JPH0748628B2 - Crystal oscillator - Google Patents
Crystal oscillatorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0748628B2 JPH0748628B2 JP63006211A JP621188A JPH0748628B2 JP H0748628 B2 JPH0748628 B2 JP H0748628B2 JP 63006211 A JP63006211 A JP 63006211A JP 621188 A JP621188 A JP 621188A JP H0748628 B2 JPH0748628 B2 JP H0748628B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- overtone
- crystal
- electrodes
- oscillator
- fundamental wave
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title description 41
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
- Filters That Use Time-Delay Elements (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〈本発明の目的〉 ［産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は、オーバートーンの発振を行なう水晶振動子に
関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Purpose of the Invention> [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a crystal unit that oscillates overtone.
［従来の技術］ 厚みすべり系の水晶振動子は、周波数が水晶板の厚さで
決定されるため、周波数が高くなる程薄くなり製造しに
くくなる。通常、基本波としては周波数が20MHz、水晶
板の厚さが0.08mm位までを利用し、それ以上の周波数は
オーバートーンを利用する。オーバートーンを利用すれ
ば、水晶板の厚さが基本波に比べて厚く出来るため作り
易い。第４図は、発振回路として最もよく使われている
MOS−ICの発振回路である。インバータでπ回路を構成
し、帰還抵抗Rf,入力コンデンサC1，出力コンデンサC2
水晶振動子Xtalから成っている。この発振回路の負性抵
抗は、周波数が低い程大きな値を持つため、水晶振動子
Xtalは基本波の発振を行い、オーバートーンでは発振し
ない。この発振回路でオーバートーンを発振させるため
には、第５図に示すようなLCの同調回路51を入力コンデ
ンサC1と並列に接続して、基本波を抑えオーバートーン
を選択させる必要がある。しかしながら、LCの同調回路
51の分だけ部品点数が増えコストアップとなる。[Prior Art] Since the frequency of a thickness-sliding crystal resonator is determined by the thickness of the crystal plate, the thickness becomes thinner and the manufacturing becomes difficult as the frequency increases. Usually, the fundamental wave has a frequency of 20 MHz and the thickness of the crystal plate is up to about 0.08 mm, and the overtone is used for frequencies higher than that. If overtone is used, the crystal plate can be made thicker than the fundamental wave, so it is easy to make. Figure 4 is the most commonly used oscillator circuit
This is a MOS-IC oscillator circuit. Inverter forms a π circuit, feedback resistor Rf, input capacitor C 1 , output capacitor C 2
Made of crystal Xtal. Since the negative resistance of this oscillator has a larger value at lower frequencies, the crystal oscillator
Xtal oscillates the fundamental wave and does not oscillate in overtone. In order to oscillate the overtone with this oscillating circuit, it is necessary to connect the LC tuning circuit 51 as shown in FIG. 5 in parallel with the input capacitor C 1 to suppress the fundamental wave and select the overtone. However, the LC tuning circuit
The number of parts is increased by 51 and the cost is increased.
そこで、水晶振動子単体で基本波の共振が弱く、即ち共
振抵抗が大きく、オーバートーンの共振抵抗が小さいも
のとすればよい。これはオーバートーンの方が基本波に
対して電極部分の振動エネルギーのとじ込めが大きいと
いう現象を利用する方法が従来よりある。（特開昭53−
36494号公報等） ［発明が解決しようとする問題点］ CMOS−ICを用いた発振回路でオーバートーンを発振させ
るためには、一般にLC同調回路等を付加する必要があ
り、コストアップになると共にコイルを用いるため小型
化に不利なものとなっていた。Therefore, it is sufficient that the resonance of the fundamental wave is weak, that is, the resonance resistance is large and the resonance resistance of the overtone is small in the single crystal resonator. The conventional method is to use a phenomenon in which the vibration energy of the electrode portion is larger than that of the fundamental wave in the overtone. (JP-A-53-
(Problems to be solved by the invention) In order to oscillate an overtone with an oscillation circuit using a CMOS-IC, it is generally necessary to add an LC tuning circuit or the like, which increases cost. Since the coil is used, it is disadvantageous for downsizing.
［本発明の目的］ 水晶振動子単体で基本波の共振が弱く、即ち共振抵抗が
大きく、オーバートーンの共振抵抗が小さいものを電極
構造により達成し、CMOS−ICの発振回路でLC同調回路等
の付加回路を使用しないでオーバートーン発振を行うも
のである。[Object of the Present Invention] A crystal unit having a weak fundamental wave resonance, that is, a large resonance resistance and a small overtone resonance resistance is achieved by an electrode structure. The overtone oscillation is performed without using the additional circuit of.
〈本発明の構成〉 ［問題を解決する手段］ 水晶振動子の両面中央部に対向する電極を施した水晶振
動子において、オーバートーンの発振をさせるために該
水晶振動子の少なくとも一方の面の該電極を該水晶振動
子の中心から放射状に分割し、および相隣接する分割電
極の極性が異なるように配置して励振した構造の水晶振
動子である。<Structure of the Present Invention> [Means for Solving the Problem] In a quartz resonator having electrodes facing the central portions of both surfaces of the quartz resonator, at least one surface of the quartz resonator is arranged to oscillate overtone. The crystal oscillator has a structure in which the electrodes are radially divided from the center of the crystal oscillator, and the divided electrodes adjacent to each other are arranged so as to have different polarities and excited.
［作用及び実施例］ 第３図は、水晶振動子31の断面図である。両面中央部に
電極32を施したもので、基本波33とオーバートーン34で
の振動エネルギーを示すものである。オーバートーン34
の振動エネルギーが電極32部分に集中しているのに対
し、基本波33の振動エネルギーは周辺部にまで拡がって
いるので、水晶振動子31をベースに組立てる際、保持部
に導電性接着剤等を塗布して基本波の振動エネルギーを
吸収させ共振抵抗を増大せしめることが出来る。これに
よりオーバートーン発振を容易にさせることが出来る。[Operation and Examples] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the crystal unit 31. An electrode 32 is applied to the central portions of both surfaces, and shows the vibration energy in the fundamental wave 33 and the overtone 34. Overtone 34
While the vibration energy of the fundamental wave 33 is spread to the peripheral part while the vibration energy of the electrode 32 is concentrated on the electrode 32 part, when assembling the crystal unit 31 to the base, a conductive adhesive or the like is attached to the holding part. Can be applied to absorb the vibration energy of the fundamental wave and increase the resonance resistance. This can facilitate overtone oscillation.
また、オーバートーンをより効率良く発振させるために
基本波33の振動エネルギーが極力周辺まで効果的に拡散
してくるようにすればよく、水晶振動子31の電極32の設
けられた部分の周波数が高くなるようにすれば良い。即
ち、基本波において水晶振動子31素板の共振周波数をf1
とし、電極を付加したときの共振周波数をf2とするとf1
＜f2となるようにすれば、効果的に基本波33の振動エネ
ルギーは周辺部に拡散する。Further, in order to oscillate the overtone more efficiently, the vibration energy of the fundamental wave 33 may be effectively diffused to the surroundings as much as possible, and the frequency of the portion where the electrode 32 of the crystal oscillator 31 is provided is It should be high. That is, the resonance frequency of the crystal unit 31 of the fundamental wave is set to f 1
And then, when the resonance frequency when adding electrodes to f 2 f 1
When it is set to <f 2 , the vibration energy of the fundamental wave 33 is effectively diffused to the peripheral portion.
通常は、水晶振動子31素板に単一の電極が付加される
と、それに応じて周波数は低下する。即ちf1＞f2とな
る。Normally, when a single electrode is added to the crystal oscillator 31 base plate, the frequency decreases accordingly. That is, f 1 > f 2 .
従ってこのf1＜f2の関係を十分に実現するため、第１図
（ａ）に水晶振動子11の電極構造を平面図で示す。水晶
振動子11には、両面中央部に電極を付加するが、少なく
とも一方の面の電極を水晶振動子11の中心から放射状に
して４分割したものである。そして相隣接する分割電極
12,13,14,15の極性がそれぞれ異なるように配置する。
第１図（ａ）の図面上で分割電極を斜線と砂目模様で示
しているが、電極の極性が異なることを示すもので、分
割電極12と13,13と14,14と15,15と12のそれぞれ相隣接
した分割電極の極性が異なることを示す。Therefore, in order to sufficiently realize the relationship of f 1 <f 2 , the electrode structure of the crystal resonator 11 is shown in plan view in FIG. Electrodes are added to the central portions of both sides of the crystal oscillator 11, but the electrodes on at least one surface are radially divided from the center of the crystal oscillator 11 and divided into four. And adjacent divided electrodes
Arrange so that the polarities of 12, 13, 14, and 15 are different from each other.
In the drawing of FIG. 1 (a), the divided electrodes are shown by diagonal lines and a grain pattern, but it shows that the polarities of the electrodes are different. The divided electrodes 12 and 13, 13 and 14, 14, 15 and 15 are shown. It is shown that the polarities of the divided electrodes adjacent to each other are different.
なお、この水晶振動子11はベースの保持部に固着するた
め、各分割電極は水晶振動子11の端部まで引き伸ばした
り、分割電極同士を接続している。本実施例では、裏面
（破線）の電極も表面の電極と同様に施してある。この
ように電極を分割することにより、分割電極を付加した
場合の共振周波数をさらに高くすることが出来、比較的
容易にf1＜f2の関係を実現する事ができる。Since the crystal oscillator 11 is fixed to the holding portion of the base, each divided electrode is extended to the end of the crystal oscillator 11 or the divided electrodes are connected to each other. In this embodiment, the electrodes on the back surface (broken line) are formed in the same manner as the electrodes on the front surface. By dividing the electrodes in this way, the resonance frequency when the divided electrodes are added can be further increased, and the relationship of f 1 <f 2 can be realized relatively easily.
第１図（ｂ）は、第１図（ａ）の水晶振動子11をＡ−Ａ
線で縦断したときの電荷分布説明図である。なお、説明
に不要な接続電極と引出し電極は省いてある。このよう
に、オーバートーンの電荷分布16は、それぞれの電極部
分13と15でエネルギーがとじ込められる。一方、基本波
の電荷分布17は、水晶振動子11の中央部で電極がないた
め、この部分で減衰している。FIG. 1B shows the crystal unit 11 of FIG.
It is an electric charge distribution explanatory view when a vertical section is made by a line. The connection electrode and the extraction electrode, which are unnecessary for the explanation, are omitted. Thus, the overtone charge distribution 16 has energy trapped at the respective electrode portions 13 and 15. On the other hand, the charge distribution 17 of the fundamental wave is attenuated in this portion because there is no electrode in the central portion of the crystal resonator 11.
なお、実施例として水晶振動子素板の周波数を10.67MH
z、外形寸法８φに電極5.0φの４分割電極を付加し、基
本波の周波数を水晶振動子素板の周波数に対し＋15kHz
とすると、３次のオーバートーン32KHzの共振抵抗は約2
0Ωで、基本波のCI1（Crystal Impedance）と３次オー
バートーンのCI3との比ａ＝CI1／CI3が15〜20とするこ
とが出来る。この比ａの値が15〜20倍ということは、第
４図の発振回路を用いて３次オーバートーンを発振させ
るには通常十分な値である。As an example, the frequency of the quartz crystal blank was set to 10.67MH.
z, external dimension is 8φ, and a 4-division electrode of 5.0φ is added, and the frequency of the fundamental wave is + 15kHz to the frequency of the quartz crystal blank.
Then, the resonance resistance of the third overtone 32KHz is about 2
At 0Ω, the ratio a = CI 1 / CI 3 of CI 1 (Crystal Impedance) of the fundamental wave and CI 3 of the third overtone can be set to 15 to 20. The fact that the value of the ratio a is 15 to 20 times is usually a sufficient value for oscillating a third overtone using the oscillator circuit of FIG.
第２図は、他の実施例を示す水晶振動子21の平面図であ
る。FIG. 2 is a plan view of a crystal oscillator 21 showing another embodiment.
水晶振動子21の中心から放射状に電極を４つに分割した
もので、分割電極22,23,24,25は、それぞれ矩形状にし
たものである。図で斜線と砂目模様とは電極の極性が異
なることを示すもので、相隣接した分割電極は、それぞ
れ極性が異なるように配置してある。The electrodes are radially divided into four from the center of the crystal oscillator 21, and the divided electrodes 22, 23, 24, 25 are each formed in a rectangular shape. In the figure, the shaded lines and the grained pattern show that the polarities of the electrodes are different, and the divided electrodes adjacent to each other are arranged so as to have different polarities.
そして、このような電極配置によりオーバートーンを発
振させるのであるが、第４図の発振回路の入出力コンデ
ンサC1，C2の容量を大きくし、即ち、水晶振動子Xtalの
負荷容量を大きくしすぎると基本波の発振を起こすこと
がある。74HCU04のICを用いて約50pFが限界である。し
かし通常用いられる10〜20pFでは全く基本波は発振しな
い。これは水晶振動子の負荷容量を小さくした方が３次
オーバートーンの発振に有利であるということであり、
また、これは主信号とスプリアスとを分離することにも
有利である。即ち、４分割電極をした水晶振動子で、電
極寸法や位置の若干のアンバランスで主信号の前にスプ
リアスが現われる。このスプリアスは、かなり大きくな
る場合もあるが、オーバートーン発振のため容量比が大
きく、負荷容量が小さくなるに従い主信号に対しレベル
が低下する。また主信号は高域側にシフトし周波数間隔
が広がるため、これらの振動が相互に入れかわり周波数
のジャンプを引き起こすことはない。Then, although the overtone is oscillated by such an electrode arrangement, the capacitance of the input / output capacitors C 1 and C 2 of the oscillation circuit of FIG. 4 is increased, that is, the load capacitance of the crystal unit Xtal is increased. If too much, the fundamental wave may oscillate. The limit is about 50pF using the 74HCU04 IC. However, the fundamental wave does not oscillate at 10 to 20 pF which is usually used. This means that reducing the load capacitance of the crystal unit is more advantageous for the third overtone oscillation.
It is also advantageous for separating the main signal and spurs. That is, in a quartz oscillator having four-divided electrodes, spurious appears in front of the main signal due to slight imbalance in electrode size and position. Although this spurious signal may be considerably large, the capacitance ratio is large due to overtone oscillation, and the level decreases with respect to the main signal as the load capacitance decreases. Further, since the main signal is shifted to the high frequency side and the frequency interval is widened, these vibrations do not interchange with each other and cause a frequency jump.
また、このような水晶振動子の周波数調整は、水晶振動
子全面にわたって半導体等の比較的真空蒸着しやすい物
質を付着させれば水晶振動子の電極部分の周波数が低下
すると同時に、等価的に水晶振動子素板の周波数も低下
するのでf1＜f2の関係はそこなわれない。In addition, such a frequency adjustment of the crystal unit is performed by reducing the frequency of the electrode part of the crystal unit at the same time as equilibrating the crystal unit by attaching a substance such as a semiconductor that is relatively easy to be vacuum-deposited over the entire surface of the crystal unit. Since the frequency of the oscillator plate also decreases, the relationship of f 1 <f 2 is not broken.
〈本発明の効果〉 本発明は、オーバートーンを発振させるために水晶振動
子素板の少なくとも一方の面の電極を水晶振動子の中心
から放射状に分割し、相隣接する分割電極の極性を異な
らしたものであるから、一般に利用されているMOS−IC
の発振回路でLCの同調回路がなくてもオーバートーン発
振させることが出来、また、付加回路が不必要なためコ
ストアップにならず、さらに小型化をも容易にすること
が出来た。<Effects of the Present Invention> In the present invention, in order to oscillate an overtone, the electrodes on at least one surface of the crystal unit are radially divided from the center of the crystal unit, and if the polarities of the adjacent divided electrodes are different. MOS-IC that is commonly used
With this oscillator circuit, overtone oscillation can be performed without the LC tuning circuit, and since an additional circuit is not required, the cost does not increase and the size can be easily reduced.
第１図（ａ）は、水晶振動子の平面図。第１図（ｂ）
は、水晶振動子の電荷分布説明図。第２図は、水晶振動
子の平面図。第３図は、振動エネルギーを説明する図。
第４図は、MOS−ICを用いた発振回路図。第５図は、従
来のオーバートーン発振回路図である。 11,21……水晶振動子 12,13,14,15,22,23,24,25……分割電極FIG. 1A is a plan view of a crystal unit. Fig. 1 (b)
Is an explanatory diagram of charge distribution of the crystal unit. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the crystal unit. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating vibration energy.
FIG. 4 is an oscillator circuit diagram using a MOS-IC. FIG. 5 is a conventional overtone oscillator circuit diagram. 11,21 …… Crystal resonator 12,13,14,15,22,23,24,25 …… Split electrodes
Claims (1)
部に対向する電極を施した水晶振動子において、オーバ
ートーンの発振させるために該水晶振動子の少なくとも
一方の面の該電極を該水晶振動子の中心から放射状に分
割し、および相隣接する分割電極の極性が異なるように
配置して励振したことを特徴とする水晶振動子。1. A quartz oscillator having thickness-shear oscillating quartz oscillators, wherein electrodes facing each other are provided at the central portions of both sides of the quartz oscillator. A quartz oscillator characterized in that it is divided radially from the center of the oscillator and arranged so that adjacent divided electrodes have different polarities for excitation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63006211A JPH0748628B2 (en) | 1988-01-13 | 1988-01-13 | Crystal oscillator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63006211A JPH0748628B2 (en) | 1988-01-13 | 1988-01-13 | Crystal oscillator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01181215A JPH01181215A (en) | 1989-07-19 |
| JPH0748628B2 true JPH0748628B2 (en) | 1995-05-24 |
Family
ID=11632192
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63006211A Expired - Lifetime JPH0748628B2 (en) | 1988-01-13 | 1988-01-13 | Crystal oscillator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0748628B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57206117A (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1982-12-17 | Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd | Miniature quartz oscillator |
-
1988
- 1988-01-13 JP JP63006211A patent/JPH0748628B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH01181215A (en) | 1989-07-19 |
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