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JPH0758624B2 - Fuel cell power system - Google Patents
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JPH0758624B2 - Fuel cell power system - Google Patents

Fuel cell power system

Info

Publication number
JPH0758624B2
JPH0758624B2 JP1237513A JP23751389A JPH0758624B2 JP H0758624 B2 JPH0758624 B2 JP H0758624B2 JP 1237513 A JP1237513 A JP 1237513A JP 23751389 A JP23751389 A JP 23751389A JP H0758624 B2 JPH0758624 B2 JP H0758624B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
hydrogen storage
storage device
battery
fuel cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP1237513A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH03101064A (en
Inventor
勝 堤
束 伊藤
収 田島
陽 濱田
豊 土井
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP1237513A priority Critical patent/JPH0758624B2/en
Publication of JPH03101064A publication Critical patent/JPH03101064A/en
Publication of JPH0758624B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0758624B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/065Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (イ)産業上の利用分野 本発明は小型可般式燃料電池システムに関するものであ
る。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a small portable fuel cell system.

(ロ)従来の技術 燃料電池を移動用電源とするためには、燃料ガス生成装
置を付設する必要があり、一般に貯液槽内のメタノール
と水の混合液を改質器で気化、改質して得られる水素リ
ッチガスを燃料ガスとする方式が採用される。しかしこ
の方式はスチーム改質反応が吸熱反応であり、改質触媒
の動作温度200〜300℃を維持するにはバーナー部の温度
を通常600〜700℃に設定する必要がある。このような改
質器を使用する場合、断熱構造への配慮や反応安定性を
確保する観点から、貯液槽を加えて改質器の容積・重量
が大きくなり、コンパクトな電源とすることが困難であ
る。更に改質ガス中にはH2以外にアノード触媒を被毒す
るCOを含んでいるため低温からの負荷昇温ができないと
いう問題があった。
(B) Conventional technology In order to use a fuel cell as a mobile power source, it is necessary to attach a fuel gas generator. Generally, a mixture of methanol and water in a liquid storage tank is vaporized and reformed by a reformer. A method in which the hydrogen-rich gas obtained in this way is used as the fuel gas is adopted. However, in this system, the steam reforming reaction is an endothermic reaction, and in order to maintain the operating temperature of the reforming catalyst of 200 to 300 ° C, it is necessary to set the temperature of the burner part to 600 to 700 ° C normally. When such a reformer is used, from the viewpoint of considering the heat insulation structure and ensuring reaction stability, the volume and weight of the reformer will be increased by adding a liquid storage tank, and a compact power supply can be obtained. Have difficulty. Furthermore, since the reformed gas contains CO that poisons the anode catalyst in addition to H 2 , there is a problem that the load cannot be heated from a low temperature.

一方水素吸蔵合金に吸蔵した水素を用いる水素−空気燃
料電池が特開昭58−121566号公報に開示されている。こ
れは水素吸蔵合金を夫々内蔵した二重管からなる容器の
一方(又は他方)にボンベなどの水素源から水素を吸蔵
させる時に発生する熱で他方(又は一方)の水素吸蔵合
金から解離する水素を電池に供給するもので、吸蔵合金
から水素を解離するには常に外部の水素源を必要とし、
可搬式電源としては容積・重量的に不利である。
On the other hand, a hydrogen-air fuel cell using hydrogen stored in a hydrogen storage alloy is disclosed in JP-A-58-121566. This is the hydrogen that is dissociated from the other (or one) hydrogen storage alloy by the heat generated when storing hydrogen from a hydrogen source such as a cylinder in one (or the other) of the double-tube containers that contain the hydrogen storage alloy. Is supplied to the battery, and an external hydrogen source is always required to dissociate hydrogen from the storage alloy,
It is disadvantageous in terms of volume and weight as a portable power source.

(ハ)発明が解決しようとする課題 本発明は燃料発生源としてメタノール改質器に代え、水
素吸蔵合金を充填した水素貯蔵装置を用いることにより
前記問題点を解消すると共に水素吸蔵合金からの水素解
離熱源として各種廃熱を有効に利用し、コンパクトで熱
的に安定な水素−空気燃料電池電源システムを提供する
ものである。
(C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention solves the above problems by using a hydrogen storage device filled with a hydrogen storage alloy instead of a methanol reformer as a fuel generation source, and at the same time, hydrogen from the hydrogen storage alloy is solved. It is intended to provide a compact and thermally stable hydrogen-air fuel cell power supply system by effectively utilizing various waste heats as a dissociation heat source.

(ニ)課題を解決するための手段 本発明の電源システムは、水素吸蔵合金から解離した水
素と空気の反応により起電する燃料電池と、前記水素吸
蔵合金を夫々充填した第1及び第2の水素貯蔵装置と、
起動用蓄電池とを備え、前記第1水素貯蔵装置は、水素
解離用熱源として前記蓄電池を電源とするヒーター熱を
用い、前記第2水素貯蔵装置は、第1段階で電池から排
出された未反応水素と未反応空気の燃焼廃熱を、第2段
階で電池冷却系の廃熱を夫々水素解離用熱源として用い
るものである。
(D) Means for Solving the Problems The power supply system of the present invention includes a fuel cell that generates electromotive force by a reaction of hydrogen and air dissociated from a hydrogen storage alloy, and first and second fuel cells filled with the hydrogen storage alloy. A hydrogen storage device,
A first storage battery for starting, wherein the first hydrogen storage device uses heater heat from the storage battery as a power source for hydrogen dissociation, and the second hydrogen storage device has unreacted gas discharged from the battery in the first stage. The waste heat of combustion of hydrogen and unreacted air is used as the heat source for hydrogen dissociation in the second stage, respectively.

(ホ)作用 本発明では起動時蓄電池のヒーター熱で第1水素貯蔵装
置から解離した水素を用いて電池反応熱による昇温を開
始し、その後未反応ガスの燃焼廃熱で、ついで電池冷却
系の廃熱で夫々第2水素貯蔵装置から解離した水素を用
いて負荷昇温の継続及び負荷運転を行う。又負荷運転時
未反応水素を冷却して第1水素貯蔵装置に再吸蔵させ
る。
(E) Action In the present invention, the temperature of the battery is heated by the heat of the heater of the start-up storage battery to dissociate hydrogen from the first hydrogen storage device, and then the temperature is raised by the heat of combustion of the unreacted gas. Using the hydrogen dissociated from the second hydrogen storage device by the waste heat of 1, the load heating is continued and the load operation is performed. Further, during load operation, unreacted hydrogen is cooled and stored again in the first hydrogen storage device.

(ヘ)実施例 本発明の実施例をシステムフロー図について説明する。(F) Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to a system flow diagram.

燃料電池(FC)は作用面積400cm2の単セルを21セル積層
し3セル毎に冷却板(CL)を介在させ、この積層セルを
上下端板(PL)間で締付けて構成された出力500W程度の
ものである。図では簡単化のためアノード(N)、カソ
ード(P)、電解質マトリックス(E)を備える単セル
に冷却板(CL)及び端板(PL)を付設した模式図として
示されている。
The fuel cell (FC) is composed of 21 unit cells each having an operating area of 400 cm 2 stacked, a cooling plate (CL) interposed every 3 cells, and the stacked cells are clamped between upper and lower end plates (PL) to provide an output of 500 W. It is of a degree. In the figure, for simplification, it is shown as a schematic diagram in which a cooling plate (CL) and an end plate (PL) are attached to a single cell provided with an anode (N), a cathode (P), and an electrolyte matrix (E).

本システムの燃料ガスとしてメタノール改質ガスの代り
に水素吸蔵合金から解離した水素を用いる。
As the fuel gas of this system, hydrogen dissociated from the hydrogen storage alloy is used instead of the methanol reformed gas.

水素吸蔵合金が夫々充填された第1水素貯蔵装置(H1
と第2水素貯蔵装置(H2)を備え、第1水素貯蔵装置
(H1)は小容量で電気ヒーター(R1)が埋設され、第2
水素貯蔵装置は大容量で第1及び第2の熱交換器(E1
及び(E2)が埋設されている。起動用蓄電池(Bt)は負
荷(L)に並列に電池(FC)の出力に接続されている。
First hydrogen storage device (H 1 ) filled with hydrogen storage alloys
And a second hydrogen storage device (H 2 ), the first hydrogen storage device (H 1 ) has a small capacity, and an electric heater (R 1 ) is embedded in the second hydrogen storage device (H 1 ).
The hydrogen storage device has a large capacity and the first and second heat exchangers (E 1 )
And (E 2 ) are buried. The starting storage battery (Bt) is connected to the output of the battery (FC) in parallel with the load (L).

電池の起動に際しスイッチ(S1)をONにすると、蓄電池
(Bt)からヒーター(R1)に通電され、第1水素貯蔵装
置(H1)内の水素吸蔵合金が加熱されることにより水素
を解離する。この水素が弁(V1)(V2)を介して電池
(FC)のアノード(N)に供給されると同時にブロワ
(F2)で吸引した空気を弁(V3)を経てカソード(P)
に供給され、電池反応による昇温(負荷昇温)が開始さ
れる。水素は改質ガスのようにアノード触媒を被毒する
COを含まないから、30℃程度の低温から負荷昇温が可能
である。
When the switch (S 1 ) is turned on when starting the battery, the storage battery (Bt) energizes the heater (R 1 ) and the hydrogen storage alloy in the first hydrogen storage device (H 1 ) is heated to generate hydrogen. Dissociate. This hydrogen is supplied to the anode (N) of the battery (FC) via the valves (V 1 ) (V 2 ) and at the same time the air sucked by the blower (F 2 ) is passed through the valve (V 3 ) to the cathode (P). )
And the temperature rise (load temperature rise) due to the battery reaction is started. Hydrogen poisons the anode catalyst like reformed gas
Since it does not contain CO, it is possible to raise the load from a low temperature of around 30 ℃.

電池から排出された未反応水素及び未反応空気は夫々弁
(V4)(V5)を経て触媒燃焼器(S)で燃焼され、排ガ
ス(N2を含むスチーム)は、弁(V6)を介して系外に排
出(EX2)される。
Unreacted hydrogen and unreacted air discharged from the battery are burned in the catalytic combustor (S) through the valves (V 4 ) (V 5 ), respectively, and the exhaust gas (steam containing N 2 ) is discharged by the valve (V 6 ). It is discharged (EX 2 ) out of the system via.

第1貯蔵装置(H1)内の吸蔵水素が減少すれば、前記弁
(V6)を閉、弁(V7)を開とし、燃焼器(S)の排ガス
が第2貯蔵装置(H2)内の第2熱交換器(E2)に送られ
て後系外へ排出(EX2)されるが、その間に水素解離熱
源として働く。この解離水素は、負荷昇温を継続するの
に用いられる。この場合第1水素貯蔵装置(H1)からの
水素解離は不要となりヒーター(R1)への通電は遮断さ
れる。
When the stored hydrogen in the first storage device (H 1 ) decreases, the valve (V 6 ) is closed and the valve (V 7 ) is opened, and the exhaust gas of the combustor (S) is discharged to the second storage device (H 2). It is sent to the second heat exchanger (E 2 ) in () and discharged to the outside of the system (EX 2 ), but during that time it acts as a hydrogen dissociation heat source. This dissociated hydrogen is used to continue the load heating. In this case, dissociation of hydrogen from the first hydrogen storage device (H 1 ) is not necessary and the heater (R 1 ) is de-energized.

やがて電池(FC)が規定作動温度(約190℃)に昇温す
れば、スイッチ(S2)をONして負荷運転状態となる。こ
の際循環ブロワ(F1)が始動し冷却板(CL)を循環する
冷却空気により、規定作動温度に維持するよう電池を冷
却する。即ち冷却板(CL)から出た高温(約180℃)の
冷却空気は、第1熱交換器(E1)を流れる間に、それ自
体吸蔵合金に熱を奪はれて冷却されると同時に、吸蔵合
金から水素を解離する。この水素は負荷運転用として弁
(V8)(V9)を経てアノードに送られる。
When the battery (FC) rises to the specified operating temperature (about 190 ° C), the switch (S 2 ) is turned on and the load operation state is set. At this time, the circulation blower (F 1 ) is started and the battery is cooled by the cooling air circulating through the cooling plate (CL) to maintain the specified operating temperature. That is, the high-temperature (about 180 ° C.) cooling air that has come out of the cooling plate (CL) itself is deprived of heat by the storage alloy and is cooled while flowing through the first heat exchanger (E 1 ). , Dissociate hydrogen from the storage alloy. This hydrogen is sent to the anode through valves (V 8 ) (V 9 ) for load operation.

前記高温冷却空気の第1熱交換器(E1)による熱交換能
を向上するため、負荷運転時燃焼器(S)は弁(V4
(V5)を閉じて燃焼を停止し、アノード(N)から排出
された未反応水素は弁(V10)を経て経路(BL)を流れ
る間に外気により冷却されて後、弁(V1)を経て第1水
素貯蔵装置(H1)に送り込まれ吸蔵合金に再吸蔵され
る。この時弁(V2)は閉じられている。一方カソード
(P)から排出された未反応空気は弁(V11)の開放に
より系外へ排出される。
In order to improve the heat exchange capacity of the high temperature cooling air by the first heat exchanger (E 1 ), the combustor (S) during load operation has a valve (V 4 ).
(V 5 ) is closed to stop combustion, and unreacted hydrogen discharged from the anode (N) is cooled by the outside air while flowing through the path (BL) through the valve (V 10 ), and then the valve (V 1 ) And is sent to the first hydrogen storage device (H 1 ) and re-stored in the storage alloy. At this time, the valve (V 2 ) is closed. On the other hand, the unreacted air discharged from the cathode (P) is discharged to the outside of the system by opening the valve (V 11 ).

この間負荷(L)と並列に接続された蓄電池(Bt)は燃
料電池(FC)の出力で充電される。
During this time, the storage battery (Bt) connected in parallel with the load (L) is charged by the output of the fuel cell (FC).

前記各弁・各スイッチ及び各ブロワなどは各種検出信号
にもとづきコントローラ(図示せず)からの出力信号に
より制御される。
Each valve, each switch, each blower and the like are controlled by an output signal from a controller (not shown) based on various detection signals.

第2水素貯蔵装置(H2)の吸蔵水素が消耗すると、これ
を連結手段(C1)(C2)(C3)で切離し、新しい貯蔵装
置に取替える。
When the stored hydrogen in the second hydrogen storage device (H 2 ) is exhausted, it is separated by the connecting means (C 1 ) (C 2 ) (C 3 ) and replaced with a new storage device.

尚電池起動時電池温度が低い場合はスイッチ(S3)をON
して蓄電池(Bt)から電池の上下端板(PL)の近傍に配
置した昇温用ヒーター(R2)に通電し、電池温度を40〜
50℃程度に予め昇温すればよい。
If the battery temperature is low at battery startup, turn the switch (S 3 ) ON.
Then, the storage battery (Bt) is energized to the temperature raising heater (R 2 ) arranged near the upper and lower end plates (PL) of the battery to bring the battery temperature to 40 ~
The temperature may be raised in advance to about 50 ° C.

(ト)発明の効果 本発明によれば、水素吸蔵合金を夫々充填した第1及び
第2の水素貯蔵装置を有し、第1水素貯蔵装置の水素解
離用熱源のみは起動用蓄電池を電源とするヒーターを用
いるが、第2水素貯蔵装置は電池からの未反応ガスを燃
焼した廃熱や電池冷却系の廃熱を水素解離熱源として利
用し、これら解離水素を電池の負荷昇温及び負荷運転用
とするもので、系外への排熱を極めて小さくできると共
に改質器を用いるシステムに比し高温部がないためシス
テムの熱管理が容易となる。
(G) Effect of the Invention According to the present invention, the first and second hydrogen storage devices respectively filled with hydrogen storage alloy are provided, and only the heat source for hydrogen dissociation of the first hydrogen storage device uses the starting storage battery as a power source. The second hydrogen storage device uses the waste heat generated by burning the unreacted gas from the battery or the waste heat of the battery cooling system as a hydrogen dissociation heat source. The heat of the system can be controlled easily because the exhaust heat to the outside of the system can be made extremely small and there is no high temperature part as compared with the system using the reformer.

特に負荷運転時電池から出る高温冷却空気が水素解離用
熱源となって電池の冷却が行はれると共に未反応水素は
第1水素貯蔵装置に再吸蔵されて、再使用が可能とな
る。
In particular, the high-temperature cooling air discharged from the battery during load operation serves as a heat source for hydrogen dissociation to cool the battery, and unreacted hydrogen is stored again in the first hydrogen storage device and can be reused.

又第2水素貯蔵装置は連結手段でシステムに組込まれて
いるので、消耗後新しい貯蔵装置に取換え可能である。
Further, since the second hydrogen storage device is incorporated in the system by the connecting means, it can be replaced with a new storage device after being consumed.

このように本発明は水素−空気燃料電池を名実ともにク
リーンでコンパクトな可搬式電源とすることができる。
As described above, the present invention enables the hydrogen-air fuel cell to be a clean and compact portable power source in both name and reality.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

図面は本発明電源システムのシステムフロー図を示す。 FC:燃料電池、CL:冷却板、PL:端板、H1,H2:第1及び
第2の水素貯蔵装置、Bt:蓄電池、S:燃焼器、R1,R2
ヒーター、E1,E2:第1及び第2の熱交換器、F1,F2
ブロワ、C1,C2,C3:連結手段、S1,S2,S3:スイッ
チ、V1,V2,…,V11:弁
The drawing shows a system flow diagram of the power supply system of the present invention. FC: fuel cell, CL: cooling plate, PL: end plate, H 1 , H 2 : first and second hydrogen storage devices, Bt: storage battery, S: combustor, R 1 , R 2 :
Heaters, E 1 and E 2 : first and second heat exchangers, F 1 and F 2 :
Blower, C 1 , C 2 , C 3 : Connection means, S 1 , S 2 , S 3 : Switch, V 1 , V 2 , ..., V 11 : Valve

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 濱田 陽 大阪府守口市京阪本通2丁目18番地 三洋 電機株式会社内 (72)発明者 土井 豊 大阪府守口市京阪本通2丁目18番地 三洋 電機株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭63−231878(JP,A) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yo Hamada, 2-18, Keihan Hondori, Moriguchi City, Osaka Prefecture Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor, Yutaka Doi, 2-18, Keihan Hondori, Moriguchi City, Osaka Sanyo Electric Incorporated (56) References JP-A-63-231878 (JP, A)

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】水素吸蔵合金から解離した水素と空気との
反応により電力を発生する燃料電池と、前記水素吸蔵合
金を夫々充填した第1及び第2の水素貯蔵装置と、起動
用蓄電池とを備え、前記第1水素貯蔵装置は、水素解離
用電源として前記蓄電池を電源とするヒーター熱を用
い、前記第2水素貯蔵装置は、第1段階で電池から排出
された未反応水素と未反応空気の燃焼廃熱を、第2段階
で電池冷却系の廃熱を夫々水素解離用熱源として用いる
ことを特徴とする燃料電池電源システム。
1. A fuel cell for generating electric power by the reaction of hydrogen dissociated from a hydrogen storage alloy with air, first and second hydrogen storage devices respectively filled with the hydrogen storage alloy, and a starting storage battery. The first hydrogen storage device uses heat of the heater that uses the storage battery as a power source for hydrogen dissociation, and the second hydrogen storage device includes unreacted hydrogen and unreacted air discharged from the battery in the first stage. The fuel cell power supply system, wherein the waste heat of combustion is used as the heat source for hydrogen dissociation in the second stage.
【請求項2】前記第2段階において電池から排出された
未反応水素を冷却して前記第1水素貯蔵装置に再吸蔵せ
しめることを特徴とする請求項1の燃料電池電源システ
ム。
2. The fuel cell power supply system according to claim 1, wherein unreacted hydrogen discharged from the cell in the second step is cooled and stored again in the first hydrogen storage device.
【請求項3】前記第2水素吸蔵装置が連結手段を介して
システムに着脱可能に組込まれることを特徴とする請求
項1の燃料電池電源システム。
3. The fuel cell power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the second hydrogen storage device is removably incorporated in the system via a connecting means.
JP1237513A 1989-09-13 1989-09-13 Fuel cell power system Expired - Fee Related JPH0758624B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1237513A JPH0758624B2 (en) 1989-09-13 1989-09-13 Fuel cell power system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1237513A JPH0758624B2 (en) 1989-09-13 1989-09-13 Fuel cell power system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH03101064A JPH03101064A (en) 1991-04-25
JPH0758624B2 true JPH0758624B2 (en) 1995-06-21

Family

ID=17016438

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP1237513A Expired - Fee Related JPH0758624B2 (en) 1989-09-13 1989-09-13 Fuel cell power system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0758624B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5047464B2 (en) * 2005-02-02 2012-10-10 三菱電機株式会社 Fuel cell device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH03101064A (en) 1991-04-25

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