JPH0756397B2 - House - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention minimizes heat input and output from inside and outside a house, efficiently performs heating and cooling, improves durability, and also improves habitability. It concerns a house.

[Conventional technology]

In a conventional house, the habitability has been improved by disposing a heat insulating material on the wall and the like and making it highly airtight.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

However, in such a house, moisture generated from main pillars, studs, etc., and moisture generated from residents and heaters in the living space condense in the attic space and inside the wall,
There was a disadvantage that impaired the durability of the house. Moreover, especially in winter, the heat generated in the living space accumulates in the attic space through the ceiling, which causes a temperature difference in the living space.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

In view of such a point, the present invention forms a heat insulating layer on the outer wall and the roof, and performs ventilation between the air inside the house and the outside air through a heat exchanger without deteriorating the thermal efficiency, thereby forming the dew condensation. In order to prevent the temperature difference in the living space by eliminating the temperature difference in the living space, the soil in the underfloor space is heated by the soil heating structure and the air in the attic space is forced into the underfloor space. It proposes a house with a sex structure.

〔Example〕

A house according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical embodiment of the house A, where 1 is a back space, 2 is a living space, 3 is an underfloor space, and the house A is divided by a ceiling 16 and a floor 18, respectively. Is the internal space of. Reference numeral 4 is a roof heat insulating layer, and 5 is an outer wall heat insulating layer, which at least blocks heat from entering and exiting the interior of the house A, and secondarily also has soundproofness, airtightness, and fireproofness. To explain further, the roof insulation layer 4,
The outer wall heat insulating layer 5 is a board-shaped, mat-shaped, or sheet-shaped member, or a roof member, an outer wall member, or the like. Examples of the former are polystyrene boats,
Polyurethane board, polyisocyanurate foam board, sheathing board, sheathing insulation board, wood chip cement board, wood wool cement board, glass wool mat, etc., or composite board of these, etc., metal roofing material, roof tile, etc. By arranging the roof, metal panel, tile, ceramic panel, ALC
The outer wall is formed by arranging plates, mortar and the like. As an example of the latter, a panel in which a surface material, a heat insulating core material and optionally a back surface material are integrally formed, ALC
An exterior panel, a wood chip cement panel, a wood wool cement panel, etc. are provided on the main pillars, studs, and other frames to form the outer wall heat insulating layer 5 and the roof heat insulating layer 4. A heat exchanger 6 is arranged in the attic space 1 or in the underfloor space 3 (not shown) to exchange heat between the air inside the house A and fresh outside air to suck and exhaust air. More specifically, in the heat exchanger 6, for example, as shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, the inside air passes through the pipe 6a and the outside air passes through the pipe 6a.
The space 6b around is passed through, and its diameter and length are appropriately set according to the purpose. The intake of the outside air and the exhaust of the inside air performed by the heat exchanger 6 are performed by directly connecting the heat exchanger 6 to the wife ventilation port or the underfloor ventilation port. The heat exchanger 6 is the attic space 1,
Although it can be arranged in either of the underfloor space 3, it is preferable to arrange so that fresh outside air is discharged to the attic space 1 and internal air in the attic space 1 is discharged to the outside. . This is because the moisture in the house A easily accumulates in the back space 1, and the generation of dew condensation is prevented by releasing this moisture to the outside. A duct 8 connects the attic space 1 and the underfloor space 3 with a fan 7 interposed at least at one place. This duct 8 forcibly sends the warm air in the attic space 1 and fresh outside air taken in by the heat exchanger 6 to the underfloor space 3 by the fan 7, and the humidity in the attic space 1 and the underfloor space 3 is increased. By eliminating the difference, the temperature difference in the living space 2 is eliminated and the habitability is improved.
An air intake duct 9 is connected to the tip of the attic space 1 side of the duct 8 to collect air in the attic space 1.
It is provided as needed. This intake duct 9
For example, as shown in FIG. 3, one or a plurality of slits 9a are provided on the outer circumference, and a plurality of slits 9a are provided so that air is taken in through the slits 9a. Also, 10
Is a dispersing duct provided at the tip of the underfloor space 3 side of the duct 8 as needed, and uniformly distributes the air sent from the attic space 1 through the duct 8 into the underfloor space 3, This is effective in achieving uniform temperature. As for the shape, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, a pipe made of metal or plastic is formed into an antenna shape, and each has a slit 10a of a square shape, an oval shape, a circular shape, or the like.
Or a material having voids composed of a continuous structure, for example, glass fiber, plastic fiber, mineral fiber,
Fibrous materials such as metal fibers, polyurethane foam with an open cell structure, synthetic resin foams such as polyurea foam, porous ceramics, etc. formed into a pipe shape such as a ring shape, square shape, triangular shape, polygonal shape, etc. These are arranged as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). The air discharged from the dispersion duct 10 is pressured by the fan 7, so that the living space 2, or the inner wall 17 and the outer heat insulating layer 5 are
It passes through the space 19 formed by the main pillars, studs, etc. to the attic space 1. An earth heating unit 11 heats the inside of the underfloor space 3, which includes a floor 18 and an inner wall 17.
It is for heating the living space 2 via. As shown in FIG. 6, the soil heating unit 11 is composed of a heat insulating layer 12, a concrete layer 13, and a hot water pipe 14. To further explain, the heat insulating layer 12 is, for example, a polystyrene foam, a polyurethane foam, a closed plastic foam structure made of a hard plastic foam such as phenol foam, and has a compressive strength of about ³⁰ to 100 kg / m ³ , or It is made of at least one kind of ALC board, wood chip cement board, wood wool cement board, etc., and has a thickness of about 10 to 100 mm. The heat insulating layer 12 is for preventing the heat from being released to the ground when hot water is passed through the hot water pipe 14 to heat the soil. The concrete layer 13 mainly functions as a heat storage layer, a heat dispersion layer, and a destruction prevention layer of the hot water pipe 14, and is divided into a reinforcing base concrete layer 13a and an earth concrete layer 13b for convenience. The reinforced base concrete layer 13a mainly functions as a foundation when the hot water pipe 14 is piped, and can be formed by using concrete or by using a PC plate.
The soil concrete layer 13b is the reinforced base concrete layer 1
The hot water pipe 14 is embedded on the 3a and functions as a heat storage layer, a hot water pipe reinforcing layer, a waterproof and moistureproof layer. The hot water pipe 14 is, for example, as shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b), and is a heat source.
It is preferable to cover from 15 to the entrance on the reinforcing base concrete layer 13a with the heat insulating material 14a.
The hot water pipe 14 is made of a copper pipe, a plastic pipe, or the like, and is for performing earth heating by passing an antifreeze liquid, a heat medium gas, or the like inside. Also, 20 is the basis.

Here, the flow of air in the house A will be briefly described.
First, in winter, the outside air taken in from the outside via the heat exchanger 6 is once discharged to the attic space 1 and mixed with the air in the existing attic space 1. The mixed air is carried by the fan 7 through the duct 8 to the underfloor space 3 through the intake duct 9. The air carried to the underfloor space 3 through the duct 8 is uniformly discharged into the underfloor space 3 by the dispersion duct 10. This air is heated by the soil heating unit 11 , rises through the living space 2 and the space 19 together with the pressure of the air supplied by the duct 8, and exits to the attic space 1. At this time, the living space 2 and the space 19 move to the attic space 1 along with the moisture, and are discharged to the outside through the heat exchanger 6. In the summer, the earth heating part 11 and the fan 7
It is basically necessary to stop the ventilation and ventilate the attic space 1 via the heat exchanger 6, but the fan 7 can be operated as necessary. In this way, since the intake and exhaust of air inside and outside the house A can be performed through the heat exchanger 6 without being interlocked with the operation of the fan 7, a required amount of ventilation that minimizes heat loss can be provided. It can be carried out.

The above description is merely one example of the house A according to the present invention, and the ventilation hole 21 (simple hole shape or with a forced fan) is provided at least at one position shown by a dotted line in FIG.
It is also possible to let air from the underfloor space 3 pass through the living space 2. Further, although not shown, the heat exchanger 6 may perform suction and exhaust through a fan. Further dispersion duct 10
When a material having a void composed of a continuous structure is used as the material, the material can be formed as schematically shown in FIGS. 8 (a) to 8 (h) using sectional views. That is, (a) is a dispersion duct 10, which is composed only of a main body 10b made of a material having voids of a communicating structure, (b), (c) is an inner surface of the main body 10b, or an outer surface, or both surfaces (not shown). The distribution duct 10 in which the shape retention is improved by coating the sheet with a breathable sheet 10c, (d) to (h) are obtained by coating the outer surface of the main body 10b with the sheet-like material 10d. Is slit 10e
(E) to (g) show the dispersion duct 10 in which the free end 10f is formed in a part of the sheet 10d,
(H) The figure shows the dispersion duct 10 in which a part of the main body 10b is exposed. In addition, the sheet-like material 10d in FIGS.
May be breathable or impermeable, but (d) ~
(G) When an air-impermeable material is used in the figure, the slit 10e and the free end 10f fulfill a valve function, and the dispersion duct 10
This is preferable because it allows one-way passage of only releasing the air inside. Although not shown, the concrete layer 13
It is also possible to lay sand, gravel, boulders, large stones, etc. around the upper dispersion pipe 10 and make them function as a heat storage material. Further, as shown by a chain double-dashed line in FIG. 6, a moisture-proof sheet
It is also possible to lay 22 and lay the heat insulating layer 12 on it. It is also possible to use a heat pump type heat source 15 and pass cold water or the like in the summer.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the house of the present invention, since the heat insulating layer is formed on the outer wall and the roof of the house, and the inside and outside air is taken in and out through the heat exchanger, the cooling can be efficiently performed. it can. To release the moisture in the house to the outside,
Prevents the formation of condensation and improves durability. During the winter season, the soil heating works to warm the living space from below and improve habitability. Since the air in the attic space is blown to the underfloor space through the duct and the fan, there is no temperature difference between the attic space and the underfloor space, which eliminates the temperature difference in the living space and improves habitability. Ventilation of air and the fan are not linked, so ventilation can be performed while minimizing heat loss. There are effects and features.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical embodiment of a house according to the present invention, FIGS. 2 (a) to (c) are explanatory views showing an example of a heat exchanger used in the house, and FIG. Explanatory drawing showing an example of an intake duct, FIG. 4, FIG. 5 (a), (b) is an explanatory view showing an example of a dispersion duct, and FIG. 6, FIG. 7 (a), (b) are soil heating FIGS. 8 (a) to 8 (h) are explanatory views for explaining parts, and are explanatory views showing other examples of the dispersion duct. A ... House, 1 ... Attic space, 3 ... Underfloor space, 4 ...
… Roof insulation layer, 5 …… Outer wall insulation layer, 6 …… Heat exchanger, 7
…… Fan, 8 …… Duct, 11 …… Soil heating section, 12 ……
Heat insulation layer, 13 …… Concrete layer, 14 …… Hot water pipe.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a house having at least an attic space, a living space, and an underfloor space, a heat insulating layer is formed on an outer wall and a roof, and a heat exchanger is arranged in the attic space or the underfloor space, and the hut is provided. The back space and the underfloor space are communicated via a duct with a fan, and the soil in the underfloor space is made of a hard plastic foam or the like, a concrete layer, and a hot water pipe embedded in the concrete layer. A house characterized by an earth heating structure that is laminated and integrally formed.