JPH0756398B2 - Air conditioners for closed spaces - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an air conditioner for controlling the temperature of air in a closed system space such as a lunar base or a space station.

(Technical background of the invention) Generally, in an air conditioner, in order to release the heat from a working heat medium that has absorbed heat when cooling the indoor air, a heat radiating heat exchanger is installed outdoors, and the heat radiating heat exchange is performed. The heat is released from the heat medium by cooling the container with the outside air. In this case, since a large amount of air for heat exchange is supplied by forcedly blowing a fan to the heat exchanger for heat radiation, the heat exchange air and the heat flowing in the heat exchanger for heat radiation are exchanged. Even if the temperature difference between the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger is not so large, heat can be sufficiently released from the heat medium.

On the other hand, if you want to release heat from the heat medium only by natural heat dissipation from the heat-dissipating heat exchanger without forced blowing by a fan, you need a heat exchanger with an extremely large heat-dissipating area. become.

In contrast, considering an air conditioner attached to a structure outside the atmosphere such as a lunar base or a space station, the heat radiation heat exchanger provided in the air conditioner should be placed in a vacuum without the atmosphere. Since it is unavoidable, the heat radiation must be done only by the heat radiation, and as a result, a large heat radiation heat exchanger is required. Furthermore, since the temperature on the moon changes drastically (-180 to + 150 ° C) between the period when the moon is exposed to sunlight and the period where it is not exposed to sunlight, it is used as a working heat medium for air conditioners. What is required for such a wide temperature range without being frozen (for example, helium gas) is required. However, unlike chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants, which change the phase between the liquid phase and the gas phase and cool the air by the latent heat transferred during the phase change, this helium gas cools the air by sensible heat. Therefore, in order to obtain the required cooling capacity, the amount of circulation becomes extremely large, and the pipes for that purpose must be thickened.

On the other hand, lunar bases and space stations are necessary, considering the huge cost of their transportation.
There is no room for upsizing of heat dissipation heat exchangers and heat medium piping of air conditioners.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention has been made under the technical background as described above, and makes an air conditioner for a closed space such as a lunar base or a space station as small as possible. It is intended to reduce the weight.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention provides, as means for achieving the above objects,
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the closed space air conditioner according to the invention of claim 1 includes a first endothermic heat exchanger 10 and a first endothermic heat exchanger 10.
The first heat medium R circulates between the first heat medium R and the heat radiation heat exchanger 15 of the first heat medium R in the first heat absorption heat exchanger 10.
While cooling the air A in the closed system space 2 by the first heat medium circulation system X which operates so as to radiate the first heat medium R in the first heat radiation heat exchanger 15, The second endothermic heat exchanger 21 that exchanges heat with the first radiant heat exchanger 15
And a second heat radiating heat exchanger 25 installed outside the closed system space 2 for radiating heat by heat radiation circulates and circulates a second heat medium H which maintains a gas state in the entire operating temperature range, Second
In the endothermic heat exchanger 21, the second heat medium H is used to cool the first heat medium R, while in the second heat radiating heat exchanger 25, the second heat medium H is operated to radiate heat. And a second heat medium circulation system Y for compressing the second heat medium H between the second heat absorbing heat exchanger 21 and the second heat radiating heat exchanger 25 so as to raise the temperature of the second heat medium H. Machine
23 is provided, and the invention according to claim 2 is the air conditioner for closed system according to claim 1, wherein the first heat medium R in the first heat medium circulation system X is It is characterized in that it can be naturally circulated without depending on a mechanical device. The invention according to claim 3 is the air conditioner for a closed system space according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second heat medium is used. Second in circulatory system Y
A turbine 27 for expanding the second heat medium H is provided between the heat radiation exchanger 25 and the second endothermic heat exchanger 21, and a motor 29 and a turbine for driving the compressor 23. Is connected to the motor 27, and the rotational force of the turbine 27 is
It is characterized in that it is adapted to be input to 29.

(Operation) Each of the inventions of the present application has the following operation due to its characteristic configuration.

(1) In the invention according to claim 1, first, the first endothermic heat exchanger 10 in the first heat medium circulation system X in which the first heat medium R (for example, CFC gas: R22, etc.) circulates is closed. Heat is exchanged with the air A in the system space 2,
The heat medium R absorbs heat from the air A. This endothermic first
The heat medium R of the first heat medium circulation member X is the heat radiation heat exchanger 15
To the endothermic heat exchanger in the second heat medium circulation system A
Heat is exchanged with the second heat medium H (eg, helium gas) in the form of gas flowing through 21. By this heat exchange, the first heat medium R radiates heat, while the second heat medium H absorbs heat.

The second heat medium H, which has been heated by heat absorption, is pressure-raised and raised by the compressor 23 to become a high-temperature fluid, and then sent to the second radiant heat exchanger 25 installed outside the closed system space 2. To be Then, the high temperature second heat medium H radiates heat in the second heat radiating heat exchanger 25 to radiate heat, and the temperature drops.

(2) In that case, in the invention of claim 2, the heat medium R in the first heat medium circulation system X is naturally circulated according to its own gravity or pressure without using a mechanical device (for example, a pump). To do.

(3) Further, in the invention according to claim 3, when the second heat medium H after passing through the second radiant heat exchanger 25 passes through the turbine 27, it is expanded and the pressure and temperature are lowered. The rotational force of the turbine 27 is used as a part of power for driving the compressor 23.

(Effects of the Invention) Each of the inventions of the present application has the following effects due to the above configuration and operation.

(1) According to each invention of the present application, the air A in the closed system space 2
The heat transferred from the first heat medium R to the second heat medium H via the first heat radiating heat exchanger 15 and the second heat absorbing heat exchanger 21 is further transferred to the second heat medium R. The heat medium H is heated to a high temperature by the compressor 23, and the second radiant heat exchanger 25
Since it is sent to the radiant heat exchanger 25, it radiates heat with high efficiency due to a large temperature difference, and as a result, even a relatively small-scale heat exchanger and piping can exhibit the necessary heat radiating ability, The air conditioner can be reduced in size and weight accordingly.

(2) Further, in each invention of the present application, as the second heat medium H, one that maintains a gas state (for example, helium gas or the like) throughout its entire operating temperature range (may reach −180 to + 150 ° C. on the moon surface) is used. Since it is used, even if the surroundings of the second heat radiating heat exchanger 25 are in an ultra-low temperature state of about -180 ° C, the second heat medium H does not freeze.

(3) Further, according to the second aspect of the present invention, a mechanical device such as a pump for circulating the first heat medium R is not required, and it is possible to contribute to the reduction in size and weight of the air conditioner.

(4) Further, according to the invention of claim 3, the temperature of the second heat medium H is lowered by the turbine 27 provided in the second heat medium circulation system Y, and the turbine 27 is also provided.
Since the output of can be effectively used as the driving force of the compressor 23,
The motor 29 can be miniaturized, and there is an effect that the efficiency of the entire air conditioner can be improved and the size and weight of the air conditioner can be reduced.

(Example) FIG. 1 shows a building 1 serving as a residential wing at a lunar base. A machine room 9 for accommodating an air conditioner for cooling an indoor space (corresponding to a closed system space in the claims) 2 is provided in the building 1.

The air conditioner in this embodiment is configured as follows by applying each invention of the present application.

That is, the air conditioner of the illustrated embodiment includes a first heat medium circulation system X that uses a first heat medium R such as a CFC gas (for example, R22) that undergoes a phase change between a gas phase and a liquid phase as an operating heat medium, and It is configured by a combination with a second heat medium circulation system Y which uses a second heat medium H such as helium gas which is used only in a vapor phase state throughout the operating temperature region as an operating heat medium.

The first heat medium circulation system X absorbs heat from the air A in the indoor space 2 and cools the first heat absorption heat exchanger 10,
A first heat radiating heat exchanger 15 having a function of radiating the heat of the indoor air A absorbed by the first heat absorbing heat exchanger 10 toward a second heat medium circulating in the second heat medium circulating system Y. And
Moreover, a receiver 12 is interposed between the two heat exchangers 10 and 15. A fan 40 for circulating the indoor air A is urged to the first endothermic heat exchanger 10 of the first heat medium circulation system X.

A ventilation duct 4 is provided above the ceiling panel 3 in the residential building 1, and the fan 40 is connected to the ventilation duct 4 by a duct 41. The required number of air outlets 5, 5, ... Are formed in the ceiling panel 3.

On the other hand, the second heat medium circulation system Y exchanges heat with the first heat radiation heat exchanger 15 to absorb heat from the first heat medium R, and the second heat medium heat exchanger 21. H has a second heat radiating heat exchanger 25 that radiates and radiates heat absorbed by the first heat medium R to outer space, and also has a second heat absorbing heat exchanger 21 and a second heat radiating heat exchanger. A compressor 23 for increasing the temperature of the second heat medium H is provided in the pipe lines 22, 24 on one side connecting 25, and the other side connecting the heat exchangers 21, 25 on the other side. A turbine 27 is provided in the pipelines 26, 28 for expanding the second heat medium H to reduce the pressure and temperature thereof and to obtain a rotational force by the expansion action of the heat medium H. . The compressor 23 is driven by a motor 29, and a turbine 27 is coupled to the motor 29 so that the rotational force obtained by the turbine 27 can be used for driving the compressor 23. There is. The second radiation heat exchanger 25 is installed outside the building 1.

Next, the operation of the air conditioner of the illustrated embodiment will be described. In this air conditioner, the operation of the fan 40 causes the indoor air A (temperature Ta
₍₁ = 30 to 35 ° C.) passes through the first endothermic heat exchanger 10, the indoor air A is cooled by exchanging heat with the first heat medium R flowing through the first endothermic heat exchanger 10. (Temperature Ta ₂ = 15 to 20
℃), further duct 41 and duct 4 behind the ceiling panel 3
And is blown out to the indoor space 2 from the air outlet 5.

For the first endothermic heat exchanger 10, the receiver 12 to the conduit 11
The first liquid heat medium R (R ₁ ) is supplied by gravity therethrough. This first heat medium R (R ₁ ) is evaporated by heat exchange (heat absorption) with the room air A, becomes gaseous (R ₂ ) and returns to the receiver 12 through the pipe 13 (temperature Tr). ₂
= 10-12 ° C). The gaseous heat medium R (R ₃ ) in the receiver 12 is sent to the first radiant heat exchanger 15 through the pipe 14, and the second heat flowing in the second air heat exchanger 21 is there. Medium H
(H ₁ ) exchanges heat (radiates heat) to cool and condense
Return to receiver 12 through 16. The flow of the first heat medium R from the receiver 12 to the first radiant heat exchanger 15 is performed by the depressurizing suction action when the first heat medium R is condensed,
The reflux of the condensed heat medium from the first heat radiation heat exchanger 15 to the receiver 12 is due to the gravity of the heat medium R (R ₄ ). As is clear from the above, the first heat medium R in the first heat medium circulation system X
The circulation of all is done by natural circulation without using mechanical forcing such as a pump.

Next, the circulation flow of the second heat medium H in the second heat medium circulation system Y will be described. This second heat medium (helium gas) H is the first heat medium in the second endothermic heat exchanger 21. Temporarily raises temperature by exchanging heat (absorbing heat) with R (temperature Ta ₁ = 2)
Temperature (up to 7 ° C.), and then reaches the compressor 23 via the pipe 22 as shown by the arrow H ₁ to increase the pressure by the compressor 23 (pressure Ph ₂ = 55-60ata, temperature Ta ₂ = 150- 180 ° C). The second heat medium H (H ₂ ) that has been raised in pressure and temperature in this way
Radiates heat to the vacuum in the second heat radiating heat exchanger 25, and the temperature drops (temperature Th ₃ = 120 to 150 ° C.). The second heat medium H thus radiated in this way is subsequently sent to the turbine 27 via the pipe line 26 as shown by an arrow H ₃ .
Therefore, the pressure Ph ₄ = 21 to 23a due to the rapid expansion.
ta, is caused to vacuum and temperature drop to a temperature Th ₄ = -15~5 about ° C.. The energy change generated in the second heat medium H at the time of this expansion is converted into the rotational force of the turbine 27, and the rotational force is input to the motor 29. In this way, -15 to 5
Second heat medium H (H ₄ ) whose temperature has been lowered to about ℃
The first heat medium R is cooled by the above.

Incidentally, the helium gas used as the second heat medium in this embodiment is the outlet of the turbine 27 (pressure Ph ₄ = 21 to 2).
Condensation does not occur even at 3ata and temperature Th ₄ = −15 to 5 ° C.).

As described above, the air conditioner of the illustrated embodiment configured by applying the present invention heat-exchanges between the first heat medium R and the second heat medium H, and then uses the compressor 23. Since the second heat medium H is heated to be radiated and radiated by the second heat medium H in a high temperature state, the second heat medium H having a relatively small capacity and its piping and comparison are compared. The heat exchanger (second heat radiating heat exchanger) 25 having a small heat exchange (heat radiating) area can also exhibit the required heat exchange capacity.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a closed space air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 …… Building 2 …… Indoor space 3 …… Ceiling panel 4 …… Duct 9 …… Machine room 10 …… First heat absorption heat exchanger 12 …… Receiver 15 …… First heat radiation heat exchanger 21 …… 2nd endothermic heat exchanger 23 …… compressor 25 …… second radiant heat exchanger 27 …… turbine 40 …… fan 41 …… duct

Continued Front Page (72) Masanobu Kawazoe 1304 Kanaoka-machi, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture Daikin Industries, Ltd.Kanaoka Factory, Sakai Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (72) Tadashi Ogura 1304, Kanaoka-machi, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture Daikin Industries, Inc. Inside the factory (72) Inventor Ryuzaburo Yajima 1304 Kanaoka-cho, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture Daikin Industries, Ltd. Kanaoka Factory, Sakai Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-63-25461 (JP, A)

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A first heat transfer medium (R) circulates between a first endothermic heat exchanger (10) and a first radiant heat exchanger (15), and the first endothermic heat exchange is performed. In the vessel (10), the air (A) in the closed system space (2) is cooled by the first heat medium (R), while in the first radiant heat exchanger (15),
First heat medium circulation system (X) which operates so as to release the heat medium (R) to radiate heat, and a second endothermic heat exchanger (21) which exchanges heat with the first heat radiating heat exchanger (15). A second heat medium (H) for maintaining a gas state in the entire operating temperature region between the heat radiation heat exchanger (25) installed outside the closed system space (2) and radiating heat by heat radiation. Circulates and circulates to cool the first heat medium (R) by the second heat medium (H) in the second heat absorption heat exchanger (21), while the second heat radiation heat exchanger ( 25) is provided with a second heat medium circulation system (Y) that operates so as to radiate heat by using the second heat medium (H), and the second heat absorbing heat exchanger (21) and the second heat radiating heat are provided. A closed system space characterized in that a compressor (23) for increasing the pressure and temperature of the second heat medium (H) is provided between the compressor and the exchanger (25). Air conditioner. 2. The closure according to claim 1, characterized in that the first heat medium (R) in the first heat medium circulation system (X) is adapted to be naturally circulated regardless of a mechanical device. Air conditioner for system space. 3. A second heat medium (H) between the second heat radiating heat exchanger (25) and the second endothermic heat exchanger (21) in the second heat medium circulating system (Y). Is provided with a turbine (27) for expanding the engine, and a motor (29) for driving the compressor (23) and the turbine (27) are connected to each other, and the rotational force of the turbine (27) is The air conditioner for a closed system space according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the air conditioner is input to a motor (29).