JPH0759305B2 - Coarse waste crusher - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial field of application) The present invention collects resources such as used waste tatami mats, sofas, chests, tires, broken refrigerators, washing machines, and other large-scale wastes from households. The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus for coarse waste for crushing and reducing the volume for the purpose of convenient pretreatment and for increasing transport efficiency.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, the above-mentioned large-scale wastes, which are mainly discharged from homes, are collected by a collection company and then separated by recyclables, combustibles or incombustibles, and the combustibles are incinerated. ,
Metal wastes such as refrigerators were crushed and treated as scraps, and plastics were recycled.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, even if the above-mentioned coarse waste is treated by some method, it is bulky and poor in transportability and easy to handle. Work such as disassembly is required in advance. In particular, in the case of waste that is a combination of wood, metal, plastic, etc., if it is incinerated as it is, the recyclable waste will be burned down, and there will be a lot of wasted resources. Items need to be disassembled and then sorted and processed according to each item. In the past, such pretreatment was mostly performed manually, which required a large number of personnel, great labor, and was dangerous. Many of the above wastes can be reused as recycled resins, metals, or fuels, and it is fully expected that the effective use of these will be greatly opened if the pretreatment is done efficiently. It was just around the corner.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and crushes the above-mentioned coarse waste very efficiently with low noise and low vibration to reduce the volume, enhances its transportability and handleability, and for subsequent processing. It is possible to easily separate wastes and further promote the recycling of useful wastes. It is possible to enhance the effect of cutting, shearing and shredding and save energy. An object of the present invention is to provide a crushing device for coarse coarse waste.

(Means for Solving the Problem) A coarse waste crushing apparatus of the present invention that achieves the above object will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of the crushing apparatus for coarse waste of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an outer peripheral edge portion of a spiral blade. 4 (a) to 4 (c) are perspective views of various projecting blades, and FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view in which a secondary crushing means is attached to the tip of the cylindrical casing. FIG. 7 is a view for explaining the arrangement of the blades in the secondary crushing means, FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the secondary crushing means, and FIG. 8 is a front view of the other embodiment of the same. The figure is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 of a coarse waste crushing device having a perforated plate at the bottom of a casing body, and FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b) are perspective views showing a typical example of the perforated plate.

That is, the apparatus for crushing coarse waste according to the present invention has a casing main body 10 which has a charging port 11 having a large opening on the upper surface and whose inner peripheral surface has a tapered shape of a forward tapered diameter, and the casing main body 10. A cylindrical casing 30 connected to the tip and having a tip opening as a crushed piece discharge port 33, a ring-shaped fixed blade 20 sandwiched between the casing body 10 and the cylindrical casing 30, and the above casing. A low-speed, large-torque rotary drive shaft 60 rotatably provided laterally from the main body 10 to the inside of the cylindrical casing 30, and the casing main body around the drive shaft 60.
The taper spiral blade 40 and the equal-diameter spiral blade 50, which are fixedly provided in series corresponding to 10 and the cylindrical casing 30, are provided. The gist of the invention is that a sharp blade-like portion 41 directed in the screwing direction is formed at the outer peripheral edge portion of a portion corresponding to at least the ring-shaped fixed blade 20.

The drive shaft 60 is connected to a drive means 70 that emits low-speed and large-torque power, and rotates at a speed of 4 to 15 rpm.
It is desired that the charging port 11 has an opening formed in substantially the entire upper surface area of the casing body 10 so that a large amount of waste such as a refrigerator or a sofa can be charged therein, and a chute or the like is additionally provided in this opening.

It is desirable that a large number of protruding blades 43 of various shapes as shown in the later-described embodiment be provided along the peripheral direction of the tapered spiral blade 40 in accordance with the properties of the object to be treated. It is desirable to store the bases of the protruding blades 43 in a guide frame 42 fixed to the side of the tapered spiral blade 40 near the outer periphery to stabilize the guide blades 42.

Further, the spiral blade 40 may be fixed to the drive shaft 60 in an inclined state in the screw advancing direction so that the shearing force is increased and energy is increased.

Further, the inner peripheral surface 10a of the casing body 10 and the inner peripheral surface 30a of the cylindrical casing 30 are fixedly provided with a large number of fixed blades 15, ..., 32, to enhance the crushing effect in the main body casing 10, and thus the cylindrical casing 30 It is also possible to make it break more finely inside. Then, in the present invention, the finely crushed crushed pieces are discharged from the tip discharge port 33 of the cylindrical casing 30, but when it is necessary to further crush the finely crushed pieces according to the purpose of treatment after the cleaning, It is also possible to attach a secondary crushing means 90 shown in an embodiment described later to the tip of the cylindrical casing 30.

Furthermore, the bottom of the casing body 10 is provided with a large number of through holes 18a ...
It is also possible to configure by a perforated plate 18 having fixed blades 15 on its inner surface to prevent small crushed pieces and small piece waste from staying at the bottom of the casing body 10.

(Operation) The crushing procedure of the coarse waste by the crushing device configured as described above will be described. When the drive means 70 is moved, the drive shaft 60, the tapered spiral blade 40 and the constant-diameter spiral blade 50 fixed to the peripheral body thereof rotate. The input large waste A is
The casing body receives the rotating action of the tapered spiral blade 40.
The inner peripheral surface 10a of the casing body 10 and the shearing force which is drawn into the inside of the spiral blade 40 and acts between the spiral blade 40 and the ring-shaped fixed blade 20.
It is broken and crushed by the pressing force against. Further, in the tapered casing body 10 having the tapering diameter of the preceding taper, the coarse waste is sent toward the discharge port 33 by the tapered spiral blade 40, and the space becomes smaller as it moves, and it becomes difficult to move and stays. At the point where it tends to be cut, it is cut by the sharp blade-like portion 41 facing the screwing direction, and is subjected to shearing at the narrowest part of the ring-shaped fixed blade 20 due to their cooperation, so that the cutting and the shearing are performed. Since it is shredded and smoothly sent to the discharge port side, efficient cutting that enables energy saving and shredding by shearing are performed.

The crushed pieces of the waste thus roughly crushed are pushed forward by the screwing action of the spiral blade 40, and the casing main body 10
The inner surface is gradually compressed due to the progressively-decreasing diameter shape, and the tip small diameter portion 12 is in a fairly dense compressed state. When the ring-shaped fixed blade 20 is sandwiched at the connecting portion between the casing body 10 and the cylindrical casing 30, the finely compressed crushed pieces are tapered spiral blades 40 that rotate with the ring-shaped fixed blade 20. Is subjected to shearing action with the outer peripheral edge of, and is further broken. The breaking here is based on the cross shearing action between the screwing force of the spiral blade 40 and the edge portion of the ring-shaped fixed blade 20 arranged so as to face the screwing force, and not only the iron plate but also metal such as reinforcing bars and bolts. Rigid things such as pieces or concrete pieces,
Further, even a sticky material such as a tire or a carpet can be broken or crushed. In particular, tapered spiral blade
When a sharp blade-like portion 41 directed in the screwing direction is formed on the outer peripheral edge of 40 and the spiral blade 40 is fixedly installed in an inclined state in the screwing direction, the shearing force with the ring-shaped fixed blade 20 is further increased. Further, the cutting depth becomes deeper and complete cutting can be performed, so that the shredding efficiency is improved and energy saving is achieved.

The crushed pieces shredded by the ring-shaped fixed blade 20 are pushed forward in the cylindrical casing 30 by the propulsive force of the equal-diameter spiral blade 50, and sequentially discharged from the tip discharge port 33. When the fixed blades 32 are fixedly mounted on the inner peripheral surface 30a of the casing 30, a cross shearing action between the outer peripheral edge of the rotating spiral blade 50 and the fixed blades 32 is added, and the fixed blades 32 are broken more finely.

Thus, the crushed pieces discharged from the discharge port 33 become scraps and become one tenth of the original volume, and the transportability and handleability thereafter are dramatically improved. Further, since the rotary drive shaft 60 rotates at a low speed and a large torque, even if the waste is a combination of wood, metal or plastic, such as a refrigerator or a washing machine, these constituent materials are separated from each other without being entangled,
It is extremely effective for the subsequent separation processing.

Then, the series of processing operations described above is performed by the driving means of low speed and large torque.
Since it is made by 70, there is very little vibration, noise, or dust generation, and there are few restrictions on its installation location.

Further, when the bottom of the tapered casing 10 is composed of the perforated plate 18, small fragments generated in the initial stage of the crushing process and small-piece waste mixed from the time of introduction are the through holes 18a of the perforated plate 18.
Is discharged from the device. Therefore, these small pieces and small piece waste do not stay at the bottom of the casing body 10, do not interfere with the rotation of the spiral blades 40, 50, and contribute to the reduction of power consumption and the reduction of wear of the blades 40, 50. It will be. The waste remaining on the perforated plate 18 is the spiral blade 40, similar to the above.
It is continuously shredded by the action of the 50 and the fixed blades 15, etc., and is discharged from the end discharge port.

(Example) Next, an example will be described. In FIGS. 1 and 2, on the inner peripheral surface 10a of the tapered casing body 10, rod-shaped fixed blades 15 extending from the base side to the front side are fixedly mounted by bolts or the like at every circumferential interval. ing. Inside the casing body 10 on one side, there is a pocket part (extended part to the outside).
19 is formed, and the waste A that has been input is in this pocket portion 19
It is designed to be retained once and to promote the entrainment associated with the rotation of the spiral blade 40, which is particularly effective for treating large-sized waste.

Projecting blades 43 are spaced from each other on the outer peripheral edge of the tapered spiral blade 40, and the synergistic action of the projecting blades 43 and the pocket portion 19 effectively pull in and tear the waste A as described above. As shown in FIGS. 4 (a), (b), and (c), the protruding blades 43, such as a flat blade edge 43a, a pyramid-shaped one 43b, and an inverted trapezoidal-shaped one 43c, are to be crushed and discarded. It is used by appropriately selecting and combining according to the properties of the product A. As shown in FIG. 3, the protruding blades 43 ... Are stabilized by storing the base portion thereof in a U-shaped guide frame 42.
It is fixed so that it can be replaced by a fastener such as 42a.
Further, the peripheral edge portion of the tapered spiral blade 40 is a blade-shaped portion 41 having a sharp beak-shaped cross section that faces the screwing direction, and the shearing action with the ring-shaped fixed blade 20 is increased.

It is also possible to mount a replaceable ring-shaped blade body as the blade-shaped portion 41 like a cage. Furthermore, the spiral blade 40 is a drive shaft.
It is fixed in an inclined state with respect to 60 in the screwing direction.

The ring-shaped fixed blade 20 is sandwiched between the tip flange 14 of the tapered casing main body 10 and the base flange 31 of the cylindrical casing 30, and when worn, it can be replaced by separating this joint. There is. On the inner peripheral surface 30a of the cylindrical casing 30, a large number of rod-shaped blades 32 extending in the longitudinal direction thereof are fixed so as to be replaceable at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The clearance between the rod-shaped blades 32 ... And the peripheral edge of the equal-diameter spiral blade 50 is set to several mm, so that the runout of the tip side of the cantilever drive shaft 60 is prevented. Drive shaft 60
It is not excluded that the front side of the bearing is also supported by a bearing (not shown) to be a so-called double-support type. Further, the rod-shaped blades 32 ... Can also be spiral blades, whereby the angle of intersection with the peripheral edge of the equal-diameter spiral blade 50 becomes sharp, and the shredding efficiency here is further improved.

The rotary drive shaft 60 is connected to the electric motor 71 via a speed reducer 72 and is driven to rotate in the direction of arrow R at a low speed of 4 to 15 rpm.
A large-diameter bearing 65 between 10 has a large-diameter base portion 61 and is supported in a cantilevered state. The rotary drive shaft 60 is almost the above discharge port 33.
The casing body as described above.
Tapered spiral blade corresponding to 10 and cylindrical casing 30
40 and an equal-diameter spiral blade 50 are fixed by welding or the like.

FIG. 5 shows the secondary crushing means 90 at the tip of the cylindrical casing 30.
An example in which is provided is shown. The secondary crushing means 90 includes an outward flange 91 fixedly provided at the tip of the cylindrical casing 30, a large number of blade-like projections 92 ... Protrudingly provided on the front surface of the flange 91, and a tip of the drive shaft 60. The rotary disk 93 is fixed to face the flange 91 with a small clearance, and the blade-shaped protrusions 94 are provided to project from the rotary disk 93 facing the flange 91. The blade-shaped protrusions 92 ..., 94 ... Are formed at intervals along a spiral curve extending in the centrifugal direction from the center of the forming surface. In the gap between the flange 91 and the disc 93, the blade-shaped protrusions 92, ..., 94 are set so as to engage with each other, and the rotation of the disc 93 causes the blade-shaped protrusions 92 ,. They are arranged in a positional relationship that does not hit them. When the crushed pieces are pushed out from the discharge port 33 and reach the gap between the rotating disk 93 and the flange 91,
The crushed pieces are further bitten and crushed by the interaction of the blade-shaped protrusions 92, 94, and are sequentially pushed in the centrifugal direction, and are further crushed and discharged from the peripheral portion. In this embodiment, the rotary disc 93 is locked to the tip 64 of the drive shaft 60 with a key or the like,
It is designed to rotate in the same direction as the drive shaft 60 and at the same low speed, but it is not excluded that the drive shaft 60 is rotated by another drive source (not shown).

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the secondary crushing means 90, which is a cone-shaped cylindrical body 95 which is fixed in advance at the tip of the cylindrical casing 30 and has a gradually expanding shape, and the cone-shaped cylindrical body 95. A cone-shaped rotor 97 that is roughly the same in shape as the
And the blade-shaped protrusions 96 ..., 98 ... so that the inner surface of the cone-shaped cylindrical body 95 and the outer surface of the rotating body 97 have substantially the same relationship as above.
Is projected. The rotating body 97 can be fixed to the drive shaft 60 as described above, or can be connected to another drive source. Also in this case, the crushed pieces extruded from the discharge port 33 reach the gap between the cone-shaped tubular body 95 and the rotating body 97, and due to the interaction of the blade-shaped protrusions 96, 98 with the rotation of the rotating body 97. While being crushed, it is pushed in the centrifugal direction, further crushed and discharged.

In the embodiment of the secondary cutting means 90, instead of the blade-like protrusion, it is possible to use a spiral continuous ridge blade or a concave blade for crushing in a millstone.

FIG. 8 shows a support for the drive shaft 60 at the end of the cylindrical casing 30.
80 is fixed and the support 80 also functions as the secondary crushing means 90. That is, the support 80 is a drive shaft.
A central bearing portion 81 that supports the tip end portion 64 of the 60, a support rod portion 82 that extends radially from the bearing portion 81, and a ring that is integrated with the support rod portion 82 and is fixed to the front end portion of the casing 30. And a ring-shaped mounting flange portion 83. The edges of the supporting rods 82 are sharpened, and the crushed pieces pushed into the casing 30 reach the supporting rods 82, and shearing is caused between them when the equal-diameter spiral blade 50 rotates. It is further finely broken by the action, and the supporting rod
It is discharged from the space between 82 ... Such a bearing
Numeral 80 prevents the core of the drive shaft 60 from touching and also has the function of secondary crushing, and is desirably adopted together with the above and can also be used in combination with these.

9 and 10 (a) and (b) show an example in which the bottom of the casing body 10 is constituted by the perforated plate 18. This perforated plate 18 is
As shown in the drawing, it is desirable to form it over the entire bottom portion, but it is not excluded that it is formed in the front half portion of the casing body 10. The perforated plate 18 is opened at the bottom of the casing body 10 and is detachably attached to the opening with a bolt, a nut or the like via a flange 18b, and small fragments or coarse waste generated in the initial stage of processing. This is to permeate and discharge the small piece waste that has been input together with A. As the perforated plate 18, as shown in 10 (a), the flange 18
Punching metal is fixed to the lower surface of the frame body by b and the back surface is reinforced with a number of reinforcing ribs 18c ...
As shown in (b), it is desirable to employ a structure in which the flange 18b, the reinforcing ribs 18c ... And the rod-shaped fixed blades 15 ... The through holes 18a of these perforated plates 18 have a diameter of 15 according to the standards of the Ministry of Health and Welfare regarding landfill of waste.
The size is such that wastes of cm or less can permeate. Therefore, the waste that has permeated the perforated plate 18 can be directly used for landfill. Then, by discharging such a small waste in the processing household, the load on the spiral blades 40, 50 is reduced and the blades 40, 50 and the fixed blades 15, 20, 32 are also reduced.
Wear can be reduced.

It is also possible to add the same effect by making the shape of the equal-diameter spiral blade 50 the same as the shape of the tapered spiral blade 40 as shown in FIG.

(Effect of the Invention) As described above, according to the device of the present invention, a refrigerator, a washing machine,
All bulky waste such as reception sets, tatami mats, carpets, old tires, etc. are crushed very efficiently, and transportation efficiency, handleability and safety in the subsequent processing are extremely excellent. In addition, since the device is driven by a low-speed and large-torque driving means, it is low in noise and vibration, generates little dust, and is not restricted by its installation location.In addition, like electric appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines, Even if the waste is composed of metal, plastic, etc., these constituent materials are crushed and discharged in a free state without being entangled with each other. Therefore,
This makes it easier to select renewable items and greatly contributes to resource reuse. Further, as the coarse waste is fed to the discharge port by the tapered spiral blade and moves in the tapered casing body of the preceding tapering diameter, the space becomes smaller and it becomes difficult to move and tends to stay. By the way, it is cut by a sharp blade-shaped part that faces the screwing direction, and at the narrowest part of the ring-shaped fixed blade, it is sheared by their cooperation, and it is shredded by cutting and shearing. Energy can be saved by being smoothly sent to the outlet side. If the bottom of the tapered casing body is made up of a perforated plate, small debris generated in the initial stage of processing and small waste mixed in the input waste will not be discharged to the outside of the device promptly and stay at the bottom, This reduces the addition of spiral blades, reduces wear on these blades and fixed blades, and enables smooth crushing. As described above, the practical value of the device of the present invention having many advantages is enormous.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a coarse waste crushing device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1, and FIG. Peripheral partial cross-sectional perspective view, FIG. 4 (a) ~ (c)
Is a perspective view of various projecting blades, FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view when the secondary crushing means is attached to the tip of the cylindrical casing, and FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of the arrangement of the projecting blades in the secondary crushing means. FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the secondary crushing means, FIG. 8 is a front view of the other embodiment, and FIG. 9 is crushing of coarse waste having a perforated plate at the bottom of the casing body. Fig. 1 of the device, Fig. 10
(A) and (b) are perspective views showing a typical example of a perforated plate. (Explanation of symbols) 10 …… Tapered casing body, 11 …… Inlet, 12 ……
Small tip, 15 ... Fixed blade, 10a ... Inner peripheral surface, 18 ... Perforated plate, 18a ... Perforated hole, 20 ... Ring fixed blade, 30 ... Cylindrical casing, 33 ... Discharge port, 30a ... inner surface, 40 ...
… Tapered spiral blade, 41 …… Blade part, 43 …… Projecting blade, 50
...... Equal diameter spiral blade, 60 …… Drive shaft, 70 …… Low speed and large torque drive means, 90 …… Secondary crushing means, A ・ ・ ・ Coarse waste.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A casing main body (10) having a charging opening (11) having a large opening on the upper surface and having an inner peripheral surface tapered with a taper diameter of the leading edge, and a tip of the casing main body (10). A cylindrical casing (30) that is connected and has a tip opening as a crushed piece discharge port (33), and these casing bodies (10).
Ring-shaped fixed blade (20) sandwiched between the cylindrical casing (30) and a cylindrical casing (30), and a low-speed large blade horizontally rotatably provided from the casing body (10) into the cylindrical casing (30). The torque rotation drive shaft (60), and the casing body (10) and the cylindrical casing (30) around the periphery of the drive shaft (60).
Corresponding to a series of fixed tapered spiral blades (40)
In the crushing apparatus for coarse waste, which is composed of the equal-diameter spiral blade (50), the tapered spiral blade (40) and the uniform-diameter spiral blade (50) have at least the ring-shaped fixed blade ( 20) A crushing device for coarse waste, characterized in that a sharp blade-like portion (41) directed in the screwing direction is formed on the outer peripheral edge of a portion corresponding to (20).