12-25 | Geiss AG | Assembly for feeding a semi-finished product to a thermoforming machine, assembly for thermoforming, and method |
-
1985
- 1985-01-21 JP JP60008680A patent/JPH0744453B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-10-30 GB GB08526687A patent/GB2175868B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8526687D0 (en) | 1985-12-04 |
| GB2175868B (en) | 1988-12-21 |
| JPS61167225A (en) | 1986-07-28 |
| GB2175868A (en) | 1986-12-10 |
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