JPH0752314B2 - Fixing device - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fixing device used in a recording device such as an electrophotographic device, an electrostatic recording device, and a printer, and more particularly to a recording material between a pair of rotating bodies that are in pressure contact with each other. The present invention relates to a fixing device for fixing an object to be fixed on a recording material by passing the sheet.

(Background Art) Conventionally, in an electrophotographic apparatus or the like, an object to be fixed on a recording material,
For example, as a fixing device for fixing a toner layer to a recording material, various fixing devices that employ fixing methods such as heat fixing, solvent fixing, and pressure fixing have been devised. Of these, the fixing method that is generally widely used is a heat fixing method, and as a fixing device that employs this, for example, a chamber fixing device, a heating roller fixing device, a flash fixing device, and the like are known. However, in the chamber fixing device, a recording material having a toner image is heated in a non-contact manner using a red-heated sheath heater to melt the toner made of resin to fix the toner on the recording material, which requires a large amount of energy. There is a drawback that the recording material is ignited by heating when the recording material is jammed. In addition, in the flash fixing device, a large capacitor is required for instantaneously applying a high voltage to the flash lamp to cause it to emit light, which leads to an increase in size of the device and also requires a time for charging the capacitor, resulting in higher speed. It had the drawback of being difficult. For this reason, a fixing device in an existing electrophotographic apparatus or the like has a heat source inside and a fixing roller that directly contacts a recording material carrying a toner image to fix the toner image on the recording material. A heating roller fixing device having a pressure roller in pressure contact with the fixing roller is the mainstream. However, in this heating roller fixing device, a fixing roller in which the surface of a cylinder made of steel or aluminum is coated with Teflon (trademark) or the like is used from the inside with a halogen lamp heater or the like at about 150 to 200 ° C.
Since the toner image is fixed by passing the recording material between the heated fixing roller and the pressure roller that is in pressure contact with the fixing roller, the efficiency of energy used for fixing is low. Has become. In other words, the heat efficiency of the halogen lamp heater, which is a heat source, is as low as about 80 to 85% of the infrared radiation that can be taken out as heat. Furthermore, since this heat is transferred to the steel or aluminum cylinder, the heat escapes from the cylinder end. Occurs.
For this reason, it has been considered to apply heat insulating means to the roller end portion. Sufficient thermal insulation leads to equipment complexity and cost. Therefore, the heat that can actually be used for fixing is less than 70% of the whole, and the energy efficiency is low. Further, in the above heating roller fixing device, the temperature of the halogen lamp heater itself needs to be extremely high (about 2000 ° C) in order to obtain the temperature (about 150 to 200 ° C) required by the fixing roller. When the control circuit or the like fails, the halogen lamp heater is abnormally heated and the temperature around the fixing device is abnormally increased, and finally, the entire device is seriously affected.

(Object of the Invention) The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional example, and an object of the present invention is to provide a novel fixing device that has a low loss of heat energy, high efficiency, and high safety.

(Summary of the Invention) That is, according to the present invention, in a fixing device for fixing an object to be fixed on a recording material by passing the recording material between a pair of rotating bodies that are in pressure contact with each other, at least one of the rotating bodies. The rotating body has a heat source inside and a wavelength 2 from the surface to the outside.
A radiating member for radiating far infrared rays of μm or more is provided, and a reflecting member for reflecting the far infrared ray radiated from the radiating member to the recording material side is provided in the vicinity of the outer side of the rotating body. Is.

(Example) Hereinafter, the Example of this invention is described based on drawing. Second
The figure shows an electrophotographic copying apparatus to which the fixing device of the present invention is applied. When a copy button (not shown) is pressed, the photosensitive drum 1 starts rotating in the direction of the arrow, and the document table 2 on which the document to be copied is placed moves to the home position. The photoconductor drum 1 is uniformly charged by the charger 3 as it rotates. On the other hand, the document table 2 starts moving from the home position as the photosensitive drum 1 rotates. A document on the platen 2 is illuminated by a document illumination lamp 4 and a lens system 5
The document optical image is sequentially exposed to the uniformly charged photoconductor drum 1 at the exposure position 6 via. As a result, a charged latent image is formed on the photosensitive drum 1. Then, the charged latent image is developed into a toner image by the developing device 7, and the toner image is transferred onto the transfer paper P as a recording material which is fed by the paper feed roller 8 and the registration roller 9 in synchronization with the leading edge of the toner image. The image is transferred by the transfer charger 10. The transfer paper P on which the toner image has been transferred is further conveyed by the conveying rollers 11 and 12 and reaches the fixing device F of the present invention. The transfer paper P is nipped and conveyed by a pair of rotating members, which are a heat roller 13 that emits far infrared rays and a pressure roller 14 that presses against the heat roller 13. At this time, the far infrared rays emitted from the heat roller 13 are reflected by the reflection plate 18, and the far infrared rays are applied to the transfer paper P immediately before being nipped and conveyed between the heat roller 13 and the pressure roller 14. The irradiation of the far infrared rays causes the temperature of the toner on the transfer paper P to rise, or the toner partially melts. After that, the transfer paper P is guided to the pressure contact portion between the heat roller 13 and the pressure roller 14, and the toner image is fixed on the transfer paper P. Then, after fixing, the transfer paper P is discharged onto the tray 16 by the discharge roller 15, and a copied image is obtained. The residual toner on the photosensitive drum 1 to which the toner image has been transferred is removed by the cleaner 17, and the photosensitive drum 1 is prepared for the next image formation.

Next, the fixing device F of the present invention described above will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1A, 1B and 3A, 3B.

1A and 1B are heat rollers 13 that radiate far infrared rays.
Is shown. The heat roller 13 is a petalite [(Li
₂ O ・ Na ₂ O) ・ Al ₂ O ₃・ 8SiO ₂ ] and clay mixture is kneaded into a clay shape and extruded into a cylindrical shape, then terracked at 800 ° C., petalite 75%, lithium carbonate 8.4 %, Limestone
A roller main body 131, which has been coated with a glaze consisting of 7.0%, zinc oxide 2.8%, and aluminum hydroxide 6.8% and baked, and inside this roller main body 131, a highly heat-resistant support such as a quartz tube is coated with a nichrome wire or the like. It has a heat generating source 132 composed of a spirally wound resistance wire or a resistance wire coated with heat resistant ceramic and wound up on a cylinder and fired.The roller end is made of ceramic or the like. It is covered with a heat insulating member 133. The heat roller body 131 is rotatably supported by the frame of the fixing device F via a ball bearing bearing or the like (not shown), and the heat source 132 is the heat source 132.
It is fixed to the frame body of the fixing device F via a heat insulating insulator 134 so as to be located on the central axis within 31. Reference numeral 135 is a lead wire for supplying electric power to the heat generating source 132.

When the heat source 132 provided inside the heat roller body 131 is energized when the main switch (not shown) of the copying apparatus is turned on, the heat source 132 quickly rises in temperature and radiates far infrared rays. The emitted far infrared rays are absorbed from the inner wall surface of the roller body 131, and heat the roller body 131. Then, the heated roller body 131 radiates far infrared rays having a wavelength of 2 μm or more from the roller surface. The toner is melted by heat conduction from the far infrared roller body 131.

As for the heat roller 13, in order to prevent the toner when melted from being offset on the surface of the roller, a resin having a high releasability such as Teflon is formed as a surface layer in a thickness of about 5 to 20 μm. You may use. Also, heat roller
The roller base 131 of 13 may be made of ceramic as described above, or may be made by applying a far-infrared emitting substance such as the above-mentioned medicine to the surface of a thin metal roller whose inner surface is treated with black, and then firing. However, when the heat roller itself is made of a heat insulating ceramic, even if a bearing such as a metal member is used so as to be in direct contact with the roller end, heat is prevented from escaping from the roller end to the outside. Therefore, the energy loss can be reduced as compared with the case of using a thin metal roller.

Further, as a constituent material of the heat roller, a ceramic obtained by adding a metal or a metal oxide to a cordierite (porcelain having a composition of MgO—SiO ₂ —Al ₂ O ₃ ) composition and sintering it, manganese dioxide 40 to 80 % By weight, cobalt oxide 10 to 20% by weight,
Roller body made of a sintered product of a mixture of 20 to 40% by weight of iron oxide and 10 to 20% of copper oxide, and a ZrO ₂ ceramic in which a rare earth element component such as Y ₂ O ₃ , La ₂ O ₃ and CeO ₂ is dissolved. Or use it as itself
Alternatively, the above material may be formed on the surface of a metal roller.

Here, in order to heat the heat roller body efficiently and to radiate far infrared rays efficiently, it is necessary to heat the resistance wire such as the nichrome wire without making it red heat, specifically, about 700 to 800
It is preferable to keep the temperature at ℃. This is because when the resistance wire is red-heated, it is not converted into heat energy with a wavelength of 1 μm or less, which not only reduces the efficiency of generating jule heat with respect to the input power, but also deteriorates the heat absorption efficiency of the ceramic heat roller. Because I will do it. The heat conversion efficiency was 90% or more when a resistance wire that did not glow red was used.

FIG. 3A shows the relationship between the wavelength of far infrared rays emitted from the heat source 132 and the emissivity (ratio between the intensity of heat radiation of the heating element and the intensity of heat radiation of a black body at the same temperature). is there. (still,
This is when the temperature of the heat source 132 is about 500 ° C. ) As shown in the figure, the heat source 132 has an emissivity that rises sharply from the wavelength of about 2 μm, the emissivity exceeds 0.7 at the maximum maximum point P, and the heat conversion rate is 80% or more. Further, it shows a radiation characteristic such that the emissivity approaches 1 when the wavelength becomes 5 μm or more.

Therefore, considering that the light absorption characteristic of the resin is generally in the long wavelength region of about 5 μm or more, it is particularly effective when fixing the resin as a main component, for example, a toner. .

Further, FIG. 3B shows the relationship between the wavelength of far infrared rays radiated from the heat source 132 and the relative radiation intensity. Here, the relative radiant intensity is 100 radiant intensity of a heat ray having a wavelength showing the maximum absolute radiant intensity in the entire wavelength range of the heat source emitted from the heat source 132.
%, Other wavelengths are converted. In the example E of the present invention, the temperature of the heat source 132 is 500 ° C. As can be seen from the figure, the maximum relative radiant intensity is 1 for the halogen heater H (about 2000 ° C) where the heat source temperature is high
It is in the vicinity of μm, energy is used as visible light, and the decrease in thermal efficiency is shown. Even in a black body, which is an ideal heat source, this tendency is such that as the temperature becomes higher along the displacement side of the Vienna, the maximum maximum value of the radiation temperature shifts to the visible side and the thermal efficiency decreases. That is, it is very effective in terms of thermal efficiency to have the maximum maximum value P of the relative radiant intensity in the wavelength range of 2 μm or more as in this Example E. The displacement side of the Vienna is indicated by λmT = b, T is the absolute temperature, λm is the wavelength at which the radiation intensity is maximum, and b is a constant.

A state in which the heat roller 13 as described above is incorporated in the fixing device is shown in FIG. A pressure roller 14 is pressed against the heat roller 13 by a pressure means (not shown). This pressure roller
14 is an aluminum cylinder coated with RTV silicone rubber. The surface temperature of the heat roller 13 is detected by the temperature sensor 17, and the current supplied to the heat source 132 provided inside the heat roller 13 is controlled by a temperature control circuit (not shown) based on the detection result. . As a result, the roller itself is maintained at the predetermined temperature. Further, since the heat roller 13 radiates about 60% of heat energy as far infrared rays, a reflecting plate 18 is provided so as to cover the heat roller 13 as shown in order to reflect the far infrared rays. The inner surface of the reflecting plate 18 facing the roller is mirror-finished. The reflection plate 18 has an opening 18a on the entrance side A of the transfer paper P. In this way, since the reflection plate 18 is provided with the opening 18a, the toner on the transfer paper P is reflected by the reflection plate 18 before the transfer paper P enters the pressure contact portion of the roller pair. Is heated to some extent in advance. Therefore, the fixability of the toner image can be further improved.

In FIG. 4, 19 is an entrance guide for guiding the transfer paper to the pressure contact portion of the roller pair, 20 is a discharge guide for guiding the transfer paper after fixing, and 21 is the winding of the transfer paper around the heat roller 13. The peeling claw 22 is a heat insulating member provided outside the reflection plate 18. Further, as the material of the reflection plate 18, in addition to a metal such as aluminum, a material obtained by vapor-depositing a metal such as gold, silver, platinum or aluminum on glass can be used. Furthermore, the entrance guide 19 is preferably made of a heat resistant resin or the like that absorbs far infrared rays reflected by the reflection plate 18. This is because when the inlet guide is heated, the transfer paper conveyed along the inlet guide is heated from the back surface, and the fixing efficiency is increased.

FIGS. 5, 6, and 7 show other embodiments of the reflector. In FIG. 5, the shape of the reflection plate is part of an ellipse, and the heat roller 13 and the reflection plate 23 are arranged so that the center of the roller is located at the focal point F ₁ of the ellipse. By arranging in this way, the far infrared rays reflected from the heat roller 13 and reflected by the reflection plate 23 are gathered at the focal point F ₂ , so that the toner image on the transfer paper P before entering the pressure contact portion of the roller pair. Preheated to some extent. Therefore, the fixability of the toner image is improved.

Further, FIG. 6 shows the shape of the reflection plate 24 in a parabolic shape, and the reflection plate 24 is arranged so that the axial center of the heat roller 13 is located at the focal point of the parabola. This also
The same effect as in FIG. 5 can be obtained. Incidentally, in the state shown in FIG. 6, the reflection plate 24 may be slightly inclined toward the transfer paper discharge side.

Further, FIG. 7 shows an example of a reflection plate that more efficiently irradiates far infrared rays to the transfer paper immediately before being nipped and conveyed in the pressure contact portion of the roller pair, as compared with FIGS. 5 and 6. Is. That is, the reflection plate 25 of this embodiment has a shape that is a part of an ellipse as in FIG. 5, but in this embodiment, the central axis of the heat roller 13 is one of the elliptical focal points F. _The heat roller 13 is arranged so as to coincide with ₁ , and the elliptical shape is set so that the other focus F ₂ of the elliptical shape is located at a position closer to the entrance side of the transfer paper P than the central axis of the pressure roller 14. Then, the reflection plate 25 is provided. According to this, the irradiation amount of far infrared rays emitted from the heat roller 13 and reflected by the reflection plate 25 can be increased toward the transfer paper entrance side with respect to the roller pair rather than toward the transfer paper discharge side.

In FIGS. 5, 6, and 7, T is an unfixed toner image on the transfer paper P.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, one of the pair of rotating bodies is constituted by the radiating member that has a heat source inside and radiates far infrared rays having a wavelength of 2 μm or more from the surface. ,
About 90% or more of the input energy can be converted into heat, which improves the thermal efficiency. Further, in the present invention, the far infrared rays radiated from the radiating member are reflected by the reflecting member to irradiate the unfixed material on the recording material before fixing with the far infrared rays, so that the fixing efficiency can be improved. became. Furthermore, since the temperatures of both the rotating body and the heat source are maintained at 180 ° C. to 300 ° C., the recording material does not burn when jammed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a heat roller showing an embodiment of the fixing device of the present invention, FIG. 1B is a sectional view showing the inside of the heat roller, and FIG. 2 is an outline of an electrophotographic copying apparatus to which the fixing device of the present invention is applicable. Sectional view, FIG. 3A is a graph showing the relationship between the wavelength and the emissivity of the far infrared rays emitted from the heat source provided inside the heat roller, and FIG. 3B is a graph showing the relationship between the relative radiant intensity of the heat source and the wavelength. FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of the fixing device of the present invention, and FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are explanatory views showing other embodiments of the reflection plate. 13 …… Heat roller 14 …… Pressure roller 17 …… Temperature sensor 18,23,24,25 …… Reflector 131 …… Heat roller body 132 …… Heat source 133 …… Insulation member 134 …… Insulation insulator 135… … Lead wire F… Fixing device

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── --- Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Yoshihiko Hirose 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. (56) References JP-A-58-40571 (JP, A) JP-A-58 -166372 (JP, A) JP 50-110339 (JP, A) JP 59-224883 (JP, A) JP 59-65867 (JP, A)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A fixing device for fixing an object to be fixed on a recording material by passing a recording material between a pair of rotating bodies that are in pressure contact with each other, wherein at least one of the rotating bodies has a heat source inside. A radiation member that radiates far infrared rays having a wavelength of 2 μm or more from the surface is provided on the outside thereof, and a reflection member that reflects far infrared rays radiated from the radiation member to the recording material side is provided near the outside of the rotating body. A fixing device characterized by being installed.