JPH0750808B2 - Optical element - Google Patents
Optical elementInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0750808B2 JPH0750808B2 JP59217739A JP21773984A JPH0750808B2 JP H0750808 B2 JPH0750808 B2 JP H0750808B2 JP 59217739 A JP59217739 A JP 59217739A JP 21773984 A JP21773984 A JP 21773984A JP H0750808 B2 JPH0750808 B2 JP H0750808B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- face
- semiconductor laser
- optical
- reflectance
- reflection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 (発明の分野) 本発明は光素子に関する。Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to optical devices.
(従来技術とその問題点) 光の導波機構を内部に有する光素子は、必ずその出射端
面で光の反射が生じる。このような光素子の中には、こ
の端面反射を有効に利用したものもあるが、逆にそれを
嫌うものもある。例えば、2つのへき開端面の反射を利
用してレーザ発振する半導体レーザは、前者のよい例で
ある。また、半導体レーザにおいても、後者のようにそ
の端面反射を極力抑えて使用する場合もある。例えば光
ヘテロダイン受信システムにおいて、局部発振光源とし
て用いる半導体レーザは、狭いスペクトル線幅で且つ一
本の軸モードで発振することが要求される。そのために
例えば1983年7月7日発行のエレクトロニクスレターズ
誌(Electronics Letters)、第19巻、第14号の550頁〜
551頁でアール、ヤット(R・WYATT)らが「1.52μm PS
K HETERODYNE EXPERIMENT FEATV−RING AN EXTERNAL CA
VITY DIODE LASER LOCAL OSCILLATOR」と題して報告し
ている中にあるように、半導体レーザの片端面に反射抑
制用の無反射コーティグを施し、その外側に回折格子か
らなる外部鏡を設け、その波長選択性と実効的な長共振
器化を利用することによって、半導体レーザを狭いスペ
クトル線幅で且つ一本の軸モードで発振させる手段があ
る。この場合、無反射コーティングによる反射抑制が不
十分であると、半導体レーザの2つのへき開端面によっ
て形成される共振器のモード間でモードジャンプが生じ
易くなるため、無反射コーティング端面の反射率は極力
下げる必要がある。ところで、この無反射コーティング
は、ケミカル・ベーパ・デポジッション法(CVD法)等
を用いて、SiN膜等を波長の1/4の厚さに形成したものが
一般的であるが、CVD法による膜厚制御が困難であるた
め、コーティング端面の反射率は1〜2%程度までしか
下げることは不可能であった。(Prior Art and Problems Thereof) In an optical element having a light guiding mechanism inside, light is always reflected at the exit end face. Some of such optical elements make effective use of this end face reflection, but conversely dislike it. For example, a semiconductor laser that oscillates by utilizing the reflection of two cleaved end faces is a good example of the former. Further, also in the semiconductor laser, there is a case where the end facet reflection is suppressed as much as possible in the latter case. For example, in an optical heterodyne receiving system, a semiconductor laser used as a local oscillation light source is required to oscillate in a single axis mode with a narrow spectral line width. For this purpose, for example, pages 550 and 19 of Electronics Letters, Vol. 19, No. 14, published on July 7, 1983.
On page 551, R. WYATT et al. "1.52 μm PS
K HETERODYNE EXPERIMENT FEATV-RING AN EXTERNAL CA
As described in the report entitled "VITY DIODE LASER LOCAL OSCILLATOR", a non-reflective coating for reflection suppression is applied to one end face of a semiconductor laser, and an external mirror consisting of a diffraction grating is provided outside it, and its wavelength selection is performed. There is a means for oscillating a semiconductor laser with a narrow spectral line width and a single axial mode by utilizing the characteristics and effective lengthening of the cavity. In this case, if the reflection suppression by the antireflection coating is insufficient, a mode jump easily occurs between the modes of the resonator formed by the two cleaved end faces of the semiconductor laser, so the reflectance of the end face of the antireflection coating is as low as possible. Need to lower. By the way, this non-reflective coating is generally formed by using a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method) or the like to form a SiN film or the like with a thickness of 1/4 of the wavelength, but by the CVD method Since it is difficult to control the film thickness, it is impossible to reduce the reflectance of the coating end surface to only about 1 to 2%.
前述の外部鏡型半導体レーザの場合、安定な一本の外部
鏡もモードでの発振を得るためには、コーティング端面
の反射率を1%以下にする必要があり、従って、SiN膜
等を用いた無反射コーティングだけの反射抑制手段では
不十分であった。In the case of the external mirror type semiconductor laser described above, the reflectance of the coating end face must be 1% or less in order to obtain the oscillation in one stable external mirror. Therefore, the SiN film or the like should be used. The antireflection coating using only the antireflection coating was insufficient.
(発明の目的) 本発明の目的は、光の出射端面の反射率が極めて低い光
素子を提供することにある。(Object of the Invention) An object of the present invention is to provide an optical element having an extremely low reflectance on the light emitting end face.
(発明の構成) 本発明による光素子の構成は光導波機構を備え、この光
導波機構が出射端面の手前の端面付近で拡がった構造と
し、さらに前記出射端面に光の反射防止膜が形成されて
いることを特徴とする。(Structure of the Invention) The structure of the optical element according to the present invention includes an optical waveguide mechanism, and the optical waveguide mechanism has a structure that spreads in the vicinity of the end face in front of the emission end face, and further, a light antireflection film is formed on the emission end face. It is characterized by
(発明の原理) 反射率が低く、且つ光の取り出しの可能な端面構造のひ
とつに、昭和59年度春の電子通信学会総合全国大会講演
論文集分冊4の第1021番で、秋葉らが「InGaAsP/InP窓
構造DFBレーザの出力出射特性」と題して報告している
ように、出射端面の手前で光導波路を途切らせた構造の
いわゆる窓構造がある。これは、光導波路の存在しない
端面付近の窓領域において、光が放射状に拡がるため、
端面からの反射光が再び光導波路に結合する効率が低く
なり、実効的に端面反射率が低くなるものである。この
窓構造端面の場合、実効的な反射率は窓領域の長さを長
くするほど低くなるが、その反面、光ビームの拡がりに
よって半導体レーザの電極部で反射される光が多くな
り、出射ビームにサイドローブが現われるという問題が
生じる。このサイドローブをなくすためには、光導波路
と電極との距離を離す必要があるが、半導体レーザの場
合は、その距離が5μm程度と決まっているためサイド
ローブか現われない窓領域長は数μm程度に制限され
る。従ってその時の窓構造端面の反射率は、よくても1
%程度までしか下げることはできない。(Principle of Invention) One of the end face structures that has a low reflectance and is capable of extracting light is as follows: Akiba et al., "InGaAsP / As described in the report entitled "Output emission characteristics of InP window structure DFB laser", there is a so-called window structure in which the optical waveguide is cut off in front of the emission end face. This is because light spreads radially in the window region near the end face where the optical waveguide does not exist,
The efficiency with which the light reflected from the end face is coupled to the optical waveguide again becomes low, and the end face reflectance is effectively lowered. In the case of this end face of the window structure, the effective reflectance decreases as the length of the window region increases, but on the other hand, the spread of the light beam increases the amount of light reflected by the electrode part of the semiconductor laser and There is a problem that a side lobe appears at. In order to eliminate this side lobe, it is necessary to increase the distance between the optical waveguide and the electrode. In the case of a semiconductor laser, however, the distance is determined to be about 5 μm, so the window region length in which no side lobe appears is several μm. Limited to the extent. Therefore, the reflectivity of the end face of the window structure at that time is at most 1
It can only be reduced to about%.
しかしながら、この窓構造タイプの反射抑制構造は、無
反射コーティングによる反射抑制手段を併用して用いる
ことができ、そうすることにより極めて低い端面反射率
を実現することができる。例えば、反射率1%の窓構造
端面に、反射率1%程度の無反射コーティングを施せば
約0.01%程度の極めて低い反射率の端面が得られる。However, this window structure type anti-reflection structure can be used in combination with anti-reflection coating anti-reflection means, whereby extremely low end face reflectance can be realized. For example, if a non-reflective coating having a reflectance of about 1% is applied to the end surface of the window structure having a reflectance of 1%, an edge having an extremely low reflectance of about 0.01% can be obtained.
(実施例1) 以下に本発明による光素子の実施例を、図面を用いて詳
細に説明する。Example 1 An example of an optical element according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
第1図(a)(b)に第1の実施例である光素子の断面
図を示す。第1図(b)では水平断面図を、第1図
(a)ではその水平断面図を示す。この光素子は、波長
組成1.3μmからなるInGaAsP活性層2を、n−InP基板
1とP−InPクラッド層3とでサンドイッチ状に挟んだ
ダブルヘテロ構造をなす半導体レーザで、P−InPクラ
ッド層3の上にはP+−JnGaAsPキャップ層4、P側電極
5が、n−JnP基板1の下にはn側電極6が形成されて
いる。また、光の導波路であるInGaAsP活性層2は、水
平面内においてストライプ状活性層2の幅が端面付近で
拡がって長さ約5μmの窓領域7を形成している。この
場合活性層2の幅が拡がっている部分7において、光の
導波機能がなくなるため、この部分がの窓領域7とな
る。更に窓領域7が形成された側の端面には、SiN膜か
らなる無反射コーティング膜8が形成されており、その
膜厚は、発振波長1.3μmに対して対応して約2000Åと
なっている。1 (a) and 1 (b) are sectional views of the optical device of the first embodiment. 1B shows a horizontal sectional view, and FIG. 1A shows the horizontal sectional view. This optical device is a semiconductor laser having a double hetero structure in which an InGaAsP active layer 2 having a wavelength composition of 1.3 μm is sandwiched between an n-InP substrate 1 and a P-InP clad layer 3, and is a P-InP clad layer. A P + -JnGaAsP cap layer 4 and a P-side electrode 5 are formed on the substrate 3, and an n-side electrode 6 is formed under the n-JnP substrate 1. Further, in the InGaAsP active layer 2 which is a light waveguide, the width of the stripe-shaped active layer 2 expands in the vicinity of the end face in the horizontal plane to form the window region 7 having a length of about 5 μm. In this case, since the light guiding function is lost in the portion 7 where the width of the active layer 2 is widened, this portion becomes the window region 7. Further, a non-reflective coating film 8 made of a SiN film is formed on the end face on the side where the window region 7 is formed, and the film thickness is about 2000 Å corresponding to the oscillation wavelength of 1.3 μm. .
この半導体レーザの端面反射率は、窓構造及び無反射コ
ーティングの2重の反射抑制効果により、約0.01%程度
と極めて低くなっている。The end face reflectance of this semiconductor laser is about 0.01%, which is extremely low due to the double reflection suppressing effect of the window structure and the antireflection coating.
以上、第1の実施例で説明した半導体レーザの外部に外
部鏡を設け、レーザ発振させたところ、10μw以上の出
力レベルまで安定に単一軸モードで動作し、且つスペク
トル線幅も約10KHzと極めて狭いものが得られた。この
ように本発明による端面は反射抑制構造を片端面に採用
した半導体レーザは、前述のごとく外部鏡型半導体レー
ザとして最適であるほか、両端面に採用されば透過型の
光増幅器としても使用できる。As described above, when an external mirror is provided outside the semiconductor laser described in the first embodiment and laser oscillation is performed, stable operation is performed in the single axis mode up to an output level of 10 μw or more, and the spectral line width is about 10 KHz. I got a narrow one. As described above, the semiconductor laser using the reflection suppressing structure at one end face according to the present invention is most suitable as the external mirror type semiconductor laser as described above, and can also be used as a transmission type optical amplifier if it is adopted at both end faces. .
尚、ここでは、本発明を半導体レーザに適用した例を示
したが、本発明は内部に光導波路を有する光素子であれ
ば有効であり、例えばLiNbO3からなる光スイッチ等の光
回路素子等にも有効である。また、本実施例では、無反
射コーティング膜8としてSiN膜を用いたが無反射コー
ティング膜8は他の屈折率材料からなるってもよく、例
えばSiO2膜等でもよい。また、実施例では最も単純な構
造のものについて説明したが、もっと複雑な構造例えば
埋め込みテトライブ構造、DFB等でも適用できることは
いうまでもない。Here, an example in which the present invention is applied to a semiconductor laser is shown, but the present invention is effective as long as it is an optical element having an optical waveguide inside, for example, an optical circuit element such as an optical switch made of LiNbO 3 or the like. It is also effective. Further, in this embodiment, the SiN film is used as the antireflection coating film 8, but the antireflection coating film 8 may be made of another refractive index material, for example, a SiO 2 film or the like. Further, in the embodiment, the simplest structure has been described, but it goes without saying that a more complicated structure such as an embedded tetri structure or DFB can be applied.
(発明の効果) 本発明による端面反射抑制構造を片端面に採用した光素
子は、出射端面の反射率が極めて低く半導体レーザのよ
うな光素子では前述のごとく外部鏡型半導体レーザとし
て最適である他、両端面にこの端面反射抑制構造を採用
した半導体レーザは、透過型光増幅器として使用でき
る。(Effects of the Invention) An optical element using the end facet reflection suppressing structure according to the present invention on one end face has an extremely low reflectance at the emitting end face, and is an optical device such as a semiconductor laser, which is optimal as an external mirror type semiconductor laser as described above. In addition, a semiconductor laser having the end facet reflection suppressing structure on both end faces can be used as a transmission type optical amplifier.
第1図(a)、(b)はそれぞれ本発明の第1の実施例
である光素子の縦断面図及び水平面断面図である。1は
n−InP基板、2はInGaAsP活性層、3はP−InPクラッ
ド層、4はPt−InGaAsPキャップ層、5はP側電極、6
はn側電極、7は窓領域、8は無反射コーティング膜で
ある。1 (a) and 1 (b) are respectively a longitudinal sectional view and a horizontal sectional view of an optical device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 1 n-InP substrate, 2 an InGaAsP active layer, 3 is P-InP cladding layer, P t -InGaAsP cap layer 4, 5 P-side electrode, 6
Is an n-side electrode, 7 is a window region, and 8 is an antireflection coating film.
Claims (1)
端面の手前の端面付近で拡がった構造とし、さらに前記
出射端面に光の反射防止膜が形成されていることを特徴
とする光素子。1. An optical waveguide mechanism, which has a structure in which the optical waveguide mechanism expands in the vicinity of an end face before the emission end face, and a light antireflection film is formed on the emission end face. element.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59217739A JPH0750808B2 (en) | 1984-10-17 | 1984-10-17 | Optical element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59217739A JPH0750808B2 (en) | 1984-10-17 | 1984-10-17 | Optical element |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6196787A JPS6196787A (en) | 1986-05-15 |
| JPH0750808B2 true JPH0750808B2 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
Family
ID=16708990
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59217739A Expired - Lifetime JPH0750808B2 (en) | 1984-10-17 | 1984-10-17 | Optical element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0750808B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10200209A (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 1998-07-31 | Nec Corp | Semiconductor optical amplifier |
| JP2001185808A (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2001-07-06 | Anritsu Corp | Variable wavelength light source |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4523316A (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1985-06-11 | Rca Corporation | Semiconductor laser with non-absorbing mirror facet |
-
1984
- 1984-10-17 JP JP59217739A patent/JPH0750808B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6196787A (en) | 1986-05-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |